AMH 2020 Chapter 22

During the war, the AFL made great strides in helping blacks and was more racially integrated than any union had ever been before.

False

Freedom of speech and freedom of worship were not principles expressed bu the Atlantic Charter because FDR feared their application to the African American struggle for racial justice and equality at home.

False

The "zoot suit" riots were between the police of Detroit and the black workers of the city.

False

The majority of the Japanese Americans who were interned during the war were not actually citizens of the United States.

False

By 1945, support for racial justice had finally taken its place on the liberal-left agenda alongside full employment, civil liberties, and the expansion of the New Deal welfare state.

True

Japanese propaganda depicted Americans as a self-indulgent people contaminated by ethnic and racial diversity, as opposed to the racially "pure" Japanese.

True

Texas passed the Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution in 1943 in a goodwill effort to help Mexican-Americans.

True

The Bretton Woods meeting established a new international economic system.

True

The dropping of the atomic bombs to end World War II was the logical culmination of a war that was unprecedented in the targeting of civilian populations in the fighting.

True

The war experience brought many more Native Americans closer to the mainstream of American life.

True

27. What does Henry Luce see as the cure for America in his book The American Century? a. For America to exert its influence on the world. b. Deficit spending to end the Depression. c. Creating a welfare state to fully embrace liberalism. d. Entering World War II to aid Great Britain. e. Return to a strict policy of isolationism.

a. For America to exert its influence on the world

13. How did the Allied campaign in Italy prepare for the ground invasion of France on D-Day? a. The defeat of Mussolini's regime forced Hitler to redirect valuable German troops to occupy Italy. b. American soldiers had the opportunity to hone their fighting skills in the much more forgiving Mediterranean theater of war. c. Allied forces had to secure the Mediterranean for unperturbed access to Middle Eastern oil, a necessary resource for the ground invasion. d. By occupying Italy, Allied forces were able to channel supplies through Switzerland and France to the westward marching invaders from Normandy. e. The defeat of Italy made it possible to recruit desperately needed Italian ground troops for an invasion in France.

a. The defeat of Mussolini's regime forced Hitler to redirect valuable German troops to occupy Italy.

6. In 1940, the "cash and carry" plan: a. allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. b. allowed Germany to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. c. allowed Japan to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. d. allowed all belligerents to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis. e.was voted down by Congress.

a. allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.

10. Freedom House was an organization that: a. demanded American intervention in the European war. b. Jewish refugees could flee to from Europe. c. believed the European war was not an American concern. d. raised funds for Japanese-Americans to use for legal fees to bring court cases against the United States for unlawful imprisonment. e. was located in Chicago and acted as a networking resource for blacks moving there from the South.

a. demanded American intervention in the European war.

21. During the war, Americans: a. experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline. b. found fewer consumer goods available by 1944. c. still suffered from high unemployment. d. were told that the end of war might bring a return of the Great Depression. e. experienced extreme deprivation.

a. experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline.

40. During World War II, Native Americans: a. served in the military and worked in war production. b. prospered, especially those on reservations. c. were eligible for GI Bill benefits only if living on reservations. d. became more isolated within American society. e.collaborated with the Japanese.

a. served in the military and worked in war production.

15. In the United States during World War II: a. unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased. b. the economy grew only slightly. c. income taxes increased only for the wealthy. d. little was done to regulate the economy. e. the actual size of the federal government shrank as the New Deal ended.

a. unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased.

14. What was the "final solution"? a. The Allied operation for D-Day. b. Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples. c. The United States' plan for the atomic bombs to be dropped on Japan. d. Japan's plan to attack Pearl Harbor. e. Joseph Stalin's plan to spread communism throughout the world.

b. Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples.

3. Which of the following statements best describes Japan's overseas actions in the 1930s? a. Japan requested an emergency session of the League of Nations to discuss treaty options with the United States. b. Japan invaded China in 1931 and 1937 to expand its military and economic power. c. Japanese diplomats seeking a peaceful solution in a territorial dispute with China were killed in Nanking. d. Domestic power struggles kept Japan out of international affairs until 1941. e.Japan failed in its attempt to annex China.

b. Japan invaded China in 1931 and 1937 to expand it's military and economic power.

35. How did "Patriotic Assimilation" differ from "Americanization"? a. Patriotic assimilation advocated the forced integration of racial and ethnic groups into American society, whereas Americanization promoted tolerance. b. Patriotic assimilation described the American way of life, where people of different backgrounds could live together in freedom and unite as a people. c. Both terms essentially described the same wartime cultural practice, but referred to different periods of American history: World War I and World War II. d. Patriotic assimilation was in reference to ethnic minorities who served in the military and experienced integration and greater equality while fighting overseas. e. Americanization described plurality with a rigid hierarchy.

b. Patriotic assimilation described the American way of life, where people of different backgrounds could live together in freedom and unite as a people.

18. Organized labor assisted in the war effort by: a. decreasing union membership. b. agreeing to a no-strike pledge. c. accepting wage cuts. d. asking Congress to abolish Social Security. e. joining the army.

b. agreeing to a no-strike pledge.

39. The 1943 Texas Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution: a. specified that Japanese-Americans interned in that state were not allowed to use the same public accommodations as whites. b. allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations, while still segregating blacks. c. stated that German POWs being held in the state could be allowed to enjoy the same public accommodations as whites. d. segregated blacks and Mexicans from all public accommodations. e. granted equal privileges to all Texans, regardless of race.

b. allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations, while still segregating blacks.

9. The Lend-Lease Act: a. authorized military aid to Germany and Japan. b. authorized military aid to those fighting against Germany and Japan. c. excluded China. d. excluded the Soviet Union. e. maintained trade relations with Japan.

b. authorized military aid to those fighting against Germany and Japan.

31. The GI Bill of Rights: a. was very limited in scope. b. included scholarships for education for veterans. c. extended benefits to very few veterans. d. did not include health insurance. e. was unavailable for African-American veterans.

b. included scholarships for education for veterans.

24. Women working in defense industries during the war: a. were viewed as permanent workers after the war, so long as they did a good job. b. made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and shipbuilding. c. had little impact on the war effort. d. were small in number, as most women took clerical work or joined the military service as nurses. e. were all young, single women who left their jobs once they got married.

b. made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and shipbuilding.

44. In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court: a. deemed Japanese internment unconstitutional. b. upheld the legality of Japanese internment. c. deemed loyalty oaths constitutional. d. barred Japanese-Americans from serving in the U.S. military. e. apologized for Japanese internment.

b. upheld the legality of Japanese internment.

30. The National Resources Planning Board: a. urged the curtailment of Social Security. b. urged the expansion of the welfare state. c. urged the discontinuation of Keynesian spending in peacetime. d. urged less government spending in general. e. had the full support of Congress.

b. urged the expansion of the welfare state.

32. FDR's "Economic Bill of Rights": a. included some provisions for veteran support, but did not have the funding to become law. b. would have empowered the federal government to secure education, housing, medical care, and full employment for all Americans. c. was modified to appease conservatives and pushed through Congress by Harry Truman. d. A and C e. was a large part of FDR's 1944 presidential campaign.

b. would have empowered the federal government to secure education, housing, medical care, and full employment for all Americans.

7. Men like Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and Father Coughlin were members of the: a. America Now! committee, an interventionist group. b. Anti-Semitism Society, a group that blamed the Jews for the war. c. America First committee, an isolationist group. d. Lend-Lease League, a group that supported technology for the war. e.Free Paris Society, a group that advocated the liberation of Paris.

c. America First committee, an isolationist group.

41. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Asian-American experience during World War II? a. Complete prohibition of Chinese immigration to the United States ended. b. A view of the Chinese emerged as gallant fighters against the aggressive Japanese. c. Executive Order 9066 fully integrated Asian-Americans into U.S. army units serving overseas. d. Chinese-Americans worked alongside whites in jobs on the home front. e. Japanese-Americans were viewed with suspicion as potential spies.

c. Executive Order 9066 fully integrated Asian-Americans into the U.S. army units serving overseas.

29. Who did publisher Henry Luce credit with the provision of "the abundant life" in his blueprint for postwar prosperity, The American Century? a. The Department of Defense. b. Returning veterans. c. Free enterprise. d. The New Deal state. e. Labor unions.

c. Free enterprise.

8. Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt announce his candidacy for a third term in 1940? a. He feared that the Republican incumbent Wendell Wilkie lacked the experience to govern the nation. b. He argued that the nation should not switch its executive leadership in the middle of war. c. He argued that the recovery was too fragile and the international situation too dangerous for him to leave his post. d. He argued that the United States could only defeat the dictators of Italy, Germany, and Japan if they follow the leader with similar authority and power. e.He did so reluctantly after recognizing that his eight years of leadership had failed to produce a viable successor in the Democratic Party.

c. He argued that the recovery was too fragile and the international situation too dangerous for him to leave his post.

34. On what grounds did the Austrian-born economist Friedrich A. Hayek reject the New Deal state? a. In all its details, he thought it indistinguishable from National Socialism. b. The American consumer economy, he thought, lacked the complexity that required economic planning. c. He was convinced that even the best intentioned government planning efforts would threaten individual liberties. d. He reasoned that economic planning during the war had almost cost the United States its victory. e. He worried that the New Deal would eventually assist African-Americans in achieving equality.

c. He was convinced that even the best intentioned government planning efforts would threaten individual liberties.

36. Under the bracero program: a. Mexican immigrants were denied entry to the United States. b. Mexican immigrants were eligible for citizenship. c. Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship. d. Indians were encouraged to leave their reservations. e. marriages between Mexicans and Americans were banned.

c. Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship.

42. Why did Executive Order 9066 NOT apply to persons of Japanese descent living in Hawaii? a. In the wake of the U.S. navy's defeat at Pearl Harbor, it was the Japanese that governed Hawaii. b. The number of Japanese-Americans in Hawaii was so insignificant that the order seemed irrelevant. c. Since nearly 40 percent of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical. d. Most persons of Japanese descent in Hawaii actually served in military units. e. At the time, the federal government did not yet have such jurisdiction over its territorial possessions.

c. Since nearly 40 percent of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical.

16. How did World War II change the role of corporations in American life? a. U.S. corporations became friendly and close collaborators with the federal government. b. With the loss of its overseas affiliates in Asia and Europe, U.S. corporations once again became predominantly American. c. Technological innovation and high productivity in the war effort restored the reputation of corporations from its Depression lows. d. The heavy reliance of the Roosevelt administration on corporate leaders for its wartime agencies left U.S. corporations with the stain of government bureaucracy. e.Thin profits during the war years forced U.S. corporations to dramatically innovate for increased efficiency.

c. Technological innovation and high productivity in the war effort restored and the reputation of corporations form its Depression lows.

28. What did Henry Luce and Henry Wallace have in common? a. They both believed that the United States should assume an isolationist policy, leading by example, not by action. b. They were both liberals in their political beliefs and strongly supported the New Deal, which they believed should be spread to the rest of the world. c. They both put forth a new conception of America's role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations. d. They both believed that the best course of action for the United States after the war was fiscal conservative policies, including high tariffs and domestic taxes. e. They were both working for the Office of War Information in promoting, through books, the positions held by the group America First.

c. The both put forth a new conception of America's role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations.

19. Why did so many American workers walk out of their jobs between 1943 and 1944? a. They were protesting equal pay for women and men, blacks and whites. b. They were protesting discriminatory hiring practices of FEPC. c. They charged their employers with the unseemly expansion of corporate profits. d. They sought to express moral objections to the mass manufacturing of guns and ordinance. e. They were protesting the fact that the United States failed to make the destruction of German death camps a priority in its war efforts.

c. They charged their employers with the unseemly expansion of corporate profits.

25. For most women workers, World War II: a. had little impact. b. permanently changed the way employers viewed them. c. allowed them to make temporary gains. d. permanently changed the way unions viewed them. e. did not increase employment rates, especially for married women.

c. allowed them to make temporary gains.

1. The Four Freedoms: a. was a campaign slogan of the Republicans. b. were the war aims of Nazi Germany. c. were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims. d. included the freedom to join the Communist Party. e.did not apply to Jehovah's Witnesses.

c. were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims.

11. After the United States entered World War II: a. Americans saw little military action for the first few months of 1942. b. Americans immediately won several key battles. c. it maintained control of the Philippines. d. Americans experienced a series of military losses. e. no Americans were taken prisoner by the Japanese.

d. Americans experienced a series of military losses.

20. What did Roosevelt mean by the phrase "Freedom from Want"? a. It referred to his support of the Lend-Lease Act, which would equip Great Britain with war materiél. b. Initially, it was a call to eliminate barriers to international trade. c. It suggested the Great Depression would not continue after the war. d. B and C e. A and B

d. B and C

37. How did wartime experiences change Mexican-American life in California? a. Tremendous wage increases prompted young Mexican workers to spend carelessly on frivolous outfits. b. Employment opportunities in the defense sector attracted Mexican farmworkers to the cities, where they built exclusive barrio neighborhoods. c. Service in segregated army units motivated Mexican-American activists to join ranks with African-American civil rights groups. d. Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican-Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods. e. The war increased the need for farmworkers, prompting Mexican-Americans to leave urban neighborhoods for rural regions instead.

d. Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods.

2. In what aspect of American foreign policy did Franklin D. Roosevelt remove himself from Herbert Hoover's precedent? a. He called for the era of isolationism toward Europe to be over. b. He promised nationalists in China to intervene in their civil war. c. He promised Latin American neighbors to end his predecessor's policy of interventionism. d. He formally recognized the Soviet Union in an effort to stimulate trade. e.He urged European nations to abandon their colonial possessions in Africa.

d. He formally recognized the Soviet Union in an effort to stimulate trade.

17. How did World War II affect the West Coast of the United States? a. The populations of both San Francisco and Los Angeles declined as the prospect of a Japanese invasion led many people to migrate inland. b. The West Coast cities of Portland and Seattle received a relatively small amount of federal money for their shipyards. c. Unlike other regions profiting from military-industrial production, growth rates in the West remained essentially flat. d. Millions of Americans moved to California for jobs and military service. e. The military temporarily relocated its headquarters to Portland to plan for a Japanese invasion.

d. Millions of American's moved to California for jobs and military service.

26. What taste of freedom did women enjoy in World War II? a. A life beyond the control of men. b. The thrills and excitement of military service. c. The blessing of long-term job security. d. The perks of doing men's jobs. e.New job benefits, such as paid vacation and retirement packages.

d. The perks of doing men's jobs.

38. The "zoot suit" riots of 1943: a. were a series of fashion shows in Hollywood. b. involved Mexican immigrants fighting with blacks in Los Angeles. c. involved autoworkers in Detroit. d. highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II. e. highlighted the growing acceptance of Mexicans in southern California.

d. highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II.

45. The status of blacks during World War II: a. strengthened somewhat after the Red Cross reversed its long-standing policy against mixing blood from whites and blacks in its blood banks. b. changed dramatically, particularly in the South, after a federal antilynching law was finally passed. c. was not affected by Roosevelt's denunciation of any race of people claiming the right to be "master" over another. d. in northeastern cities was not always improved, despite the promise of better economic opportunity through wartime jobs. e. C and D

d. in northeastern cities was not always improved, despite the promise of better economic opportunity through wartime jobs.

23. "Rosie the Riveter": a. refers to a movie star during World War II. b. was a term applied only to black women workers. c. described only single women workers. d. refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer. e. refers to a type of industrial machinery.

d. refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer.

33. The Road to Serfdom: a. advocated for laissez-faire economics. b. offered an intellectual basis for the critique of active government. c. was written by an Austrian-born economist who embraced the label of "conservative" all of his life. d. B and C e. A and B

e. A and B

4. Fascism: a. was a political movement similar to Nazism. b. became the political system in Spain by the late 1930s. c. attracted widespread popularity in Sweden and Switzerland as an alternative to Nazism. d. was initially embraced by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, who viewed it more favorably than capitalism. e. A and B

e. A and B

12. "D-Day" refers to the: a. Allied invasion of the Soviet Union. b. Allied invasion of Japan. c. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. d. dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan. e.Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy.

e. Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy.

5. Which of the following does NOT explain why Americans hoped to avoid involvement in the war in Europe? a. Many regretted intervention in the First World War, especially after Senate hearings revealed bankers and arms merchants had profited enormously from it. b. Hitler had admirers in the United States. c. Anticommunists thought German expansion could check Soviet aggression. d. Businessmen such as Henry Ford wanted to maintain profitable German markets. e. It was clear to most people that there was little possibility of an Allied victory.

e. It was clear to most people that there was little possibility of an Allied victory.

43. Which statement about the Japanese-American internment is FALSE? a. The press supported the policy of internment almost unanimously. b. The Supreme Court refused to intervene. c. Japanese-Americans in Hawaii were exempt from the policy. d. Japan used it as proof that America was racist toward non-white people. e.Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave.

e. Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave.

22. The Office of War Information: a. imprisoned isolationists. b. cast the war's sole goal as retaliation against the Japanese. c. attempted to stir up nationalist hysteria. d. was a New Deal program. e. used radio, film, and press to give the war an ideological meaning.

e. used radio, film, and press to give the war an ideological meaning.