AMSCO- AP WORLD HISTORY- PERIOD 0

Qur'an

This is the name of the text which contains the foundational documents and doctrines of Islam.

Silk Roads

This is the series of roads and pastoral routes that connected the regions of East, South, Central, and West Asia.

Indian Ocean Trade Network

This is the series of waterways, coasts, and roads that connect the regions of Southeast Asia, South Asia, and East Africa.

Muslims

This is the terms ascribed to followers/adherents of Islam.

karma

This term is used to describe one's efforts in the current life impacting their hierarchal placement in the next life.

dharma

This term is used to describe the fulfillment of one's life [caste] duty.

polytheism

This term refers to religion that has many gods.

monotheism

This term refers to religion that has one god.

Legalism

This was a Chinese philosophy that emphasized the existence of a strong state built on moral law, strict secular laws and punishments, as well as administrative positions based on individual merit.

Han Dynasty

This was the Chinese Dynasty from 202 BCE - 220 CE that issued in a Golden Age of imperial Chinese history, expanding territorially, as well as advancing Chinese culture, written language, poetry, art, medicine, technology, and philosophy.

Qin Dynasty

This was the Chinese dynasty from 221 - 206 BCE that ended the period described in #21 by uniting China and reorganizing the state system.

Confucious

This was the Chinese philosopher who created the philosophy detailed in #25.

Confucianism

This was the Chinese that laid out three fundamental levels to maintain social harmony that transitioned first from the individual to the family, and finally to the state.

Second Temple of Judaism

This was the Hebrew faith that borrowed from many of the key beliefs from the religion detailed in #29.

Cyrus the Great

This was the Persian leader who founded and led the historically influential Persian Achaemenid Empire.

Zoroaster

This was the Persian philosopher that is credited with devising the religion described in #29.

Mauryan Empire

This was the first large, centralized empire that unified most of the Indian subcontinent from 332-185 BCE.

Gupta Empire

This was the first large, centralized empire that unified most of the Indian subcontinent from 350-543 CE; it is largely credited by historians with the ushering in of the Golden Age of India.

Zoroastrianism

This was the foundational religion of Persian origin that established several theological precedents such as the concept of Good vs. Evil, free will, a future messiah, etc.

Siddhartha Gautama

This was the founder Buddhism.

Paul of Tarsus

This was the missionary who helped spread the religion detailed in #35.

governor

This was the name for Roman provincial rulers that carried out the policies of the Roman Republic and Empire.

warring states

This was the name for the period of intermittent fighting and disunification in China from 475 - 221 BCE.

HInduism

This was the name for the set of oral Vedic religions brought by Indo-Aryan invaders around 1500 BCE that dominated the Indian subcontinent; its beliefs were codified by the Vedas by 700 BCE.

Shihuangdi of Qin

This was the name of the leader who unified China and began the dynasty detailed in #22.

Umayyad Caliphate

This was the name of the political, social, religious, and military entity that emerged from internal conflict and continued Arab expansion into North Africa, Spain, Central Asia, and South Asia from 661-750 CE.

Abbasid Caliphate

This was the name of the political, social, religious, and military entity that revolted and won against the entity detailed above, ruling from 750-1258 CE from its capital in Baghdad, and continuing until complete dissolution in the early 16th century.

skepticism

This was the practice and approach of Greek philosophers who doubted and questioned authoritative knowledge in favor of that which was observed, demonstrated, or rationalized from logical thinking.

Mecca

This was the primary Arabic city which hosted the pagan tradition of pilgrimage that was captured by adherents of Islam in 629 CE.

Christianity

This was the religion that began following the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth from 20-33 CE.

Ashoka

This was the ruler of the empire detailed above who sought to spread the teachings of Buddhism throughout his empire from 268-232 BCE.

Philip of Macedon

This was the ruler who began the process of unifying the independent Greek city-states into an empire.

Punic Wars

This was the series of conflicts between the Roman Republic and their rivals in Carthage during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE.

analects

This was the set of documents that codifies the major beliefs of the philosophy described in #25.

primary source

In history, this is a document or other source that provides firsthand testimony or direct evidence concerning an historical topic under research investigation.

Athens

The Greeks of which city-state were most famous for their successful implementation of a democratic state.

centralized

The Persians were, perhaps, most famous for their Empire's administrative policies, including the world's first effective use of a large-scale ____________ government, ran by the emperor, and enforced by provincial appointees.

Muhammad

According to Islam, this is the prophet that codified its core beliefs and began a series of conquests in Arabia during the early 7th century CE.

secondary source

In history, this is a document or other source created by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events or conditions one is researching; they often focus on analyzing the sources detailed in #39.

roads

Roman _______ were used to provide transportation systems for trade and troop movements within the borders of the Roman Empire.

Rashidun Caliphate

This is the name of the political, social, religious, and military entity that expanded rapidly from 632-661 CE and conquered the weakened Sassanid Empire, as well as took roughly half of Byzantine territory before giving way to factional Arab conflicts.

Persians

These were the peoples which most-profoundly influenced Arab central administration and culture.

reincarnation

This is the concept which dominates major South and Southeast Asian religions that believes human souls exist in a cycle of death and rebirth, with the ultimate goal being the transcendence of said cycle and its suffering.

Tanakh

This is the foundational document that codifies that main teachings of the religion described in #33.

five pillars

This is the name for the foundational practices of Islam which include acknowledgement of the one God & final prophet, fasting during Ramadan, almsgiving, prayer five times per day, and pilgrimage to the Kaaba.

caliph

This is the name for the religious and political leader of Islam.

caste system

This is the name for the rigid social hierarchy practiced by adherents of the religion detailed above (as well as the region of South Asia itself).

Alexander the Great

This was the son of the ruler detailed above who setout on an undefeated expedition that conquered the entire Persian Achaemenid Empire, as well as many polities in Central Asia and the areas of the West Indus Valley and Hindu Kush.

Roman citizenship

This was the state policy practiced by Rome in which conquered peoples could obtain full civil protection and privilege, regardless of their ethnicity or prior political affiliation.

jizya

This was the tax that applied to non-Muslims in Muslim states.

satrap

This was the term used to describe an appointed Persian provincial official that governed according to the policies set forth by the emperor himself.

dhimmi

This was the term used to describe the status of second-class citizenship for the 'protected' peoples of Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Christianity within Muslim states.