Analyze Point of View (8.2.7)
Understatement
A statement that says less than what is meant Creates irony... By downplaying a situation in a way the reader doesn't expect Role To downplay
What Chinese practice demonstrated the belief that China was superior to other nations?
Foreign diplomats were required to bow to the Chinese emperor. The Chinese government isolated the country from other nations to show its self-sufficiency. A distinct order of living things: Chinese, barbarians, and beasts
What is Emperor Qian Long's opinion of King George III?
He views himself as superior to King George III, since China is a vast kingdom and Britain is a small island. He views King George III as one of his subordinates. He views King George III as inferior, because he governs an inferior culture.
hong
Merchants from inside the country that brought goods to Canton to trade.
Canton
One of city in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming dynasty
European cultural practices the Chinese considered barbaric...
Public physical contact Dancing arm in arm Lack of personal hygiene
Context
The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text. Best determines if the work is sarcastic or not
How did the Chinese view their emperor?
They believed all nations belonged indirectly to him. As one who has divine right to rule all nations
How did the Chinese view their country's place in the world?
They named it the "Middle Kingdom," indicating that it was the center of the world.
What is the Chinese opinion of Europeans during Emperor Qian Long's time?
They saw Europeans as barbarians. They thought Europeans were deceptive. They believed Europeans to be unsanitary.
Hyperbole
exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. Example Our Celestial Empire possesses all things in prolific abundance and lacks no product within its own borders. Ever since the beginning of history, sage Emperors and wise rulers have bestowed on China a moral system and inculcated a code. Moreover, our dynasty, swaying the myriad races of the globe, extends the same benevolence towards all. Creates sarcasm by... Hyperbole uses exaggeration to suggest the opposite of what a writer is literally saying. Role To exaggerate
"yang guizi"
foreign devils Beast-like Hairy Foul-breathed
Macao
trading posts that the Mongols let the Portuguese have near Canton area were European merchants restricted
Irony
the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning Role To defy readers' expectations
