anaphy finals

coronary sulcus

A large groove that runs around the heart, and separates the atria from the ventricles, is the

Hgb 10 g/dL

A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who has suspected anemia. Which of the following laboratory test results should the nurse expect?

d. Monitor for hypertension.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the following actions is not a priority if an allergic transfusion reaction is suspected? a. Stop the transfusion. b. Maintain an IV infusion with 0.9% NaCl c. Administer diphenhydramine. d. Monitor for hypertension.

d. Obtain vital signs every 15 min throughout the procedure

A nurse supervisor is observing a novice nurse on the unit who is preparing to administer a blood transfusion to an older adult client. Which of the following actions by the novice nurse indicates an understanding of the procedure? a. Inserts an 18‑gauge IV catheter in the client b. Verifies blood compatibility and expiration date of blood with an assistive personnel c. Administer dextrose 5% in .09 NaCl with the tranfusion d. Obtain vital signs every 15 min throughout the procedure

adrenal cortex

ACTH stimulates the

b. can cause blood vessels to constrict when present in the blood in large amounts

ADH a. is sometimes called oxytocin b. can cause blood vessels to constrict when present in the blood in large amounts c. causes "milk letdown" from the breasts of lactating women d. stimualtes melanocytes and causes them to synthesize melanin e. is sometimes called oxytocin and cause blood vessels to constrict when present in the blood in large amounts as properties.

Insulin

After consuming a banana split, which hormones would be expected to increase?

Glucagon

After having a double-bacon cheeseburger with a milkshake, which of the following hormones would NOT be expected to increase?

c. generation of the formed elements of the blood.

All of the following are functions of the heart EXCEPT: a. generation of blood pressure. b. ensuring one-way flow of blood. c. generation of the formed elements of the blood. d. regulation rate and force of blood delivery. e. distribution of oxygenated blood to tissues.

hemocytoblasts

All of the formed elements of the blood are formed from a single population of cells called:

d. both lymphocytes and eosinophils are correct

An 8-year-old boy periodically has trouble breathing. A complete blood count is performed to determine if he has stress-anxiety syndrome or asthma (an allergic reaction). With which type(s) of white blood cells should you be most concerned? a. neutrophils b. lymphocyctes c. eosinophils d. both lymphocytes and eosinophils are correct

b. hypoxia caused by decreased atmospheric oxygen stimulates erythropoeisis

An individual who lives at a high altitude may normally have an increased RBC count because: a. high altitudes cause vascualr fluid loss leading to hemoconcentration b. hypoxia caused by decreased atmospheric oxygen stimulates erythropoeisis c. the function of the spleen at removing old RBC's are impaired at high altitudes d. impaired production of leukocytes and platelets leads to proportionally higher red cell counts

ploycythemia

An overproduction of red blood cells is known as ________.

d. All valves are open

At the instant following the second heart sound, which heart valves are open? a. Both atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves b. Semilunar valves c. Atrioventricular valves d. All valves are open

d. has a total volume of approximately 5 liters

Blood: a. is a type of epithelial tissue b. consists of formed elements and cells c. transports waste products to cells d. has a total volume of approximately 5 liters

c. is synthesized by C cells of the thyroid gland

Calcitonin a. is secreted by the parathyroid glands b. increases the amount of calcium absorbed by the intestines c. is synthesized by C cells of the thyroid gland d. increases the rate of calcium release from bone e. is secreted when bone calcium levels drop too low

b. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Choose the correct sequence of action potential conduction along the conductive tissues of the heart: a. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers → Bundle branches b. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers c. SA node → AV node → Bundle branches → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers d. SA node → AV node → Purkinje fibers → Bundle of His → Bundle branches

c. the contact of clotting factors with connective tissue

Clotting factor activation can start with: a. the formation of fibrin b. the activation of fibrinogen c. the contact of clotting factors with connective tissue d. clot retraction

lymphoid stem cell

Damage to red marrow by chemicals or radiation can cause aplastic anemia. Which cell type is most likely affected?

b. regulate growth, development, and function of the ovaries and testes

Gonadotropins: a. are secreted by the posterior pituitary b. regulate growth, development, and function of the ovaries and testes c. include both TSH and ACTH d. are controlled by a releasing hormone from the thyroid gland

e. Both "deficiency in adult can produce pituitary dwarfism" and "excess after growth is complete produces acromegaly" are correct

Growth Hormone a. stimulates lipid synthesis b. favors protein breakdown c. deficiency in an adult can produce pituitary dwarfism d. excess after growth is complete produces acromegaly e. Both "deficiency in adult can produce pituitary dwarfism" and "excess after growth is complete produces acromegaly" are correct

Paracrine function

Growth factors and histamine are chemical agents released in small amounts that act locally on neighboring cells. Which of the following best describes the function of growth factors and histamine?

a. damage to the SA node.

If an ECG indicates no P wave, a possible explanation would be: a. damage to the SA node. b. damage to the AV node. c. damage to the ventricular muscle d. excessive vagus nerve stimulation e. ectopic beats in the ventricles

b. Weak or absent contraction of the left ventricle

If the left bundle branch is damaged, what would be the effect on the activity of the heart? a. Weak or absent contraction of the left atrium b. Weak or absent contraction of the left ventricle c. Sustained contraction of the left side of the heart d. Increased stimulation of the left ventricle

dyspnea and tachycardia

In a severely anemic patient, the nurse would expect to find:

jaundice

In newborns, bilirubin can increase faster than the liver can break it down. The buildup of bilirubin in the circulation results in ________.

d. Both are closed

In terms of being open or closed, what is the state of the mitral and tricuspid valves (left and right atrioventricular valves, respectively) at the end of the first heart sound? a. Mitral is closed, tricuspid is open b. Mitral is open, tricuspid is closed c. Both are open d. Both are closed

beta cells of the pancreatic islets

Insulin is secreted by the:

c. Juan may have contracted some type of worm parasite

Juan has not been well since his last community immersion. He went to the clinic, where the physician ran several blood tests. His test results indicated elevation of the number of eosinophils. Which of following may explain Juan's illness? a. Juan is most likely suffering from a bacterial infection b. Juan is anemic c. Juan may have contracted some type of worm parasite d. Juan may have developed an allergy to food

Thyroid

Juliana has been extremely tired lately. She feels overwhelmed with school and work and lacks the motivation to participate in many of the fun activities she usually enjoys. She has noticed that she has gained weight, even though she doesn't feel that she has changed her diet. A family friend, who is also a nurse, suggested that she see a physician, maybe an endocrinologist, because he thinks it may be a hormonal imbalance. Which gland or endocrine structure is most likely involved, based on the description of Juliana's symptoms?

a. relies on calcium and ATP to contract.

Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle a. relies on calcium and ATP to contract. b. is controlled by the stimulation of motor units. c. uses temporal summation to increase contractile force. d. has both fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers.

d. may be controlled by changes in day length.

Melatonin: a. is secreted by the thymus gland. b. is thought to increase the secretion of releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. c. increases FSH and LH secretion. d. may be controlled by changes in day length. e. All of the choices are correct.

posterior pituitary gland

Oxytocin is secreted by the:

d. play an important role in hemostasis

Platelets: a. are also called lymphocytes b. have no cell membrane c. are produced in the spleen d. play an important role in hemostasis

d. contain large quantities of hemoglobin

Red blood cells: a. are bioconvex disks b. have several nuclei in each cell c. divide frequently d. contain large quantities of hemoglobin

Hypothalamus

Releasing and inhibiting hormones that control anterior pituitary hormone secretion are produced by the ________.

Insulin

Secretion of which of these hormones would increase shortly after a meal?

a. jaundice

Significant information obtained from the patient's health history that relates to the hematologic system includes: a. jaundice b. bladder surgery c. early menopause d. multiple pregnancies

a. increased appetite.

Symptoms of diabetes mellitus include: a. increased appetite. b. lack of thirst. c. high energy level. d. limited urine output.

TSH

Target cells in the thyroid gland respond to ________.

e. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.

The aortic semilunar valve: a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. b. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. e. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.

d. all of the choices are correct

The biconcave shape of red blood cells a. increases the surface area of the red blood cell b. makes it easier for gasses to move into and out of the cell c. enables it to pass through small blood vessels more easily d. all of the choices are correct

c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.

The bicuspid (mitral) valve: a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. b. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.

coronary arteries

The blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart tissue itself are the

water

The most abundant substance in blood is ________.

c. chronic myelocytic leukemia.

The most common type of leukemia in older adults is: a. acute myelocytic leukemia b. acute lymphocytic leukemia. c. chronic myelocytic leukemia. d. chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

hematopoeisis

The process of blood cell production is called:

d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.

The pulmonary semilunar valve a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. b. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. e. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.

a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.

The right atrium a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. b. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. e. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.

b. to the lungs

The right side of the heart forces blood to flow a. to the body b. to the lungs c. through the systemic circulation d. both "to the body" and "through the systemic circulation" are correct. e. both "to the lung" and through the systemic circulation" are correct.

e. All of the choices are correct.

The thymus gland: a. becomes smaller with increasing age. b. is important in the function of the immune system. c. secretes thymosin. d. is found in the upper part of the thoracic cavity above the heart. e. All of the choices are correct.

a. Cells of the SA node

These cells are known as the primary pacemakers of the heart: a. Cells of the SA node b. Cells of the AV node c. Fibers of bundle of His d. Purkinje fibers

Follicles

Thyroid hormones are synthesized and stored in the ________ of the thyroid.

a. is caused by the secretion of too little insulin from the pancreas.

Type I diabetes mellitus a. is caused by the secretion of too little insulin from the pancreas. b. is caused by the insufficient numbers of insulin receptors on target cells. c. is caused by defective receptors that do not respond to insulin. d. can be regulated by diet alone. e. Both "is caused by the insufficient numbers of insulin receptors on target cells" and "is caused by defective receptors that do not respond to insulin" are correct.

d. Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

What is the correct path through the circulatory system which describes the passage of blood originating in the left leg? a. Vena cava, left atrium, right atrium, lungs, left ventricle, right ventricle, aorta b. Vena cava, right atrium, left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, left ventricle, aorta c. Vena cava, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, aorta d. Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

Endocardium

What layer of the heart would be most immediately susceptible to infections caused by bacteria circulating in the blood?

minimal leukocytosis

When reviewing laboratory results of an 83-year-old patient with an infection, the nurse would expect to find?

b. Semilunar valves

Which heart valves are NOT actively closed by the contraction of muscular structures? a. Mitral valves b. Semilunar valves c. Atrioventricular valves e. Tricuspid valves

Thyroid Hormone

Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate in the body?

Binds to receptors on the inside of the cell

Which of the following accurately describes thyroid hormone?

Glucagon

Which of the following hormones would be expected to increase if you were studying all day for a test and skipped breakfast and lunch?

Testosterone

Which of the following hormones would bind to receptors located on the inside of a cell?

d. Cardiac muscle tissue does not require nerve activity to stimulate a contraction.

Which of the following is TRUE of cardiac muscle? a. Cardiac muscle tissue has slow Ca2+ voltage gates in the membrane that make cardiac muscle incapable of tetanus. b. Cardiac muscle tissue has both an intracellular and extracellular source of Ca2+. c. In cardiac muscle tissue, excitation spreads from cell to cell via intercalated disks. d. Cardiac muscle tissue does not require nerve activity to stimulate a contraction. e. All of the choices are correct.

Water retention

Which of the following is a physiological function that is mediated by a hormone released by the posterior pituitary?

d. Liver

Which of the following is both an endocrine and exocrine gland? a. Thyroid Glands b. Adrenal Glands c. Parathyroid Glands d. Liver

e. All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following structures are able to spontaneously generate an action potential? a. The sinoatrial node (SA node) b. The atrioventricular node (AV node) c. The atrioventricual bundles d. The left and right bunle branches e. All of the choices are correct.

e. Elongated, branching cells usually with one nucleus

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of cardiac muscle? a. Rich in mitochondria b. Striated c. Special cell-to-cell contacts called intercalated disks d. Can develop a significiant oxygen debt e. Elongated, branching cells usually with one nucleus

c. pulmonary trunk

Which of these is NOT one of the large veins carrying blood to the heart? a. superior vena cava b. inferior vena cava c. pulmonary trunk d. pulmonary vein

c. basophils - synthesize or produce antibodies

Which of these leukocytes is NOT correctly matched with its function or description? a. monocytes - become macrophages b. lymphocyctes - important in the immune response c. basophils - synthesize or produce antibodies d. eosinophils - involved in destroying certain worm parasites

e. All of the choices are correct.

Which of these statements about the coronary arteries is true? a. The left coronary artery supplies the anterior wall of the heart and most of the left ventricle. b. The right coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle. c. Blood flow through the coronary arteries is greatest during ventricular diastole (relaxation). d. A heart attack occurs if a coronary artery is blocked. e. All of the choices are correct.

d. all of the choices are correct

Which of these statements concerning ABO blood type is correct? a. Persons with type O blood have been called universal donors b. Persons with type B blood who receive type A blood would have a transfusion reaction c. To reduce the likelihood of a transfusion reaction, all possible blood groups should be correctly typed d. all of the choices are correct

b. The apex is directed to the left, and deep to the 5th intercostal space.

Which of these statements concerning the form and location of the heart is correct? a. The apex is the most superior part of the heart. b. The apex is directed to the left, and deep to the 5th intercostal space. c. The base of the heart is directed inferior and slightly posterior. d. The most superior part of the heart is deep to the 12th intercostal space. e. Both "The apex is the most superior part of the heart." and "The base of the heart is directed inferior and slightly posterior." are correct.

Tricuspid valve

Which of these valves is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

c. your patient is at risk for bleeding

You are taking care of a male patient who has the following laboratory values from his CBC: WBC 6,500/mm3, Hgb 13.4 g/dL, Hct 40%, platelets 50,000/mm3. What are you most concerned about? a. your patient is neutropenic b. your patient has an infection c. your patient is at risk for bleeding d. your patient is at fall risk due to anemia

neutrophils

________ are the most common leukocytes and their dead cells are part of pus.