Anatomy 1 & 2

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell (outermost energy level)?

7

True r False: Cells within the body work independently of one another and rarely have direct effects on other cells.

False

Which of the following is true of an isotope?

Isotopes have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons they contain

Which of the following best defines anatomy? -It is the study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities -It is the study of all chemical reactions that occur within body cells -It is the study of tissues. -It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another.

It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another.

A(n) _______ is the combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Molecule

A(n) __________ is a neutral subatomic particle within the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

What explains the negative charge on the oxygen atom within the water molecule?

Oxygen atoms have a stronger pull on the electrons shared within a covalent bond formed between oxygen and hydrogen

Which of the following best defines potential energy?

Potential energy is stored energy that has the capacity to do work but is not presently doing so.

Which of the following is true of protein structure? -Secondary protein structures involve hydrogen bonding between amine and carboxyl groups. -Tertiary protein structure emerges when there is more than one peptide chain in a protein. -Peptide bonds are formed by hydrolysis. -Peptide bonds join the amine group on one amino acid with the R group of another amino acid.

Secondary protein structures involve hydrogen bonding between amine and carboxyl groups.

True or False: All salts are ionic compounds, but not all ionic compounds are salts.

True

True or false: ATP is an unstable, high-energy molecule that provides body cells with a form of energy that is immediately usable.

True

True or false: Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

True

Which life process generates the raw materials and energy needed to sustain all other life processes?

metabolism

A serosa, or serous membrane, can be found within which one of the following body cavities?

the ventral body cavity

Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?

to maintain homeostasis

Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system?

the receptor, the control center, and the effector

The ventral body cavity is subdivided into which of the following sets of cavities?

the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

In an ionic bond, __________.

there is a transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other

What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells?

ATP

A(n) _________ is an electrically charged particle due to the loss of an electron.

Cation

A(n) _______ is the smallest particle of an element that retains its properties.

Atom

You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of fluid held against the print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this?

Colloid

Which of the following organ systems are involved in the uptake and transport of materials required for life-sustaining processes? I. Digestive system II. Urinary system III. Nervous system IV. Circulatory system V. Reproductive system VI. Respiratory system

Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory

Which of the following statements is false? -Chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures -Chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher numbers -Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions -Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully

Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully

Which response provides the best explanation as to why ionic compounds easily dissociate in water? -The polarity of water allows it to easily dissociate most covalently bound compounds. -Nonpolar organic molecules such as fats and waxes dissolve well in water. -The polarity of water easily breaks the charges between the oppositely charged ions in the compound. -As a polar molecule, water cannot easily dissociate inorganic compounds.

The polarity of water easily breaks the charges between the oppositely charged ions in the compound.

Which of the following is true of positive feedback mechanisms

The result or response enhances the original stimulus, and the response is accelerated.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic steps involved in enzyme activity? -The enzyme releases the product(s) of the reaction. -The enzyme's active site binds to the substrate(s) on which it acts, temporarily forming an enzyme-substrate complex. -The enzyme-substrate complex undergoes internal rearrangements that form the product(s). -The substrate absorbs chemical energy from the enzyme after binding to its active site.

The substrate absorbs chemical energy from the enzyme after binding to its active site.

Which of the following structural levels is a group of similar cells which work together toward a specific function?

Tissue level

Foods are broken down into their building blocks by adding water. This would be an example of which characteristic of water?

Water acts as a reactant.

Water acts to dissolve molecules in the body. How does water dissolve the salt (NaCl) in your mouth from a salty pretzel?

Water acts as a solvent because the partial negative charge on the oxygen in water attracts sodium, while the partial positive charge on hydrogen attracts chloride. This results in the separation of sodium from chloride, thus breaking the ionic bond.

In plasma, a typical body fluid, protein floating around would be considered to be which of the following?

a solute, specifically both a colloid and an electrolyte

Which of the following is formed once the ions in the salt crystal have completely dissociated from one another?

a solution

Which of the following best describes a sagittal plane?

a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

Why is "responsiveness" important for the maintenance of life?

allows the body to avoid potentially harmful stimuli and adjust bodily activities

Which of the following best describes an isotope? -an atomic structural variation in which atoms have differing numbers of neutrons -an atomic structural variation in which atoms have differing numbers of protons -an atomic structural variation in which atoms have valence shell difference -an atomic structural variation in which atoms have differing numbers of electrons

an atomic structural variation in which atoms have differing numbers of neutrons

Water is an important molecule because it __________.

can form hydrogen bonds

Electrolytes are charged particles called ions that are dissolved in body fluids. Which of the following ions would be considered a major anion in the body?

chloride

Something with a pH of 5 would __________.

have more H+ ions than OH- ions

The pH scale __________. is based on the salinity of a solution ranges from 1 to 7is linear is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells and organs to regulate their activities?

nervous and endocrine systems

Which of the following is a bond in which electrons are shared equally?

nonpolar covalent

Which level of structural organization is considered to be the highest (most complex) level?

organismal

Which pH is more acidic, a pH of 3, a pH of 7, or a pH of 9?

pH of 3 (the lower the pH, the more acidic the fluid)

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________.

positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment?

receptor

With regards to a set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ a physiological value to the set point or normal limit -decreases -There is not enough information to answer this question -returns -increases

returns

Buffers __________.

stabilize pH

Cortisol is a type of lipid hormone. Which type of lipid would cortisol be classified as?

steroid

TRUE OR FALSE: The major function of DNA is to provide the genetic instructions for protein synthesis.

true :)

What additional molecule is produced when fatty acids are bonded to glycerol to make a triglyceride?

water