anatomy 1
The term concentration refers to the difference in concentration between two regions.
gradient
What is the term given to the difference in concentration of particles from one area to another?
gradient
In comparing two solutions of the same volume, the one with more solutes has _____ water than the one with fewer solutes.
less
The process that occurs due to the random movement of atoms, molecules, or ions in air or liquid, from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration is known as
Diffusion
What houses the genetic material of a cell and directs all cell activity?
Nucleus
Oxygen is at a higher concentration outside the cell compared to the inside the cell, and the cell membrane is permeable to oxygen. Based on the laws of diffusion, which way will oxygen molecules move?
Oxygen will move from outside the cell to inside the cell
Potassium is at a lower concentration outside the cell compared to the inside the cell, and the cell membrane is permeable to potassium so which way will potassium molecules move?
Potassium will move from inside the cell to outside the cell
Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion?
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood.
What is cytosol?
The liquid part of the cytoplasm.
What is the meaning of the prefix "hyper-"?
above
In transport, substances are moved across a membrane against the concentration gradient.
active
Moving down a concentration gradient is the movement from _______.
an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
The smallest unit of life is a
cell
The prefix _____ means "cell."
cyt-
The liquid portion of cytoplasm is called
cytosol
If a solute can cross a cell membrane, and the solute has a concentration gradient, _____ will occur.
diffusion
Diffusional ______ occurs when the concentration of a given substance becomes uniform throughout a solution and there is no further net movement of molecules throughout the solution.
equilibrium
True or false: When molecules move down a concentration gradient, it means that there is a net movement of particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
false
The ability of red blood cells to bend and fit through tight spots without breaking is due the plasma membrane being soft and
flexible
The prefix means "below" or "less than", such as in the word that means lesser osmotic pressure that cytosol.
hypo-
Which two of the following are general characteristics of the cell membrane?
it is selectively permeable,it is thin and flexible
Which two of the following are general characteristics of the cell membrane?
it is thin and flexible,it is selectively permeable
Active transport is a process that moves particles through a membrane from a region of ____ concentration to a region of ____ concentration.
low; higher
All human cells have a phospholipid bilayer that makes up the cell
membrane
In muscle cells ______ aggregate forming microfibrils.
microfilaments
The is a relatively large, usually spherical, structure that contains the genetic material which directs the activities of the cell.
nucleus
Both simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are ______ transport mechanisms that move molecules ______ a concentration gradient.
passive;down
Organelles called ____ are the site of protein synthesis.
ribosome
What conditions are necessary for diffusion of a substance to occur across a membrane?
A concentration gradient,Membrane permeability
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is an example of what process?
Simple diffusion
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
How would the phospholipids orient themselves if the cytosol and extracellular fluid were made of oil instead of water?
The tails would face outward, toward the cytosol and ECF, and the heads would face inward, toward each other
Which of these situations displays a concentration gradient?
There are higher concentrations of sodium on the outside of the cell than on the inside
In an aqueous solution (water based) if the phospholipids were unable to form a bilayer they would form ______.
a single layered ring structure with tails in and heads out
The goal of diffusion is to attain equal concentrations of solute throughout the solution. This is known as ______.
equilibrium
True or false: Both facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion require no carrier to move molecules across the membrane.
false
True or false: When molecules move down a concentration gradient it means that there is a net movement of particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
false
In diffusion, particles move from areas of ______ concentration to areas of ______ concentration.
high; low
Solution A has a higher concentration of salt than solution B. Therefore, solution B has a ______ concentration of water than solution A.
higher
Diffusion is a process which depends on concentration gradients.
passive
The term used to describe the cell membrane because only certain substances can enter or leave the cell is
selectively permeable
This figure depicts the process of:
simple diffusion
Within the structure of a cell membrane, the phospholipid heads face _____, while the tails face _____.
the cytosol and extracellular fluid; each other
What of the following is the meaning of the prefix "endo"?
within-
