Anatomy 1 Final Study Guide

Which of the following associations is incorrect? 5 sacral spinal nerves 11 thoracic spinal nerves 5 lumbar spinal nerves 8 cervical spinal nerves 1 coccygeal spinal nerve

11 thoracic spinal nerves

Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions: Which part(s) of the neuron can propagate an action potential? 3 2 and 3 1 1 and 2

3

Hundreds of years ago, explorers often died of scurvy. How can this bone-related disease be prevented? A Supplement the diet with fresh fruit rich in vitamin C. B Increase levels of testosterone to stimulate bone repair. C Amputate fractured limbs to prevent the spread of scurvy. D Supplement the diet with more calcium from meat. E Drink more water to promote bone re modeling and repair.

A

Osteoclast-activating factor does all of the following except that it A is released in large amounts early in life. B increases the activity of osteoclasts. C produces a severe osteoporosis. D increases the number of osteoclasts. E is released by some cancer tumors.

A

What is the cause of the striated appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscle? A the repeating arrangement of the contractile proteins, actin and myosin B the arrangement of intercalated discs C the stacking of muscle cells D the connections of neurons to muscle cells E the nuclei of the muscle cells

A

Systemic physiology is A the study of the function of specific organs. B the study of all aspects of the functioning of specific organs systems. C the study of the functional chemistry of cells. D the study of functions of the whole human body. E the study of the effects of diseases on system functions.

B

The cutaneous plexus is A a network of arteries in the epidermis. B a deep network of dermal arteries along the boundary of the reticular layer. C a network of nerves in the cutaneous membrane. D a neural plexus responsible for deep pressure. E a superficial network of dermal arteries.

B

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the male pelvis? A ilia extend far above sacrum B angle of pubic arch greater than 100 degrees C heart-shaped pelvic inlet D relatively deep iliac fossa E heavy, rough textured bone

B

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by all of the following except that it A is associated with the formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. B is the most common cause of senile dementia. C has a clear genetic basis. D may be associated with damage to the nucleus basalis. E is characterized by a progressive loss of memory.

C

As a person ages, exercise contributes to A inflammation of the muscles. B cumulative damage of tissues throughout the body. C maintaining bone strength. D an increased incidence of cancer. E faster aging due to exhaustion.

C

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because A the epidermis of the skin has a rich supply of small blood vessels. B contraction in the area of the injury brings cells of adjacent strata together. C stem cells persist in the skin even after injury. D cells of the stratum basale cannot migrate to other positions in the skin. E fibroblasts in the dermis can give rise to new germinal cells in the epidermis.

C

All of the following are true of neurons except that A they receive information from other neurons through their dendrites. B they are composed of a cell body and axon. C they cannot divide. D they are a very specialized form of connective tissue. E they conduct a nervous impulse.

D

Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys? CT scan MRI PET scan digital subtraction angiography ultrasound

DSA

A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage A does not affect the healing process. B heals slower than incisions made perpendicular to the lines of cleavage. C requires no sutures. D has a tendency to reopen. E closes and heals with relatively little scarring.

E

If a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast-activating factor, which of the following would you expect to occur as a result of this condition? A increases in blood levels of calcium B bone fragility C decreased bone density D increased osteoclast activity E All of the answers are correct.

E

Neural tissue A can contract. B fills spaces in the body. C stores energy. D forms glands. E carries information from one part of the body to another.

E

Parasympathetic effects are localized and short-lived because A norepinephrine is inactivated at the synapse by monoamine oxidase. B muscarinic receptors are deactivated by norepinephrine. C epinephrine blocks the muscarinic receptors. D Norepinephrine hyperpolarizes the postganglionic membrane. E acetylcholine is inactivated at the synapse by acetylcholinesterase.

E

Thoracic vertebrae can be distinguished from other vertebrae by the presence of A notched spinous processes. B transverse foramina. C transverse processes. D costal cartilages. E facets for the articulation of ribs.

E

Water loss from insensible perspiration A is too small to be measured reliably. B depends on apocrine sweat glands. C is unaffected by damage to the epidermis. D always exceeds sensible perspiration. E is approximately 0.5 liters a day.

E

Which of the following is not a function of the sebum? A It lubricates the hair shaft. B It inhibits growth of bacteria. C It conditions the surrounding skin. D It protects the hair shaft. E It helps the skin shed excess heat.

E

Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged? A The matrix begins to break down. B The exposed surface appears rough. C Friction in the joint increases. D Normal synovial joint function is unable to continue. E All of the answers are correct.

E

Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food? circumduction flexion pronation elevation abduction

Elevation

Which neurotransmitter has a direct effect on opening chloride channels? dopamine norepinephrine serotonin GABA endorphins

GABA

In a sarcomere, the central portion of thick filaments are linked laterally by proteins of the M line. H band. Z line. A band. I band.

M line

Which of the following imaging techniques causes particles within atoms to line up in uniform direction allowing the imaging of soft tissue? MRI digital subtraction angiography CT scan PET scan ultrasound

MRI

Sensory information from skeletal muscles travels over ________ fibers. type A type B type C type D type E

TYPE A

The complex integration of sensory information with visual and auditory memories occurs in this area near the auditory cortex? precentral gyrus Broca's area somatosensory area premotor cortex Wernicke's area

Wernicke's area

A movement away from the midline of the body is called flexion. extension. abduction. adduction. inversion.

abduction

Which of the following statements about the coccyx is true? It is the most caudal vertebral region. It anchors a muscle that constricts the anal opening. It consists of three to five coccygeal vertebrae. Fusion is delayed until the mid-twenties. All of the answers are correct.

all are correct

The spinal tract that relays information concerning crude touch and pressure to the CNS is the lateral spinothalamic. cuneate fasciculus. anterior spinothalamic. gracile fasciculus. posterior spinocerebellar.

anterior spinothalamic

Drugs that block nicotinic receptors would be parasympathetic blocking agents. sympathetic blocking agents. sympathomimetic. parasympathomimetic. autonomic blocking agents.

autonomic blocking agents

Which of the following is not an age-related change in the skeleton? bone remodeling fusion of the coxal bones reduction in mineral content closure of the fontanels appearance of major vertebral curves

bone remodeling

A child with rickets often has bowed legs. inadequate muscle development. long fingers. oversized facial bones. frequent bruises.

bowed legs

Which of the following describes the female pelvis? pelvic outlet is narrow acetabulum directed laterally broad and smooth prominent bone markings bones are heavy

broad and smooth

Active sites on the actin become available for binding after calcium binds to tropomyosin. troponin binds to tropomyosin. calcium binds to troponin. myosin binds to troponin. actin binds to troponin.

calcium binds to troponin

Which blood vessels have porous walls that allow water and small solutes to seep through? veins arteries capillaries venules arterioles

capillaries

Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue. skeletal muscle all types of muscle smooth muscle nerve cardiac muscle

cardiac muscle

Structurally, the pubic symphysis is classified as a ________ articulation. fibrous cartilaginous synovial diarthrotic bony

cartilaginous

The posterior root ganglia mainly contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. axons of motor neurons. axons of sensory neurons. cell bodies of motor neurons. synapses.

cell bodies of sensory neurons

The ________ are S-shaped bones that articulate lateral to the jugular notch. manubria coracoid processes clavicles scapulae acromial processes

clavicles

The point in a muscle twitch when the troponin is bound to calcium is called the latent period. relaxation phase. isotonic period. stimulus phase. contraction phase.

contraction phase

Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints? freely movable contain synovial fluid covered by a serous membrane covered by a capsule lined by a secretory epithelium

covered by a serous membrane

What is the action of the subclavius? protracts the shoulder depresses and protracts the shoulder adducts the scapula elevates the scapula depresses the shoulder

depresses and protracts the shoulder

At what point during excitation contraction coupling does exocytosis play a role? when sodium channels open up on the motor end plate when the action potential surges through the T-tubules during calcium ion reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum during acetylcholine release from the synaptic terminal when ATP splits into ADP and P on the free myosin head

during acetylcholine release

A neuron whose membrane potential shifts closer to threshold is said to be depolarized. at equilibrium. repolarized. hyperpolarized. facilitated.

facilitated

Which lower leg bone does not carry any body weight? fibula talus navicular tibia calcaneus

fibula

Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones? ball-and-socket hinge pivot gliding saddle

gliding

Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are ________ glands. sudoriferous apocrine holocrine merocrine endocrine

holocrine

Disease is an indicator of negative feedback. signs and symptoms. homeostatic failure. positive feedback. All of the answers are correct.

homeostatic failure

Heat energy gained from muscle contraction is released by the ________ system. integumentary endocrine cardiovascular respiratory urinary

integumentary

Growth of cartilage by accumulation of new matrix around chondrocytes that are embedded in existing matrix is called ________ growth. intrasitional appositional transitional transformational interstitial

interstitial

Which of the following statements about rickets is not true? It leads to weak bones. It is usually genetic. It leads to skeletal deformity. It is prevented by sunlight. It is prevented by vitamin D.

it is usually genetic

During development a cleft palate forms when which bones fail to meet along the midline of the hard palate? temporal ethmoid zygomatic maxillae sphenoid

maxillae

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the medulla oblongata. diencephalon. pons. midbrain. cerebellum.

medulla oblongata

Adipose tissue is stored within the metaphysis. spongy bone. medullary cavity. epiphysis. diaphysis.

medullary cavity

________ subdivide synovial cavities, channel the flow of synovial fluid, and allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces. Lacunae Menisci Fasciae Fat pads Bursae

menisci

A highly sensitive tactile receptor composed of dendritic processes of a single myelinated fiber that makes contact with specialized cells of the stratum basale is a lamellar corpuscle. tactile (Meissner) corpuscle. tactile (Merkel) disc. root hair plexus. Bulbous corpuscle.

merkel disc

If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system. positive negative neutral polarized deficit

negative

________ account for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system. Axons Synapses Neuroglia Efferent fibers Dendrites

neuroglia

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the cerebral cortex. olfactory bulb. thalamus. olfactory tract. medulla.

olfactory bulb

Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called osteoprogenitor cells. osteoclasts. osteoid cells. osteocytes. osteoblasts.

osteoblasts

A condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes making them brittle and compromises normal function is called osteopenia. osteomyelitis. osteoporosis. osteomalacia. osteitis.

osteoporosis

Cyanosis signifies that a patient has been exposed to cyanide. been kept out of the sun. had too much sun. oxygen-starved skin. an allergic reaction.

oxygen starved skin

The cerebral lobe posterior to the central sulcus is the parietal lobe. frontal lobe. temporal lobe. insula. occipital lobe.

parietal

The ligament that encloses the ________ attaches to the tibial tuberosity. patella lesser trochanter greater trochanter head of the femur medial malleolus

patella

The ________ interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering. protein-crystal collagen-fiber protein-protein hydroxyapatite-crystal mineral-crystal

protein crystal

The increase in muscle tension that is produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called wave summation. complete tetanus. incomplete tetanus. recruitment. treppe.

recruitment

Which of the following is not an extrinsic eye muscle? superior oblique inferior rectus lateral rectus medial rectus rectus abdominis

rectus abdominus

Vertebrae of which regions are fused in the adult? coccygeal region sacral and coccygeal regions lumbar region sacral region thoracic

sacral and coccygeal regions

Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton? coxal bones clavicles sacrum tibia scapula

sacrum

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the sarcosome. sarcoplasm. sarcomere. sarcolemma. sarcoplasmic reticulum.

sarcolemma

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands. apocrine sweat mammary ceruminous sebaceous merocrine sweat

sebaceous

The study of the relationships of the body's structures by examining cross sections of tissues or organs is called ________ anatomy. regional systemic gross sectional surface

sectional

Ascending tracts in the spinal cord relay ________ information. only somatic sensory and motor autonomic motor sensory

sensory

Which of the following types of muscle fibers are best adapted for prolonged contraction such as standing all day? intermediate fibers slow fibers striated fibers fast fibers uninucleated fibers

slow fibers

The greater wings of which bone form a large portion of the posterior wall orbit? ethmoid nasal zygomatic lacrimal sphenoid

sphenoid

The layer of epidermis where keratohyalin crosslinks keratin fibers is the stratum spinosum. stratum lucidum. stratum granulosum. stratum basale. stratum corneum.

startum granulosum

The anterior surface of the scapula is smooth and concave. The name of the concave depression is the subscapular fossa. subspinous fossa. glenoid fossa. infraspinous fossa. supraspinous fossa.

subscapular fossa

Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. This tissue probably came from the motor cortex. substantia nigra. nucleus cuneatus. cerebellar nucleus. nucleus gracilis.

substantia nigra

Drugs that stimulate alpha receptors, causing constriction of peripheral vessels, are sympathetic blocking agents. sympathomimetic. autonomic blocking agents. parasympathetic blocking agents. parasympathomimetic.

sympathomimetric

Free nerve endings detect which stimulus/stimuli? temperature, pain, stretch and touch chemical deep pressure pain only stretch

temperature, pain, stretch, and touch

The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called trabeculae. lacunae. concentric lamellae. osteons. interstitial lamellae.

trabeculae

The distinguishing feature of a cervical vertebra is the spinous process. pedicle. transverse foramina. vertebral arch. costal facet.

transverse foramina

A small rough bump on bone where a tendon attaches is called a trochanter. tubercle. trabecula. tuberosity. trochlea.

tuberosity

Which of the following surface features is found on the radius? olecranon trochlear notch ulnar notch coronoid process radial notch

ulnar notch

The imaging technique that builds an image by using sound waves reflected by internal structures is called a CT scan. PET scan. ultrasound. MRI. digital subtraction angiography.

ultrasound

Of the following bones, which is unpaired? nasal lacrimal palatine vomer maxillae

vomer

The temporalis muscle passes through the zygomatic arch. alveolar processes of the maxillae and mandible. fascia surrounding the submandibular salivary gland. epicranial aponeurosis. tendinous band around the optic foramen.

zygomatic arch