anatomy 2 exam 1

Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight?

92%

Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

A, B, E

helper t lymphocytes are also known as

CD4+ cells

Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood?

Lipid-soluble hormone

which of the given blood w a universal doner

O

what would happen to red blood cells if the heme group were removed from hemoglobin

Red blood cells would not be able to bind oxygen

the deep context of a lymph node contains — lymphnodes

T

which of the following statements is true of antigen antibody interactions

They are used to identify and reject microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, that invade our bodies.

a delayed response to specific antigen is provided by

adaptive immunity

The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of

all formed elements of blood

a person with an elevated number of eosinophils is most likely suffering from

allergies or internal parasites

thyroid stimulating hormone is secreted by the

anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland.

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary

are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen through a vaccine is called

artificially acquired active

Which are characteristic of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B

b, c, f

which is the last numerous of the leukocytes

basophils

lipid soluble hormones such as progesterone, exert their effects by forming hormone receptor complexes that

bind to DNA and initiate transcription.

in passive immunity , the

body receives antibodies by other humans or by an animal

steroid hormones are lipids derived from

cholesterol

globulins of the blood plasma are responsible for

defense mechanism

Fibrinolysis involves ________ of the fibrin framework, and it involves the protein _______.

destruction, plasmin

which white blood cell is most involved in allergic reaction

eosinophils

this plasma protein is responsible for blood congulation

fibrinogen

lymph nodes

filter lymph

which is not a function of the spleen

filters lymph

When the effects of water-soluble hormones on their target cells are considered, the hormone itself is

first messenger

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.

glucagon and insulin

Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action?

glucocorticoids

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as aids selectively infects — cells

helper t cells

cd4 markers are to — t cells as cd8 markers are to — t cells

helper, cytotoxic

what prevents the clotting of blood inside blood vessels

heparin

If dietary iodine levels are deficient you would expect that plasma TSH levels would be ________ and that plasma thyroxine levels would be ________.

high;low

the part of the brain that functions as a master control center of the endocrine system is the

hypothalamus

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the

hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.

IgA is primarily found in

in external secretions such as tears, saliva, and mucus.

Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells

Damage to the liver might impair enzymatic degradation of some hormones. The levels of such hormones in the blood would therefore be expected to

increase: receptor down regulation

inflamed tissue feels warm due to

increased blood flow and increased metabolic activity

The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are

ingested or inhaled

which fluid does lymph most closely resemble

interstitial fluid

which are characteristics of type Rh negative blood

is inherited independent if the ABO group, only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies by present

hormone erthropoietin stimulates red blood cell production in the red bone marrow. where in the body is erythropoietin produced

kidney

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes

lack a nucleus and organelles

a lymphatic capillary that picks up dietary lipids in the small intestines are called

lacteal

an acute infection in the blood would show up as

leukocytosis

old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the

liver and spleen

platelets are formed from what type of cell

megakaryocytes

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has

more widespread and long-lasting effects

The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n)

neutrophil

the type of white blood cell that is often first to arrive at the cite if an infection is

neutrophil

which of the following white blood cells is capable of phagocytosis

neutrophil

lymphatic capillaries

originate as closed-ended tubes associated with blood capillary networks.

Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone?

ovaries and testes

When a chemical messenger helps initiate an inflammatory response by causing cellular changes in neighboring cells, it is demonstrating ___________ signaling.

paracrine

most of the volume of human blood is composed of

plasma

the buffy coat in a centrifuged blood sample is composed of

platelets and leukocytes

In terms of their chemical structure, cytokines are _______; their function is to serve as _________.

proteins; chemical messengers

which is not drained by the right lymphatic ducts

right side of abdomen

antigens are

something that an antibody or T-lymphocyte binds to.

vaccines are effective because they

stimulate the development of immunologic memory.

the release of hormones from the adrenal medulla is stimulated by

sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another hormone on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be

synergistic

The binding of a hormone and a carrier protein is _______; a very ______ fraction of such a hormone in the blood is bound to a carrier at any one point in time.

temporary; large

the half-life of a hormone is

the time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted.

which of the following statements about erythrocytes is correct

they lack a nucleus

which of the following blood cells play an important role in blood clotting

thrombocytes

Reduced hormone concentration in the blood often causes target cells to

up-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity.

protein hormones are

water soluble

which if the following is paired incorrectly regarding the adrenal gland

zona reticularis, cortisol