Anatomy 205 oral #1

What's the purpose of the Nervous System ?

A regulatory system that controls body movement, responds to sensory stimuli, and helps control all other systems of the body. Also responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory.

Abdominal

Abdomen, region inferior to the thorax (chest) and superior to the hip bones

What Kingdom are humans in?

Animalia

Popliteal fossa

Area posterior to the knee

Brachium

Arm (the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow)

Dorsal

At the back side of the human body The spinal cord is on the dorsal side of the body.

Ventral

At the belly side of the human body The umbilicus (navel, belly button) is on the ventral side of the body.

Cranial

At the head end The head is cranial to the trunk.

Caudal

At the rear or tail end The abdomen is caudal to the head.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body The arms are lateral to the heart.

Why is the anatomic position so important?

Because it helps provide a reference point for parts of the body, also helps reference the many planes of the body

Mammary

Breast

What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?

Cellular Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

Thoracic

Chest or thorax

What makes humans chordates?

Chordates have a Hollow, dorsal nerve cord. A notochord, Pharyngeal pouches, and a post-anal tail.

Inferior

Closer to the feet The stomach is inferior to the heart.

Superior

Closer to the head The chest is superior to the pelvis

What's the purpose of the Endocrine System?

Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, and reproductive functions.

What's the purpose of the Cardiovascular System?

Consists of the heart (a pump), blood, and blood vessels; the heart moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases, and pick up waste products.

What gives an organ the title of organ?

Contains two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions and does a specific task

What cavity is the brain in?

Cranial cavity

What are the four types of tissues

Epethilial connective Muscle nervous

What's the purpose of the Urinary System?

Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body.

Antebrachial

Forearm (the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist)

Distal

Furthest from point of attachment to trunk The wrist is distal to the elbow

What hangs over the muscle like an apron? What's its purpose?

Greater Omentum, its purpose is to store fat and create a beer belly

Manus and Digital

Hand and Fingers or toes (also called phalangeal)

What family are humans in?

Hominidae

What genus are humans in?

Homo

Posterior

In back of; toward the back surface The heart is posterior to the sternum.

Anterior

In front of; toward the front surface The stomach is anterior to the spinal cord.

Abdominopelvic Cavity - Pelvic Cavity

Inferior to horizontal plane, contains distal part of intestines, the remainder of ureters, bladder, and repro organs

KPCOFGS

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Patellar

Kneecap

Ventral - Thoracic - Mediastinum Cavity

Located in median space in the thoracic cavity, Contains heart, thymus, esophagus, tracheas, blood vessels for heart.

Ventral - Thoracic - Mediastinum -Pericardial Cavity

Located in the mediastinum, encloses the heart in a two layer serious membrane called Pericardium

What class are humans in?

Mammalia

What makes us mammals?

Mammals have hair at some point in their life cycle and have mammary glands

What's the purpose of the Digestive System?

Mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.

Cervical

Neck

Superficial

On the outside The external edge of the kidney is superficial to its internal structure.

Common characteristics of organisms

Organization, Metabolism, Growth, development, responsiveness, regulation, and Reproduction

What is the appendicular and what is it composed of?

Our limbs, or appendages, attach to the body's axis and make up the appendicular (ap′en-dik′¯u-lăr) region. The appendicular region is one of the two main regions the body is composed of

Sacral

Posterior region between the hip bones

What order are humans in?

Primates

What's the purpose of the Muscular System?

Produces body movement, generates heat when muscles contract.

What's the purpose of the Female Reproductive System?

Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and female hormones (e.g., estrogen and progesterone), receives sperm from male, site of fertilization of oocyte, site of growth and development of embryo and fetus.

What's the purpose of the Male Reproductive System?

Produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (e.g., testosterone), transfers sperm to the female

What's the purpose of the Integumentary System?

Provides protection, regulates body temperature, site of cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, prevents water loss.

What's the purpose of the skeletal system?

Provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis (blood cell production), stores calcium and phosphorus, provides sites for muscle attachments.

Antecubital

Region anterior to the elbow; also known as the cubital region

What's the purpose of the Respiratory System?

Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs.

What species are humans in?

Sapiens

What are all the organ systems?

Skeletal System Muscular System Integumentary System Endocrine System Nervous System Cardiovascular System Respiratory System Lymphatic System Digestive System Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System Urinary System

What is a body cavity?

Spaces where organs are housed

Vertebral

Spinal Column

Abdominopelvic Cavity -Abdominal Cavity

Superior to Horizontal plane, level superior to hip bones, contains digestive organs along with kidneys and most ureters

What muscle separates the the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

The diaphragm

What is Auscultation?

The process of going deeper in an examination through the use of a device such as a stethoscope

What are the organs housed in the right/left hypochondriac region?

The right hypochondriac region typically contains part of the liver, the gallbladder, and part of the right kidney; the left hypochondriac region typically contains part of the stomach, the spleen, the left colic flexure of the large intestine, and part of the left kidney.

What are the organs housed in thee right/left iliac region?

The right iliac region typically contains the inferior end of the cecum, the appendix, and part of the small intestine; the left iliac region contains the junction of parts of the colon as well as part of the small intestine.

What are the organs housed in the right/left lumbar region?

The right lumbar region typically contains the ascending colon and the right colic flexure of the large intestine, the superior part of the cecum, part of the right kidney, and part of the small intestine; the left lumbar region contains the descending colon, part of the left kidney, and part of the small intestine.

What are the two layers that most membranes have?

The visceral (closest to organ) and the parietal (furthest from organ), their purpose is for friction control

Ventral - Thoracic- To Right and Left Sides of Thoracic - Pleural

They surround two lungs, have Parietal and Visceral layer membranes

Femoral

Thigh

What is the purpose of the mesentary membrane?

To attach from the posterior wall to the intestines in order to hold them in place

What is the purpose of the nervous tissue?

To communicate to other parts of the body

Medial

Toward the midline of the body The lungs are medial to the shoulders.

Rostral

Toward the nose The frontal lobe is rostral to the occipital lobe.

What's the purpose of the Lymphatic System?

Transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid transported through lymph vessels) and initiates an immune response when necessary.

transverse plane

also called a cross-sectional plane or horizontal plane, cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ. The body or organ is separated into both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts, and the relationship of neighboring organs at a particular level is revealed. Computed tomography (CT) scans provide transverse sectional images of the body for study

coronal (korone = crown) plane

also called a frontal plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. When a coronal plane is taken through the trunk, the anterior portion contains the chest, and the posterior portion contains the back.

pubic

anterior region of the pelvis

What is a palpation?

are ways of checking the body by touch

Axillary

armpit

Gluteal

buttock

What Phylum are humans in?

chordata

Inside the Ventral Cavity - Thoracic Cavity

contains three cavities- Mediastinum, Pericardial, pleural

What is the purpose of the connective tissue?

diverse, includes connecting tissues such as tendons or bone tissue or even blood tissue. Protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organ

The axial region includes what and is divided into how many regions?

includes the head, neck, and trunk; it forms the main vertical axis of the body and is divided into two parts, the posterior aspect and the ventral cavity.

What is the purpose of the epethilial tissue?

its purpose is to cover and line

lumbar

lower back, relating to the loins, or the part of the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis

midsagittal plane

median plane, extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves. A plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either to the left or right of it, is termed a sagittal plane. Thus, a sagittal plane divides a structure into right and left portions that may or may not be equal. Although there is only one midsagittal plane, an infinite number of sagittal planes are possible. A midsagittal or sagittal plane is often used to show internal body parts, especially in the head and thoracic organs.

What is the purpose of the muscle tissue?

movement, only tissue capable of that

Plantar

sole of the foot

Sternal

sternum, anterior middle region of the thorax

cytology

study of cells

Ventral -Abdominopelvic cavity

subdivision of the ventral cavity, separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm

what is a Reflex-response test

test used to check for certain responses from the body, done by tapping on specific parts

What is percussion?

the tapping on the body in order to search for the residence of organs, often used to check internal situations

Proximal

to point of attachment to trunk The elbow is proximal to the hand.

Relative

to the midline or center of the body

What are the organs housed in the epigasric region?

typically contains part of the liver, part of the stomach, the duodenum, part of the pancreas, and both adrenal glands.

What are the organs housed in the hypogastric region?

typically contains part of the small intestine, the urinary bladder, and the sigmoid colon of the large intestine

What are the organs housed in the umbilical region?

typically contains the transverse colon (middle part), part of the small intestine, and the branches of the blood vessels to the lower limbs.