Anatomy 5: Vertebral column

there are ______ lumbar vertebrae

5

there are _____ cervical vertebrae

7

________ body is oval shaped

L1 vertebral

__ is also the largest of all the moveable vertebrae

L5

_________ body is triangular shaped

L5 vertebral

The _____ of the sacrum is the tapering at the end of the sacrum and articulates with the coccyx.

apex

The _________ of these vertebrae are curved so that they interlock the vertebra, which effectively prevents rotation of the lumbar spine.

articular facets

The___________ are near the junction of the pedicle and the lamina.

articular processes (facets or zygopophyseal joints)

T10 has only one ______ part on its body and part on its pedicle.

costal facet

The cervical vertebrae C2 (axis) has a ____ which is held against the anterior arch of C1 by the transverse ligament.

dens

are the shock absorbers of the spine and again vary in thickness and size (largest in the lumbar spine).

discs

the two pedicles are joined by the

lamina

The ________ is the fusion of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae.

lateral crest

Sometimes there can be 6 lumbar vertebra which is called

lumbarization

osteoporosis, hyperkyphosis, hyperlordosis and scoliosis are

main pathologies that can cause curvatures in the spine

the _________ located on the posterior surface of the superior articulating processes (attachment for the multifidus and deep muscles of the back)

mamillary processes

The central ridge is called the ________ and is the fusion of the superior 3 or 4 spinous processes of the sacrum

median crest

The__________ are considered typical

middle four thoracic vertebrae (T5 - T8)

The Lumbar vertebrae are ______ than the thoracic vertebrae to support and distribute greater weight.

more massive

the core of intervertebral discs are called the

nucleus pulposis

The superior and inferior facets of C1 lie on the lateral masses and the superior facets are large to articulate with the

occipital condyles.

On the dorsal surface of the sacrum are typically four pairs of sacral foramen for the purpose of an exit route for the __________

spinal nerves.

The _________ are designed for muscle and ligament attachments to act as levers for movement of the vertebral column.

spinous and transverse processes

The ________ of C1 is replaced by a posterior tubercle.

spinous process

there are ______ thoracic vertebrae

12

The first coccygeal vertebrae may not fuse with the other coccyx vertebrae and it has _________

2 transverse processes.

There are ___ intervertebral discs in a normal adult spine

23

The cervical vertebra_______ has no body. It consists of two lateral masses united by an anterior and posterior arch.

C1 (atlas)

The cervical vertebra____ spinous process is long and non bifid. The transverse foramen is not always present and if it is present, will only transmit veins.

C7

___ has no spinous process.

S5

___ has one costal facet for head of the 1st rib and a demifacet for the 2nd rib.

T1

______ have one costal facet located on their pedicles.

T11 and T12

The _________ (which provide for muscle attachments) of the lumbar spine facilitate flexion, extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column. These processes are located on the dorsal surface of the transverse processes.

accessory processes

the periphery of intervertebral discs are called the

annulus fibrosis

The thoracic and sacral curves are concave

anteriorly

The lateral sides of the sacrum are called the _______ because of its shape. This surface is the site of the synovial part of the sacroiliac joint located between the sacrum and ilium.

auricular surface

the _____of the sacrum is formed by the superior surface of S1 vertebra

base

The sacral canal is a continuation of the vertebral canal and contains nerve roots of the _________

cauda equina.

_______ is pain in the coccygeal region that is usually felt when sitting

coccydynia

The _____ is a small triangular bone formed by 3-5 vertebrae.

coccyx

The pelvic surface of the sacrum is _______ and contains four transverse lines that indicates fusion of the sacral vertebrae

concave

The dorsal surface of the sacrum is rough and ______ and marked by five prominent longitudinal ridges

convex

The___________ are atypical; they may have features of lumbar vertebrae and possess mamillary, accessory and lateral tubercles.

inferior four (T9 - T12)

The _________ are formed by the superior vertebral notch of one pedicle and the inferior vertebral notch of the pedicle, of the same vertebrae

intervertebral foramen

The vertebral arch is connected to the body by the

pedicles

The transverse processes have ____________ which serve as muscle attachments

posterior tubercles

the cervical and lumbar curves are concave posteriorly

posteriorly

sometimes there can be 4 lumbar vertebrae is called

sacralization

The______ provides strength and stability to the pelvis and transmits weight to the pelvic girdle.

sacrum

The transverse processes have __________ which transmit the vertebral arteries, veins and sympathetic nerve plexus.

transverse foramen

All twelve vertebrae articulate with the ribs. Each__________ is grooved on the anterolateral surface of its tip for articulation with the tubercle of the corresponding rib.

transverse process

C3-C6 have all the properties of typical vertebrae. The bodies are concave from side to side and the lateral margins project upwards to articulate with the infero-lateral margins of the body above called the

uncinate processes

The body of a vertebra functions is to bear weight and the__________ functions, to protect neural tissues.

vertebral arch

Typical vertebrae are composed of a ________ posteriorly

vertebral arch

Typical vertebrae are composed of a ________ anteriorly

vertebral body

The arch encloses an aperture called the vertebral foramen, which form the ________ for the spinal cord

vertebral canal

The ________ is the main part of the axial skeleton.

vertebral column