Anatomy & Phys. 1 Chapter 2
Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary
Adenine and Thymine
Which of the following choices describes the structure of a nucleotide found in DNA?
Deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen-containing base, phosphate group
Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ___ bonds between carbon atoms
Double
The movement of ions across plasma membranes is an example of
Electrical energy
Ionic bonds are formed when these subatomic particles are completely transferred from one atom to another atom.
Electron
Atoms share these subatomic particles equally in nonpolar covalent molecules.
Electrons
Atoms share these subatomic particles when they combine to form molecules.
Electrons
Atoms that lose or gain these subatomic particles are known as ions
Electrons
The atomc mass does not include these subatomic particles in the calculation
Electrons
The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the
Electrons
Bonds are both made and broken in these reactions
Exchange reactions
Atoms that have lost or gained electrons during bonding are known as isotopes
False
Carbohydrates are classified as inorganic compounds
False
Enzymes are carbohydrates
False
Enzymes are highly specialized proteins, that recognize, bind with, and inactivate bacteria, toxins, and some viruses
False
Inactive or store energy is called kinetic energy
False
Saturated fats exist as liquids and are derived from plants
False
Collagen and keratin are examples of
Fibrous proteins
Also known as functional proteins
Globular proteins
Antibodies, some hormones, and enzynes are examples of
Globular proteins
Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar
Glucose
Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues?
Glycogen
Water absorbs and releases large amount of energy before changing temperature, a characteristic known as ____
High heat capacity
Which of the properties of water is most closely associated with the body's ability to maintain a relatively constant internal temperature?
High heat capacity
An acid is a molecule that releases (donates)
Hydroxyl ions
Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?
Increased Temperature
The major function of patassium is to
Influence the pH of body fluids
What type of chemical bond is pictured in the figure?
Ionic bond
What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another?
Ionic bond`
Atoms that have lost or gained electrons are known as
Ions
Which statement best describes energy?
It does not have mass or occupy space
Which of the following statements about ATP is false?
Its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds
Anything that has mass and takes up space is considered to be
Matter
A solution with a pH of 7 is
Neutral
Along with protons, these subatomic particles are situated in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have varying numbers of these subatomic particles.
Neutron
Atomic number is based on the number of these subatomic particles in an atom of a particular element.
Proton
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of ____ an atom contains
Protons
What subatomic particle or particles have a mass of 1, a charge of +1, and are located in the nucleus of the atom?
Protons
Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of ____ in an atom.
Protons and neutrons
The atomic number of an atom reveals the number of
Protons in the atomic nucleus
Which of these is an example of kinetic energy?
Skeletal muscles contracting as a person lifts weights
In our body, many sals dissociate into their ions. Which ions are essentioal for nerve impulses?
Sodium and Potassium
Which of these enzymes catalyzes the breakdown of sucrose into glocuse and fructose?
Sucrase
Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for
Surface tension
Amino acids join together to form proteins
Synthesis reaction
The reaction sucrose + water ---> glucose + fructose is an example of a
Synthesis reaction
The growth of cells and repair of worn-out tissues is accomplished by ____
Synthesis reactions
The ability of water to absorb heat and thus buffer changes in temperature is important for
Temperature Homeostasis
Which letter represents a carbohydrate polymer?
The chain
What does the molecular formula CO2 mean?
The molecule contains one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen.
What occurs when acid is added to a solution with a pH of 7
The pH drops below 7
Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid?
The solution with a pH of 10.1
Which letter represents a globular protein in its tertiary structure?
The swirly oen
The building blocks of a triglyceride are
Three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule
The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ____
Thymine
Which organic molecule or molecules are found in subcutaneous tissues and around organs, and are the major source of stored energy in the body?
Triglycerides
Acids are defined as proton donors since they release hydrogen atoms
True
Enzymes are biological catalysts
True
Hydrogen bonds are very strong bonds that hold together water molecules
True
In a neutral atom the number of protons in an atom equal the atomic number for that element
True
Saturated fats exist as solids at room temperature
True
The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions present in a solution
True
Water is the single most abundant inorganic compoun in the human body
True
If an atom has 7 electrons in its valence shell, then gains one electron in order to become stable, it will then be called a(n)
cation
What determines the chemical behavior of an atom?
electrons in the valence shell
Isotopes have different numbers of____; thus they also have different _____.
neutrons; atomic masses
A solution with a pH of 11 is ____ times more basic than a solution with a pH of 8
1000
An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is
14
What is the number of neutrons in an atom with atomic mass of 35, three energy levels and 7 valence electrons?
18
Shell 1 of an atom can hold a max of ___ electrons
2
A neutral atom with an atomic number of 14 will have _____ electrons in its valence shell`
4
Why are salts reffered to as electrolytes?
After salts dissolve in a solution, the resulting ions can conduct an electrical current
The building block os proteins are
Amino Acids
The hydrolysis of proteins produces these building blocks
Amino Acids
Statement that best describes an element?
An element is formed when two atoms of the same kind are bonded together.
What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
An ionic bond
An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. It is known as an
Anion
Elements are composed of building blocks known as
Atoms
What is the most accurate description of C6H12O6?
C6H12O6 is a compound
A nucleuotide of DNA contain three components: _____, ______, _____
Deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen-containing base, phosphate group
An organic molecule that functions as a structural molecule in plants, but cannot be digested by a human is
Cellulose
The most common steroid is
Cholesterol
What is the main tupe of lipid found in cellular membranes?
Cholesterol
A molecule of methane, CH4, is known specifically as a(n)
Compound
Identify the nucleic acid
DNA
Digestion of food
Decomposition reaction
Glycogen is broken down to release glucose subunits.
Decomposition reaction
What type of chemical recation is used by liver cells when sunthesizing glycogen from glucose?
Decomposition reaction
DNA, RNA, and ATP are examples of
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides are the building block for this organic compound group
Nucleic Acids
The complex one represents a nucleic acid building block known as a
Nucleotide
Which of these is a polar covalent bond?
O--H
Compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectivelt termed ____ compounds
Organic
Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called
Polysaccharides
Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared
Unequally between atoms
Which nitrogen-containing base is found only in RNA?
Uracil
An atom's outermost shell is known as its ____ shell
Valence
Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound?
Water
In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units _____
Water molecules must be added to each bond