Anatomy & Physiology 1: Exam 1

The subcutaneous layer is also known as

hypodermis

Sutures (stitches) are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury?

laceration

Which statements are true?

1, 2, 3, 4

Which area stores approximately half of the body's lipid, secures the skin to underlying structures and consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue?

E

Which epithelial tissue lines the ducts of sweat glands and oil glands?

Stratified cuboidal epithelial

In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows a muscle tissue that is under involuntary control?

A and C

Choose the following statements that describe keratin

1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein 3. Keratin helps protect the skin

In the diagram shown below, where would cilia be present?

A

Which area in the diagram is the epidermis?

B

Name and briefly describe the different categories of epithelial tissues based on cell shape and number of layers of cells found in the tissue.

Based on cell shape, epithelial tissues can be divided into four categories including: 1)squamous which are thin and flat, 2)cuboidal which are similar in width and height, 3)columnar are taller than they are wide and 4)transitional which can change shape from cuboidal to squamous and back again. Epithelial tissues can also be categorized based on the number of layers of cells found in the tissue. These categories include: 1)simple which means a single layer of cells, 2)stratified which is two or more layers of cells and 3)pseudostratified which is one layer of cells that appears multi-layered due to the arrangement of the nuclei in the cells.

How do nutrients reach the epidermis?

By diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

In the figure shown, which light micrograph contains autorhythmic cells?

C

__________ membrane lines structures that open to the outside of the body. Composed of stratified squamous, nonciliated simple columnar and ciliated pseudostratified columnar.

Cutaneous

__________ membrane protects against external factors. Composed of keratinized stratified squamous.

Cutaneous

Which structure in the figure produces a pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV radiation?

D

The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of

Fibrocartilage

what connective tissue is replaced by bone in the epiphyseal plates

Hyline cartilage

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

In which area would transitional epithelial cells be found?

Lining of the urinary bladder

D is an image of __________tissue.

Neuron

A single layer of flattened, scale-like epithelial tissue would be classified as _______ _______ epithelium.

Simple squamous,

Compare an contrast the functional and structural characteristics of the three types of muscle tissue.

Skeletal muscle is striated and its function is voluntary motion. Cardiac muscle is involuntary and it has branches with striated fibers and intercalated discs. It pumps blood in the body. Smooth muscle is not striated and is involuntary and its function is motion in blood vessels, airways, GT, and urinary tract.

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.

Stratum basale

Which structures found in the skin plays as important role in thermoregulation?

Sweat glands

List and briefly describe the major functions of skin.

The major function of skin is protection, excretion and absorption, synthesizes vitamin D, and regulates body temperature

Which statement best describes why the diagram represents thick skin? choose the best answer?

Thick skin contains five stratums

Describe the major differences between thin skin and thick skin. Compare structural and functional differences in thin and thick skin.

Thick skin have five strata; and it is in your palms of your hands and in the soles of your feet; 0.5 mm. Thin skin are like eyelids, and only use 3 or 4 of the strata but not stratum lucidum

Electrical signal called_______travel along the plasma membrane of a neuron and stimulate the release of chemical called____that are then used to communicate with other cells.

action potentials; neurotransmitters

These types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile activities.

adherens and desmosome

An individual that becomes sedentary due to an ACL operation, will experience muscle____due to lack of physical activity.

atrophy

Functional classification of exocrine glands is based on

how the gland release its secretory product.

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis.

corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

A pair of scissors slips while you are cutting paper. You slice through your palm and blood appears. What is the order of the skin you cut from superficial to deep.

corneum, ludicum. granulosum, spinosum, basale, dermis

Which area is the papillary region of the dermis

d

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the

dermis

Nutrients reach the epidermis by

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the

eperdermis

The __________component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions to support and bind cells in the tissue together?

ground substance

Support electrical excitable cells found in the nervous system?

neuroglial cells

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of

protein fibers and ground substance

_______membrane reduces friction but does not contain glands. Composed of simple squamous.

serous

Which membrane reduces friction between organs

serous membrane

Which epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin?

stratified squamous epithelial

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the

stratum basale