Anatomy and Physiology Ch 25 Metabolism

Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for A) glycogen synthesis. B) muscle contraction. C) ion transport. D) protein synthesis. E) All of the answers are correct.

All

During glycolysis A) a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid. B) four molecules of ATP are produced. C) hydrogen atoms are removed from organic molecules. D) two molecules of ATP are consumed. E) All of the answers are correct.

All

Most of the ATP from metabolism is produced in the A) citric acid cycle. B) glycolysis. C) cytosol. D) mitochondrial matrix. E) Electron Transport System.

electron transport system

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are A) fats. B) carbohydrates. C) vitamins. D) proteins. E) nucleic acids.

fats

Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ________ yields energy the quickest. A) protein B) glycogen C) an amino acid D) glucose E) fat

glucose

A high uric acid level (above 7.4 mg/dl) can lead to the painful condition known as A) anorexia nervosa. B) lupus. C) gout. D) ketosis. E) rheumatoid arthritis

gout

Which of the following complements the actions of glucocorticoids? A) epinephrine B) growth hormone C) glucagon D) androgens E) insulin

growth hormones

The condition when excessive fluid loss from sweating disrupts thermoregulatory mechanisms is known as A) hydrosis. B) thermoneogenesis. C) heat stroke. D) hypothermia. E) heat exhaustion.

heat exhaustion

Sometimes called "good cholesterol," ________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. A) intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) B) low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) C) high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) D) very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) E) very-high-density lipoproteins (VHDLs)

high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

An element that is a component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes is A) zinc. B) magnesium. C) iron. D) calcium. E) cobalt.

iron

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called A) catabolism. B) oxidative phosphorylation. C) metabolism. D) anabolism. E) glycolysis.

metabolism

An ion that is a necessary component of high-energy compounds and nucleic acids and a structural component of bone is the ________ ion. A) chloride B) bicarbonate C) sulfate D) iodide E) phosphate

phosphate

Factors that influence an individual's BMR (basal metabolic rate) include all of the following, except A) age. B) physical exertion. C) genetics. D) gender. E) body weight.

physical exertion

When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the A) starvation state. B) absorptive state. C) preabsorptive state. D) deprivation state. E) postabsorptive state.

postabsorptive state

The major cation in cytoplasm is A) sodium. B) iron. C) calcium. D) magnesium. E) potassium.

potassium

Catabolism of protein is not a practical source of quick energy because of all of the following, except that A) most individuals have little protein to spare before harming vital organs. B) extensive catabolism of protein threatens homeostasis. C) the energy yield from protein is less than the yield from lipids. D) proteins are more difficult to break apart than lipids or carbohydrates. E) one of the by-products of protein catabolism is ammonia.

most individuals have little protein to spare before harming vital organs

During starvation A) there is a decline in circulating ketone bodies. B) gluconeogenesis ceases. C) carbohydrate reserves maintained by metabolizing inorganic compounds. D) carbohydrate utilization increases. E) muscle proteins are used as an energy source.

muscle proteins are used as an energy source

In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose that is catabolized gives a net yield of how many molecules of ATP? A) 4 B) 38 C) 2 D) 30 E) 36

2

How many net ATP molecules are produced by the complete metabolism (all pathways) of one glucose molecule? A)63 ATP B)2 ATP C)36 ATP D)500 ATP E)32 ATP

36 ATP

What percent of energy released from catabolism is lost as heat? A) 50 B) 40 C) 60 D) 30 E) 20

60

For adults there are ________ essential amino acids. A) 8 B) 6 C) 10 D) 2 E) 20

8

Cells must synthesize new organic compounds A) to produce secretions. B) to store nutrient reserves. C) to support growth. D) to perform structural maintenance or repairs. E) All of the answers are correct.

All

Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes. After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe A) decreased blood glucose level. B) decreased blood pH. C) elevated levels of glucocorticoids. D) ketone bodies in his urine. E) All of the answers are correct.

All

n the human body, cholesterol is important because it A) is the precursor of several steroid hormones and vitamin D3. B) helps waterproof the epidermis. C) is a lipid component of all cell membranes. D) is a key constituent of bile. E) All of the answers are correct.

All

The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is vitamin A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) E.

D

Reactions within ________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell. A) nucleus B) the plasma membrane C) the endoplasmic reticulum D) the mitochondria E) cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Assuming they all weigh the same and maintain the same body temperature, which of the following would lose heat the fastest? A) a person of average build B) a short, thickly built person C) a tall, very slender person

a tall, very selnder person

Which of the following statements regarding brown fat is false? A) Brown fat contains a rich vascular supply. B) Brown fat is concentrated around visceral organs in the adult. C) Brown fat is found in infants. D) Brown fat is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. E) Brown fat functions in nonshivering thermogenesis.

brown fat is found in infants

A cation that is essential for muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting is A) selenium. B) calcium. C) magnesium. D) sodium. E) potassium

calcium

The end products of aerobic respiration are A) pyruvic acid and carbon dioxide. B) carbon dioxide and alcohol. C) oxygen and water. D) carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP). E) NADH and FADH2.

carbon dioxide, water, energy

The major anion in body fluids is A) bicarbonate. B) iodide. C) chloride. D) sulfate.

chloride

he lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are A) HDLs. B) coenzymes. C) chylomicrons. D) VLDLs. E) LDLs.

chylomicrons

The trace element needed for hemoglobin synthesis is A) zinc. B) silicon. C) copper. D) iodine. E) cobalt.

copper

All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state, except that A) fat mobilization occurs. B) glycogenolysis occurs in the liver. C) levels of blood glucose are elevated. D) gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver. E) ketone bodies may be formed.

levels of blood glucose are elevated

The essential fatty acids are A) glycerol and pyruvic acid. B) cholesterol and glycerol. C) HDLs and LDLs. D) linoleic acid and linolenic acid. E) leucine and lysine.

linoleic acid and linolenic acid

Urea is formed in the A) small intestine. B) liver. C) kidneys. D) stomach. E) large intestine.

liver

A vitamin obtained from meat that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is A) folic acid (folate). B) niacin. C) pyridoxine (B6). D) pantothenic acid. E) riboflavin.

pyridoxine (B6)

The loss of infrared energy from the body is called A) conduction. B) thermal regulation. C) radiation. D) evaporation. E) convection.

radiation

The major cation in extracellular fluid is A) iron. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) sodium. E) magnesium.

sodium

During the absorptive state, A) insulin levels are low. B) skeletal muscle breaks down glycogen. C) the liver forms glycogen. D) adipocytes release fatty acids to the circulation. E) skeletal muscle fibers release glucose.

the liver forms glycogen

The vitamin whose deficiency causes beriberi is A) folic acid (folate). B) cobalamin. C) thiamine. D) niacin. E) riboflavin.

thiamine

In order to determine the LDL level in a patient's blood it is necessary to measure 16) triglyceride level. B) triglyceride and monoglyceride levels. C) total cholesterol level. D) HDL level. E) total cholesterol level, HDL level, and triglyceride level.

total cholesterol level, HDL level, triglyceride level

During lipolysis A) triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl-CoA. B) lipids are metabolized to yield A TP. C) lipids are converted into glucose molecules. D) lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates. E) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.

triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids

The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces A) water. B) nitrate. C) ketone bodies. D) urea. E) acetyl-CoA

urea

Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of A) vitamin A. B) niacin. C) riboflavin. D) vitamin C. E) vitamin B12.

vitamin A

he element that is necessary for the proper function of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase is A) cobalt. B) iodine. C) selenium. D) iron. E) zinc

zinc