Anatomy & Physiology: Ch.19 Lecture Quiz #4

Put the life cycle of an erythrocyte in order, beginning with their formation in red bone marrow. 1. Erythrocytes circulate for 120 days in the bloodstream. 2. Hemoglobin is converted to biliverdin. 3. Erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen. 4. Erythrocytes form in red bone marrow.

2, 4, 3, 1

Match the plasma protein with its description. 4. Includes enzymes and hormones; <1% of plasma proteins 1. Smallest; about 58% of total plasma proteins 2. Helps in blood clotting; about 4% of plasma proteins 3. Makes up about 37% of all plasma proteins

4. Regulatory proteins 1. Albumin 2. Fibrinogen 3. Globulins

Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.

Blood is a type of connective tissue that can be described based on its physical characteristics. • Volume: The average volume of blood in a male adult is 5 to 6 L. A female adult has an average blood volume of 4 to 5 L. • Color: The color of blood depends upon whether it is oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor. Oxygen-rich blood is bright red. Contrary to popular belief, oxygen-poor blood is not blue; rather, oxygen-poor blood is dark red.

Platelets are roughly the same size as erythrocytes, and like erythrocytes, they eject their nucleus just before entering circulation.

False

The biconcave structure of an erythrocyte is shaped to better accommodate the crystalline structure of hemoglobin.

False

Volume: The average volume of blood in a ________ adult is 5 to 6 L. A ________ adult has an average blood volume of 4 to 5 L.

Male, Female

Match the blood type with the description. 1. Erythrocytes have surface antigen B 2. Erythrocytes have neither surface antigen A nor B 3. Erythrocytes have surface antigen A 4. Erythrocytes have surface antigens A and B

Type A Blood: 3 Type B Blood: 1 Type AB Blood: 4 Type O Blood: 2

Complete the sentences about the WBC life cycle.

WHITE blood cells are responsible for the defense system in the body. There are approximately 5 to 10 THOUSAND white blood cells per microliter of blood. Like red blood cells, the white blood cells are formed from the stem cells of the BONE MARROW. The typical WBC has a lifespan of a couple of DAYS.

Two of the hemoglobin chains are _____ and two are _____ proteins

alpha; beta

Color: The color of blood depends upon whether it is oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor. Oxygen-rich blood is ____________. Contrary to popular belief, oxygen-poor blood is not _______; rather, oxygen-poor blood is ________.

bright red, blue, dark red

Blood is a type of ____________ tissue that can be described based on its physical characteristics.

connective

The structure of hemoglobin consists of _____ chains

four

Each of the protein chains are conjugated to a nonprotein ______ group.

heme

This=group contains an _____ ion in the center.

iron

Platelets make up ________ of formed elements with a concentration between 150,000 and 400,000 per cubic millimeter. The production of platelets is called _______________. From the myeloid stem cell, a committed cell called a _____________ is produced. It matures under the influence of the hormone ____________ to form a ________________. These cells have a large size and a dense, multi-lobed nucleus. Each of these large cells produce long extensions from themselves called _____________. While still attached, these extensions pass through the blood vessel wall in the red bone marrow. The force from blood flow "slices" these extensions into _________.

less than 1%; thrombopoiesis; megakaryoblast; thrombopoietin; megakaryocyte; proplatelets; platelets

Viscosity: blood is about 4 to 5 times _______viscous than water. Viscosity of blood depends upon the amount of dissolved substances in the blood relative to the amount of fluid. Viscosity is ______________ if the amount of substances increases, the amount of fluid decreases, or both.

more, increased

Platelets are irregular-shaped, membrane-enclosed cellular fragments that do not contain a __________. Platelets are sometimes called _________. Platelets are continually produced in the ____________________ by _______________. They serve an important function in _______________________. Normally, the concentration of platelets in an adult ranges from _________________, although the count may rise further during times of stress. Platelets can circulate in the blood for _________________, unless they are needed earlier for blood clotting. Approximately 30% of platelets are stored in the ____________. An abnormally small number of platelets in circulating blood is termed ______________________.

nucleus; thrombocytes; red bone marrow; megakaryocytes; hemostasis; 150,000 to about 400,000; 8 to 10 days; spleen; thrombocytopenia

This center portion will reversibly bind ____________ and carbon dioxide.

oxygen

* Plasma concentration: The relative concentration of _________ determines whether fluids move into or out of the plasma by _______ as blood is transported through capillaries. For example, when an individual is dehydrated, the plasma becomes __________ and fluid moves into the plasma from the surrounding tissues.

solutes, osmosis, hypertonic