Anatomy & Physiology - Chapter 10

The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a: a.convergent muscle. b.parallel muscle. c.fusiform muscle. d.pennate muscle

A

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the: a.sarcolemma. b.myofibril. c.sarcoplasm. d.sarcomere

A

Which of the following muscles is not involved in moving the upper part of the arm? a.Biceps brachii b.Pectoralis major c.Latissimus dorsi d.All of the above muscles are involved in moving the upper arm

A

A decrease in muscle size is termed: a.hyperplasia. b.atrophy. c.hypertrophy. d.tetanus

B

The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the: a.extensor digitorum. b.opponens pollicis. c.palmaris longus. d.flexor carpi radialis

B

Endurance training is also known as: a.isometrics. b.hypertrophy. c.aerobic training. d.strength training

C

This is muscle allows you to kiss. a.Buccinator b.Orbicularis oris c.Orbicularis oculi d.Both A and B.

D

A sarcomere is a segment of myofibril between two successive: a.Z-lines. b.A-bands. c.I-bands. d.H-bands.

A

After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein? a.Troponin b.Actin c.Myosin d.Tropomyosin

A

An aponeurosis could be described as a: a.flat sheet of connective tissue connecting muscle to other structures. b.sheath that surrounds tendons. c.deep fascia that covers muscles. d.junction between a neuron and a muscle

A

Bundles of fine fibers that extend lengthwise along muscle fibers are called: a.myofibrils. b.myofilaments. c.striae. d.sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Most body movements are: a.isotonic contractions. b.isometric contractions. c.a combination of isotonic and isometric contractions

A

Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be: a.epimysium, perimysium, endomysium. b.endomysium, perimysium, epimysium. c.perimysium, epimysium, endomysium. d.perimysium, endomysium, epimysium

A

Muscle contractions will continue as long as: a.the calcium ions are attached to the troponin. b.there is glycogen in the neuromuscular junction. c.there is ADP in the muscle cell. d.All of the above must occur

A

Skeletal muscles are innervated by: a.somatic motor neurons. b.autonomic motor neurons. c.both somatic and autonomic motor neurons. d.internal stimulation.

A

The ability of muscle cells to respond to nerve stimulus is called: a.irritability. b.contractility. c.extensibility. d.elasticity.

A

The action of the brachialis muscle is to: a.flex the forearm. b.extend the forearm. c.pronate the forearm. d.supinate the forearm

A

The protein that has receptor sites for the cross-bridges is: a.actin. b.myosin. c.troponin. d.tropomyosin

A

Thick myofilaments extend the entire length of the: a.A-band. b.Z-line. c.I-band. d.None of the above.

A

This muscle is not part of the SITS muscles. a.Supraspinatus b.Semitendinosus c.Teres minor d.Infraspinatus

A

This muscle of the forearm that flexes the forearm when it is supinated is the: a.biceps brachii. b.brachialis. c.brachioradialis. d.triceps brachii

A

This muscle opens and protrudes the jaw while making sideways chewing movements. a.Pterygoid b.Masseter c.Temporalis d.Obicularis oris

A

Which muscle(s) form(s) most of the pelvic floor? a.Levator ani b.Coccygeus c.Ischiocavernosus d.Both A and B

A

Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot? a.Sartorius b.Peroneus longus c.Tibialis anterior d.Soleus

A

Which of the following proteins found in myofilaments contains the cross-bridge heads? a.Myosin b.Actin c.Tropomyosin d.Troponin

A

Which part of the sarcomere stays almost the same size during contraction? a.A-band b.I-band c.H-band d.None of the parts of the sarcomere stays the same size during contraction.

A

A contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same but the length changes to produce movement is called a(n): a.tonic contraction. b.isotonic contraction. c.isometric contraction. d.tetanic contraction

B

Another name for a sphincter muscle is a: a.pennate muscle. b.circular muscle. c.parallel muscle. d.convergent muscle

B

During inhalation, this muscle flattens as it contracts to increase the size and volume of the thoracic cavity. a.Internal intercostals b.Diaphragm c.External intercostals d.Rectus abdominis

B

Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the: a.endomysium. b.perimysium. c.epimysium. d.aponeurosis

B

The covering of individual muscle fibers is the: a.epimysium. b.endomysium. c.periosteum. d.perimysium

B

The flexor muscles that move the hand and fingers are located on the: a.anterior surface of the hand. b.anterior medial surface of the forearm. c.posterior surface of the forearm. d.posterior surface of the hand

B

The muscle that draws the eyebrows together, producing vertical wrinkles above the nose (frowning), is called the: a.epicranius. b.corrugator supercilii. c.orbicularis oculi. d.orbicularis oris.

B

The muscle that extends and adducts the upper arm is the: a.deltoid. b.latissimus dorsi. c.trapezius. d.pectoralis minor

B

The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the: a.biceps brachii. b.triceps brachii. c.supinator. d.brachialis

B

This muscle draws the corners of the mouth up into a smile. a.Buccinator b.Zygomaticus major c.Obicularis oris d.Both A and C

B

This muscle encircles and closes the eye. a.Zygomaticus major b.Orbicularis oculi c.Orbicularis oris d.Buccinator

B

Which of the following is also known as striated muscle? a.Smooth muscle b.Skeletal muscle c.Involuntary muscle d.Visceral muscle

B

Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group? a.Rectus femoris b.Biceps femoris c.Vastus medialis d.Vastus intermedius

B

Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? a.Trapezius b.Pectoralis minor c.Levator scapulae d.Rhomboideus

B

Which of the following is not one of the major functions of muscles? a.Movement b.Protection c.Heat production d.Posture

B

Which of the following muscle is not part of the rotator cuff? a.Supraspinatus b.Pectoralis major c.Teres minor d.Subscapularis

B

Which of the following types of muscle tissue contains cells that have a single nucleus? a.Cardiac b.Smooth c.Skeletal d.Both A and B

B

Which type of muscle is responsible for peristalsis? a.Multiunit smooth muscle b.Single-unit smooth muscle c.Cardiac muscle d.Striated muscle

B

A motor unit is most correctly described as a: a.sarcomere(s) and a motor neuron. b.myofibril(s) and a motor neuron. c.muscle fiber(s) and a motor neuron. d.filament(s) and a motor neuron

C

A satellite cell in a muscle can become active: a.during isotonic contractions. b.during isometric contractions. c.after an injury to a muscle. d.when a muscle becomes fatigued

C

About this percent of the metabolic process is lost as heat rather than being used for muscle contraction. a.30% b.40% c.70% d.90%

C

All of the following are characteristics of smooth muscle except: a.there are no striations. b.there are no T-tubules. c.there are striations. d.they have poorly developed sarcomere

C

All of the following are true characteristics of an isometric contraction except: a.the muscle does not shorten. b.they can produce work by tightening to resist a force. c.movement is produced. d.the tension produced by the myosin cross-bridges cannot overcome the load placed on the muscle.

C

Attempting to pick up an object too heavy to lift would result in which type of muscle contraction? a.Isotonic b.Hypertrophic c.Isometric d.None of the above

C

Sarcolemma is: a.a system of transverse tubules that extend at a right angle to the long axis of the cell. b.a segment of the myofibril between two successive Z-lines. c.a unique name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber. d.none of the above.

C

Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight. a.10% b.25% c.50% d.75%

C

The characteristic of the muscle cell that directly causes movement is: a.excitability. b.irritability. c.contractility. d.extensibility.

C

The chief function of the T-tubules is to: a.provide nutrients to the muscle fiber. b.allow for the fiber to contract. c.allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell. d.allow for the generation of new muscle fibers.

C

The dorsal flexors of the foot include all but the following. a.Tibialis anterior b.Extensor digitorum longus c.Soleus d.All of the above muscles are dorsal flexors of the foot

C

The first event to occur in muscle relaxation is: a.tropomyosin returns to its original position. b.myosin cross-bridges are prevented from binding to actin. c.the sarcoplasmic reticulum begins actively pumping calcium back into its sacs. d.acetylcholine is released

C

The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the: a.deltoid. b.latissimus dorsi. c.trapezius. d.pectoralis minor

C

The neurotransmitter(s) secreted at the motor end plates of skeletal muscles is/are: a.dopamine. b.norepinephrine. c.acetylcholine. d.any of the above

C

The orbicularis oris muscle is an example of a: a.pennate muscle. b.parallel muscle. c.circular muscle. d.convergent muscle

C

The purpose of creatine phosphate in muscle contraction is to: a.carry oxygen. b.store calcium. c.replenish energy supply. d.rotate the cross-bridges

C

The smallest contractile unit of muscle is a: a.fiber. b.myofibril. c.sarcomere. d.myofilament.

C

The substance that attracts oxygen in the muscle is: a.hemoglobin. b.calcium. c.myoglobin. d.ATP.

C

There are more than ____ skeletal muscles in the body. a.1200 b.900 c.600 d.1000

C

When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the: a.upper arm. b.lower arm. c.thigh. d.lower leg

C

Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane? a.Rectus abdominis b.External oblique c.Transverse abdominis d.Internal intercostals

C

Which structure functions to temporarily store calcium ions? a.T-tubules b.Sarcolemma c.Sarcoplasmic reticulum d.Myofilaments

C

A muscle that assists with mastication is the: a.orbicularis oris. b.buccinator. c.platysma. d.masseter.

D

Aerobic respiration: a.allows the body to avoid the use of oxygen for a short time. b.results in the formation of pyruvate c.results in the formation of lactic acid. d.produces the maximum amount of energy available from each glucose molecule

D

Glucose can be stored in the muscle as: a.creatine phosphate. b.ATP. c.myoglobin. d.glycogen

D

Muscles located on the lower leg move the: a.thigh. b.hip. c.knee. d.foot.

D

Muscles may be named according to: a.function. b.direction of fibers. c.points of attachment. d.all of the above

D

Muscles that contract at the same time as the agonist are called: a.synergists. b.fixators. c.antagonists. d.both A and B

D

The connective tissue sheath that envelops bundles of muscle fibers is the: a.epimysium. b.endomysium. c.periosteum. d.perimysium

D

The ion necessary for cross-bridging is: a.iron. b.sodium. c.potassium. d.calcium

D

The motor end plate makes up part of the: a.Z-line. b.T-tubules. c.sarcoplasmic reticulum. d.neuromuscular junction.

D

The strength of a muscle contraction is influenced by the: a.number of fibers contracting. b.initial length of the muscle fibers. c.the position of the muscle. d.All of the above.

D

Which of the following is not a main group of muscles that move the thigh? a.Gluteals b.Thigh adductors c.Muscles crossing the front of the hip d.Quadriceps femoris group

D

Which of the following is not an end-product of the breakdown of ATP? a.An inorganic phosphate b.Energy that can be used in muscle contraction c.ADP d.All of the above are end-products of the breakdown of ATP

D

Which of the following muscles does not move the upper arm? a.Pectoralis major b.Latissimus dorsi c.Deltoid d.Trapezius

D

Which of the following muscles function(s) to protect the abdominal viscera? a.External oblique b.Internal oblique c.Transversus abdominis d.All of the above

D