Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 10 Homework

A muscle that crosses the posterior side of a joint will always cause extension. True False

False Most of the time this is correct. There are two exceptions, the knee and the ankle. These joints are reversed because of rotation during development.

Which of these muscles is visible in the figure but NOT indicated by a letter? transversus abdominis serratus anterior external oblique internal oblique

serratus anterior The serratus anterior originates on ribs I through VIII and inserts on the anterior surface of the vertebral border of the scapula. It interdigitates with the external oblique.

What is the name and origin of the muscle at A? superficial transverse perineal; ischial tuberosity ischiocavernosus; ischial tuberosities coccygeus; spine of the ischium bulbospongiosus; central tendon of perineum

ischiocavernosus; ischial tuberosities The ischiocavernosus retards venous drainage and maintains the erection of the penis or clitoris. It originates at the ischial tuberosities and inserts into the crura of the penis or clitoris.

Which letter represents the biceps brachii muscle? A B C D

A The biceps brachii is a two-headed fusiform muscle. The tendon of the long head helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.

Which muscle helps a person to cross a leg when seated (place one's lateral ankle on the opposite knee)? A B C D

B Sartorius laterally rotates and abducts the thigh, which would both be necessary in placing one ankle on the opposite knee when sitting.

Identify the gluteus maximus muscle. A B C D

B The gluteus maximus is the large muscle that defines the buttocks and is a major thigh extensor.

Which of the following letters represents the infraspinatus muscle? A B C D

B The infraspinatus muscle originates in (and is named for) the infraspinous fossa of the scapula. (Be careful that you don't confuse the words infraspinous and infraspinatus.)

Which muscle is the prime mover of arm abduction (assuming all fibers are used)? A B C D

C The deltoid muscle has three sets of fibers. If all three are activated, the arm is abducted at the shoulder.

Which muscle has a unipennate arrangement of fascicles? A B C D

C The extensor digitorum longus inserts into only one side of the tendon, giving it a unipennate arrangement.

Which muscle is innervated by the S3 nerve, S4 nerve, and the inferior rectal nerve (a branch of the pudendal nerve)? A B C D

D The levator ani muscles are innervated by several nerves including the pudendal, while the other muscles indicated are innervated by the pudendal nerve alone.

Which muscle provides a guide to the position of the radial artery at the wrist for taking the pulse? A B C D

D The radial pulse can easily be found between the tendons of flexor carpi radialis and brachioradialis.

Which muscle originates on the pubic crest and symphysis and inserts on the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs V through VII? A B C D

D The rectus abdominis originates on the pubic crest and symphysis and inserts on the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs V through VII.

Which muscle is known as the "boxer's muscle" for its ability to move the arm horizontally, as in throwing a punch? A B C D

D The serratus anterior can be used to violently pull the scapula laterally and thus pull the shoulder forward, adding strength to a horizontal punch.

What is the action of the muscle identified by the letter A? It abducts and medially rotates the thigh and steadies the pelvis. It is an extremely important muscle for walking. It is a major extensor of the thigh. It laterally rotates and abducts the thigh. It adducts the thigh and flexes and medially rotates the leg (especially during walking). The anterior part of this muscle adducts and medially rotates and flexes the thigh, while the posterior part of this muscle is a synergist of the hamstrings to extend the thigh.

It abducts and medially rotates the thigh and steadies the pelvis. It is an extremely important muscle for walking. This is the action of the gluteus medius muscle.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Which of the following statements is FALSE? The hamstrings are fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh. The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion. The hamstrings cross the hip and knee joints. The medial hamstrings promote medial knee (leg) rotation.

The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion. The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) extension, not hip flexion. They are also prime movers of knee (leg) flexion.

Which of the following statements is correct? The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be. Muscle fibers running in parallel arrangement generate more power. The more a muscle shortens, the more power it generates. Multipennate muscles do not produce much power because the fibers run in many directions.

The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be. More fibers means more power.

The anterior compartment of the thigh is involved in lower leg extension. True False

True The quadriceps group sits in the anterior compartment of the thigh. These muscles extend the lower leg.

The hamstrings consist of three muscles located on the posterior thigh. Why is it recommended that a caregiver squat using these muscles to help a patient sit down? because it forcibly flexes the caregiver's thighs because it prevents back muscle strain because it permits the patient to be farther away because it eliminates lifting belt use when moving adults

because it prevents back muscle strain

What benefit would an improved muscle tone from strengthening the quadriceps femoris muscles provide? enhanced lateral thigh abduction better-stabilized knee joint more rapid knee flexion greater control of thigh adduction

better-stabilized knee joint

Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type? triceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever trapezius action on the atlanto-occipital joint; second-class lever biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever gastrocnemius tendon at the ankle: first-class lever

biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class leaver In this case, the force is applied by the biceps brachii between the fulcrum, the elbow joint, and the load, which is the forearm.

Which muscle is represented by the letter D? semimembranosus biceps femoris gracilis semitendinosus

biceps femoris The biceps femoris is the lateral hamstring.

Which of the following muscles is shown on this image but is NOT indicated with a letter? teres major latissimus dorsi levator scapulae deltoid

deltoid The deltoid, located in the upper right hand of the image, originates at the acromion of the scapula and inserts into the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.

The muscle that divides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the __________. internal oblique transversus abdominis diaphragm psoas major

diaphragm The diaphragm subdivides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct? Antagonists counter the action of a prime mover. Synergists help agonists. Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur. Agonists are the prime movers for an action.

fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur. Fixators do hold a bone in place; however, they provide a stable base for a prime mover to create movement.

Which of the following muscles is named for its action? biceps brachii frontalis gluteus minimus levator labii superioris

levator labii superioris The levator labii superioris is named for its action of elevating the upper lip.

Muscles A through D all have an origin in common-- what is it? radial tuberosity lateral aspect of the proximal ulna medial epicondyle of humerus lateral epicondyle of humerus

medial epicondyle of humerus All of the labeled muscles share this origin, although some have additional ones. This position of origin is important so that these muscles may function properly whether the forearm is supinated or pronated.

Name the muscle at A. frontalis zygomaticus orbicularis oris orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oculi is a sphincter muscle of the eyelid that surrounds the rim of the orbit.

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY paired? pectoralis major; arm abduction trapezius; scapula rotation latissimus dorsi; medial arm rotation deltoid; arm flexion

pectoralis major; arm abduction The pectoralis major adductions the arm.

Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever? flexing your knee to raise your heel toward your buttocks lifting a rock with your right hand and arm raising your head up off your chest standing on your toes

raising your head up off your chest Raising your head up off your chest demonstrates a first-class lever. The posterior neck muscles provide the effort, the atlanto-occipital joint is the fulcrum, and the weight to be lifted is the facial skeleton.

Why is the body position of both a post-surgical patient and the caregiver critical in performing a safe patient move from bed to chair? so that surgical wound stitches are not pulled apart so that lifting leverage can be properly applied because patients are not expected to exert any effort so that the caregiver can support patient's full body weight

so lifting leverage can be properly applied

Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action? infraspinatus; abduction supraspinatus; lateral rotation subscapularis; medial rotation teres minor; adduction

subscapularis; medial rotation Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action? Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action? infraspinatus; abduction supraspinatus; lateral rotation subscapularis; medial rotation teres minor; adduction

Which of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle? teres major subscapularis infraspinatus supraspinatus

teres major Teres major is not one of the four rotator cuff muscles, which include supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. Their main function is to reinforce the capsule of the shoulder and rotate the humerus in the glenoid cavity.

Which of the following muscles does the phrenic nerve innervate? the diaphragm the external intercostals the sternocleidomastoid muscles the internal intercostals

the diaphragm The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm. The intercostal nerves innervate the intercostal muscles. The sternocleidomastoid muscles are innervated by the accessory nerves.

Which muscle is a prime mover of arm abduction? A B C D

A This muscle originates along the spine and ribs and inserts into the humerus. It is a powerful actor during chin-ups.

Which functional group has the major responsibility for countering a specific movement? antagonists synergists agonists fixators

antagonists The antagonist opposes the movement produced by the agonist. It is often responsible for returning a limb to its initial position. Antagonists also adjust the action of their agonists by contracting slightly to provide some resistance, thus helping to prevent overshooting the mark or to slow or stop the movement. Agonist/antagonist pairs are located on opposite sides of the joint across which they act.

Which of the following is a hamstring muscle? vastus lateralis rectus femoris biceps femoris vastus medialis

biceps femoris The hamstrings are fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus). They cross both the hip and knee joints and are prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion.

The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax, such as the intercostals, is to promote __________. back posture swallowing breathing vomiting

breathing The deep muscles of the thorax, like the internal and external intercostals and the diaphragm, promote movements necessary for breathing.

Which muscle acts as both a knee (leg) extensor and hip (thigh) flexor? vastus lateralis biceps femoris rectus femoris gluteus maximus

rectus femoris The quadriceps femoris (group of four muscles) is a powerful knee extensor. One of the quadriceps, rectus femoris, also acts as a hip flexor.

Which of the following are correctly matched? deltoid; at a right angle to the long axis rectus; straight transverse; parallel to the long axis brevis; long

rectus; straight Rectus means "straight."

Where are the origins of most of the muscles that move the fingers? the palm of the hand the wrist the forearm the arm

the forearm Most of the muscles that move the hand originate in the forearm and operate the fingers via their long tendons.

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles? the shape of the muscle the location of the muscle the nervous system's control of the muscle the number of origins for the muscle the locations of the muscle attachments

the nervous system's control of the muscle Whether the muscle is controlled by the involuntary or voluntary nervous system is not a criterion used for naming muscles.

Two muscles in this image, identified by the letters C and D, share a function. What is that function? to open the mouth and depress the mandible to compress the cheek to close the jaw to provide forward sliding and side-to-side grinding movements of the lower teeth

to close the jaw The muscles at C and D originate on the skull and insert on the mandible. They exert powerful forces during chewing (elevation of the mandible).

The main forearm extensor is the __________. coracobrachialis triceps brachii brachilais biceps brachii

triceps brachii The main forearm (elbow) extensor is the triceps brachii.

All of the muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus have one of two functions. Which of the following pairs is correct? wrist flexion and forearm pronation wrist flexion and supination wrist extension and forearm supination forearm flexion and wrist flexion

wrist flexion and forearm pronation All of the muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus are involved in either wrist flexion and forearm pronation.

Which of the following letters represents the sartorius muscle? A B C D

B The muscle shown at B is the sartorius muscle.

Which muscle tenses the skin of the neck and assists in depression of the mandible? A B C D

B The platysma muscle tenses the neck skin and aids in depressing the mandible. It originates in the fascia of the upper chest.

Which of the muscles indicated by letters has action at only one joint? A B D

B This muscle originates on the humerus and extends to the ulna, so it only has action at the elbow joint.

Identify the extensor digitorum longus muscle. A B C D

C The extensor digitorum longus is on the anterolateral surface of the leg; it is lateral to the tibialis anterior muscle.

Which muscle inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus? A B C D

C The infraspinatus typically originates on the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus posterior to the insertion of supraspinatus.

Which muscle would be a prime mover of knee extension? A B C D

C The muscle in C originates on the coxal bone and inserts into the patella. It is a powerful knee extensor.

Identify the palmaris longus muscle. A B C D

C This muscle inserts into the fascia of the palm and acts to tense the skin and fascia of the palm during hand movement. It is interesting that this muscle is missing in just over 10% of humans.

Identify the levator ani muscle. A B C D

D The levator ani muscle is important in the support of the pelvic organs during various activities that put stress upon it, such as coughing and vomiting.

Which muscle is the prime mover of dorsiflexion? A B C D

D The tibialis anterior is the only indicated muscle that is a prime mover of dorsiflexion.

Which muscle is an antagonist to the biceps brachii muscle? A B C D

D The triceps brachii muscle extends the forearm, while the biceps brachii flexes it, making them antagonistic.

Identify the action of the muscle at A. extend the spine compress the abdomen flex the spine twist the trunk

compress the abdomen The transversus abdominis muscles are the deepest of the abdominal wall. They compress the abdominal contents.

Which of the following are correctly matched? parallel arrangement of fascicles; characteristic of sphincter muscles pennate arrangement of fascicles; spindle-shaped muscle convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle circular arrangement of fascicles; describes the deltoid muscle

convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle A convergent muscle has a broad origin, and its fascicles converge toward a single tendon of insertion. Such a muscle is triangular or fan shaped like the pectoralis major muscle of the anterior thorax.

Which of the following muscles is named for its size? deltoid trapezius gluteus maximus sternocleidomastoid

gluteus maximus The term maximus indicates the size of this muscle; gluteus maximus is the largest of the gluteus muscles. Additionally, gluteal is the name of the region where the muscle is located.

The major head flexor muscles are the __________. scalene muscles trapezius muscles splenius muscles sternocleidomastoid muscles

sternocleidomastoid muscles The sternocleidomastoid muscles flex and laterally rotate the head. Acting alone, each muscle rotates the head toward the shoulder on the opposite side and tilts or laterally flexes the head to the shoulder on the same side.