Anatomy and physiology chapter 2

An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is ________. 8 2 20 6 14

14

Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of ________ electron(s). 8 18 4 1 2

2

An atom with 13 electrons will have ________ electrons in the valence shell. 2 8 5 3

3

Which statement best describes why ATP is an important nucleic acid in the body? ATP carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by DNA. ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use. ATP functions as a catalyst to increase reaction rates. ATP is a modified RNA molecule used to store genetic information. ATP is the storage form of glucose in the body.

ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use.

Identify the nucleic acid. oxidase DNA cholesterol glucose triglyceride

DNA

What is the function of DNA? DNA serves as a form of chemical energy that all body cells can use. DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA. DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body. DNA increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product. DNA serves as the most important fuel for body cells.

DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body.

Which of the following contains sodium? H2O NaCl N2 CH4 H2SO4

NaCl

A molecule with the sequence of AUCGUCA should be categorized as ________. ATP RNA an enzyme a triglyceride DNA

RNA

Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary? thymine and guanine guanine and uracil adenine and thymine adenine and guanine cytosine and adenine

adenine and thymine

The building blocks of proteins are ________. amino acids fatty acids nucleic acids nucleotides monosaccharides

amino acids

Matter is best described as ________. the ability to do work having no mass the ability to put matter into motion anything that occupies space and has mass

anything that occupies space and has mass

Elements are composed of building blocks known as ________. molecules compounds polymers protons atoms

atoms

Enzymes are ________. not reuseable carbohydrates stable at high temperatures biological catalysts required in large amounts in order to be effective

biological catalysts

Which of the following lipids is formed of four interlocking carbon rings? cholesterol unsaturated fat phospholipid triglyceride trans fat

cholesterol

A nucleotide of DNA contain three components: ________, ________, and ________. ribose; three phosphate groups; nitrogen-containing base ribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base ribose; two phosphate groups; acid group deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base

deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base

Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ________ bonds between carbon atoms. double peptide monosaccharide triple

double

Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as ________ energy. mechanical radiant electrical chemical

electrical

Saturated fats ________. have two fatty acid chains contain many double bonds are formed from four interlocking carbon rings exist as liquids and are derived from plants exist as solids at room temperature

exist as solids at room temperature

A solution with a pH of 3 has 20 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 5. True False

false

Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy. True False

false

Enzymes are examples of ________ proteins. globular (functional) fibrous alpha structural

globular (functional)

Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar? ribose sucrose cellulose glucose deoxyribose

glucose

Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues? cellulose glucose ribose glycogen starch

glycogen

Which property of water explains its ability to prevent sudden changes in body temperature? cushioning high heat capacity chemical reactant polarity

high heat capacity

Which of the following would be classified as an enzyme? cholesterol ATP triglyceride cellulose hydrolase

hydrolase

Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction? few particles increased temperature large particle size lack of catalysts decreased temperature

increased temperatures

Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle associated with an atom? ion proton electron neutron

ion

What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another? carbon bond hydrogen bond polar covalent bond ionic bond nonpolar covalent bond

ionic bond

The most common element in the human body is ________. carbon oxygen nitrogen hydrogen

oxygen

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________. monosaccharides steroids polysaccharides triglycerides

polysaccharides

During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form ________. nucleic acids monomers carbohydrates proteins

proteins

The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the ________. salts proteins lipids nucleic acids carbohydrates

proteins

An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) ________. neutrons protons (hydrogen ions) hydroxyl ions electrons

protons (hydrogen ions)

The atomic mass number of an atom is equivalent to the number of ________. neutrons electrons protons and neutrons protons protons and electrons

protons and neutrons

The building blocks of a triglyceride are ________. nucleotides four interlocking rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms one fatty acid chain and one glycerol molecule amino acids three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule

three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule

The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ________. leucine thymine cytosine guanine

thymine

Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins. True False

true

Disruption of the hydrogen bonds of functional proteins leads to their denaturation. True False

true

Electrolytes conduct electrical currents in solution. True False

true

Inorganic compounds lack carbon and tend to be small, simple molecules. True False

true

Neutralization reactions that occur between an acid and a base are a type of exchange reaction. True False

true

The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions released by a chemical into solution. True False

true

Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body. True False

true

Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ________. between ions or transferred between atoms unequally between atoms equally between atoms

unequally between atoms

Which of these vitamins is produced in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation? vitamin E vitamin A vitamin D vitamin K vitamin C

vitamin D