Anatomy & Physiology chapter 5 Short answer

With one exception, all skull bones are joined by sutures. What is the exception?

All but one of the bones of the skull are joined by interlocking joints. With one exception, the skull bones are joined by sutures. Name the exception. With the exception of 2 paired bones (the parietal and temporal), are all single bones

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

An intervertebral disk acts as shock absorber between each of the vertebrae in the spinal column by keeping the vertebrae separated when there is impact from activity. They also serve to protect the nerves that run down the middle of the spine and intervertebral disks.

What is the anatomical name for the shaft of a long bone?For it ends?what is the yellow marrow? How do spongy and compact bone look different?

Anatomical name= Diaphysis; Epiphysis. Yellow marrow is where some blood cells develop the yellow color is due to the much higher number of fat cells.Compact bone looks smooth and homogeneous. Spongy bone is composed of small needle like pieces of bone and lots of open space.

Why do bone injuries heal much more rapidly than injuries to cartilage?

Lack of blood supply to cartilage

Diagram the normal spinal curvatures and then the curvatures seen in scoliosis and lordosis

PICTURE!

Compare and Contrast the role of PTH (hormone) and mechanical forces acting on the skeleton in bone remodeling.

PTH determines when or if the bone is to be broken down or formed in response to need for more or fewer calcium ions in the blood

Name all the bones with which the ulna articulates.

Specifically, the ulna joins (articulates) with: trochlea of the humerus, at the right side elbow as a hinge joint with semilunar trochlear notch of the ulna. the radius, near the elbow as a pivot joint, this allows the radius to cross over the ulna in pronation. the distal radius, where it fits into the ulnar notch.

What is the function of joints?

Structure and Function: The Joints. Joints are formed where two or more bones meet

What bones make up each hip bone (coxal bone)? which of these is the largest?which has tuberosities that we sit on? which is the most anterior.

1 Together with the sacrum and coccyx, the hip bones form the pelvis,Ilium,Ischium, Pubis.2 THe largest bone it ilium. 3 The tuberosites that we sit on are ischium. The most anterior is pubis.

Name the eight bones of the cranium

1 ethmoid bone. 1 frontal bone. 1 occipital bone. 2 parietal bones. 1 sphenoid bone. 2 temporal bones.

What is a true rib? a false rib? is a floating rib a true or a false rib?why are floating ribs easily broken?

A true rib is a rib that is attached directly to the breastbone. A false rib is any of the lower ribs that are not attached directly to the breastbone.The floating ribs are less stable and risk breaking because they have only one attachment dorsally to the vertebrae and have very thin bone tissue locked in muscle as they extend laterally.

Name the bones of the lower limb from superior to inferior.

Bones from top to bottom of the leg. " Femur - the thigh bone Patella - the knee cap Tibia - the larger of the two leg bones located below the knee cap Fibula - the smaller of the two leg bones located below the knee cap " You could continue with the foot if you think it is necessary. It probably should stop with the heel bone since it is most inferior along that line. talus (ancle) calcaneus(heel)

Define arthritis. What type of arthritis is most common in the elderly? what type is believed to result from the immune system's attack on one's own joint tissues?

Definition: painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints. Most Common Osteoarthritis,Rheumatoid Arthritis.There are hundreds of types of arthritis. The most common variety that fits your description of the immune system attacking the joint tissue is Rheumatoid

List three differences between the male and the famale pelvis.

Female pelves are larger and wider than male pelves and have a rounder pelvic inlet. Male iliac crests are higher than females, causing their false pelves to look taller and narrower.

Name the bones of the shoulder girdle.

In humans it consists of the clavicle and scapula; in those species with three bones in the shoulder, it consists of the clavicle, scapula, and coracoid.

Name the three major parts of the cranium.

Indude support, protection, movement

Yolanda is asked to review a bone slide that has been set up under a microscope. She sees concentric layers surrounding a central cavity or canal. Is this bone section taken from the diaphysis or the epiphyseal plate of the bone specimen?

The bone section is taken from the diaphysis plate of the bone specimen.

Describe the structure of a synovial joint.

The bones of a synovial joint are covered by a layer of hyaline cartilage that lines the epiphyses of joint ends of bone with a smooth, slippery surface that does not bind them together. This articular cartilage functions to absorb shock and reduce friction during movement.

Name the major components of the thorax.

The bones of the thorax, called the "thoracic skeleton" is a component of the axial skeleton. It consists of the ribs and sternum.The ribs of the thorax are numbered in ascending order from 1-12.

Define Fracture. Which fracture types are most common in the elderly? Why are greenstick fractures more common in children?

The cracking or breaking of a hard object or material.The fracture types that are most common in older people are comminuted and compression. The reason for the greenstick fracture is most common children is because children bones are more flexible than those of adults

Name two ways in which the fetal skull differs from the adult skull:

The fetal skull is thinner and contains fontanels

Name the five major regions of the vertebral column.

The five major regions of the vertebral column are the cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacrum, and coccyx.

Professor Rogers pointed to the foramen magnum of the skull and said, "the food passes though this hole when you swallow." Some students believed him, but others said that this was a big mistake. What do you think? Support your answer.

The foramen magnum is the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes. Whereas the esophagus allows food to pass from the mouth to the stomach.

The major function of the shoulder girdle is to provide flexibility. what is the major function of the pelvic girdle.?

The ring made by the pelvic girdle functions as the birth canal in females. The pelvis provides attachment for muscles that balance and support the trunk and move the legs, the hips, and the trunk. In the human infant the pelvis is narrow and nonsupportive.

Compare the amount of movement possible in synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints. Relate these terms to the structural classification of joints; that is, to fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.

The synarthrotic is similar to the bony joint and the cartilaginous joint. The amphiarthrotic is similar to the fibrous joint. The diarthrotic is similar to the synovial joint.

what bones are connected by the coronal suture? By the sagittal suture?

They connectthe frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones. The sagittal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull.

Name three functions of the skeletal system

Three functions of the skeletal system are protection, support, movement and shape.

List two factors that keep bones healthy. List two factors that can cause bones to become soft or to atrophy.

Two factors that keep bones healthy are The amount of calcium in your diet. A diet low in calcium contributes to diminished bone density, early bone loss and an increased risk of fractures. Physical activity. Two factors that can cause bones to become soft or to atrophy Vitamin D deficiency -> Rickets Diseases like Osteoporosis (weakens bones, makes them easier to fracture)

What facial bone forms the chin?The cheekbone?

While the maxilla is responsible for holding the upper teeth, it's the job of the mandible to hold the lower teeth.