Anatomy and Physiology Exam 3

Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the a. venae cavae b. pulmonary arteries c. coronary sinus d. aorta e. pulmonary veins

a

Cyclic AMP is degraded by a. phosphodiesterase b. adenylate cyclase c. G proteins d. protein kinase e. AMP

a

How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells? a. hormones are transported through the bloodstream to target cells b. hormones are released at synapses to target cells c. ducts transport hormones directly to target cells d. hormones are produced by endocrine cells that are adjacent to target cells e. hormones travel through the lymphatic system to target cells

a

Marissa has had her entire thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem? a. possibly, it depends on whether the parathyroid glands were taken with the thyroid by accident b. no, hormones from the liver and kidneys will regulate calcium through the intestinal tract c. yes, without calcitonin, high blood levels of calcium will cause convulsions d. yes, without calcitonin she may suffer heart failure e. no, the synthetic thyroid hormone will also control the calcium

a

Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood to maintain osmotic pressure are a. albumins b. fibrinogens c. fibrin d. platelets e. globulins

a

What cells produce androgens in the testes? a. interstitial cells b. corpus luteum c. nurse cells d. follicular cells

a

What is the main difference between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in halting of bleeding? a. the extrinsic pathway begins outside the bloodstream, whereas the intrinsic pathway begins inside the bloodstream b. the extrinsic pathway occurs outside the body, whereas the intrinsic pathway occurs inside the body c. the extrinsic pathway occurs after the common pathway, whereas the intrinsic pathway occurs before d. the extrinsic pathway occurs during the coagulation phase, whereas the intrinsic pathway occurs during the platelet phase

a

Which hormone is a very effective antioxidant, one that may protect CNS neurons from free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? a. melatonin b. glucagon c. calcitonin d. insulin e. melanin

a

Which of the following pairs are mismatched? a. neutrophils; antibody production b. eosinophils; allergic reaction c. basophils; release histamine d. monocytes; phagocytosis

a

Which statement is FASLE? a. all amino acid derivative hormones are able to circulate freely within the blood b. free hormones can be broke down by enzymes in the body fluids c. hormones attached to special transport proteins remain in circulation longer than free hormones d. hormonal secretion is controlled through negative feedback mechanisms

aA

Increased sodium ion concentrations in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone? a. cortisol b. aldosterone c. renin d. thymosin e. erythropoietin

b

Insulin causes a. increased blood glucose levels b. conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles c. decreased rate of glucose transport to target cells d. decreased amino acid absorption e. increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue

b

When the chordae tenineae are loose ______ a. the mitral valve is closed b. the AV valves are open c. the papillary muscles are contracting d. the ventricles are contracting

b

Which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release? a. thymosin b. atrial natriuretic peptide c. erythropoietin d. aldosterone e. glucagon

b

Which organ system produces hormones that directly control the secretions of the pituitary gland? a. skeletal b. nervous c. muscular e. integumentary

b

Which organ system synthesizes the precursor that leads to the production of the hormone calcitriol? a. nervous b. integumentary c. muscular d. skeletal e. all of the above

b

Which statement regarding red blood cells is true? a. hemoglobin cannot be recycled b. red blood cells have a short life span of about 10 hours c. red blood cells are not capable of mitosis d. an anemic individual would have high hemoglobin content

b

The endocrine system a. is not involved in homeostasis b. relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells c. releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body d. produces effects that last for seconds or minutes e. is regulated mainly by positive feedback

bWh

A normal WBC count is about _____ cells per microliter a. 4.4 million-6 million b. 150,000-500,000 c. 5,000-7,000 d. 1,800-7.300 e. 1,500-4,000

c

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The correct sequence of the steps is a. 3, 4, 5, 2, 1 b. 4, 3, 5, 2, 1 c. 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 d. 5, 1, 4, 2, 3 e. 2, 3, 5, 1, 4

c

Which of the following correctly describes the backflow of blood permitted by a defective mitral valve? a. pulmonary trunk to right ventricle b. right ventricle to right atrium c. left ventricle to left atrium d. aorta to left ventricle

c

You are a 24-year-old woman who loves to run about 5 miles per day, every day. You are eating regularly and have the stamina to run long distances, but you are very slender. One of the problems that you might likely experience would be a. fluctuating blood glucose levels b. erratic sodium levels c. becoming pregnant d. vision-related e. heart attack

c

A rise in the concentration of solutes in the blood volume will cause the release of a. prolactin (PRL) b. triiodothyronine (T3) c. glucocorticoids d. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

d

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means a. Bill is Rh-negative b. Bill's plasma would cross-react with type O- RBCs c. Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood d. Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies e. Bill could receive type B blood in a transfusion

d

The effect of prolactin closely interacts with the hormone a. renin b. ADH c. calcitonin d. oxytocin e. melatonin

d

The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a a. integrative effect b. opposing effect c. synergistic effect d. permissive effect e. antagonistic effect

d

What structural feature of cardiac muscle cells enables action potentials to travel rapidly from cell to cell? a. desmosomes b. mitochondria c. myoglobin d. gap junctions e. myofibrils

d

A toxin that blocks the stomach's ability to release intrinsic factor would most likely cause A) hemophilia. B) an embolism. C) leukopenia. D) iron deficiency anemia. E) pernicious anemia.

e

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome, which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood volume and conservation of salts and water? a. growth hormone (with PRL) b. glucocorticoids c. epinephrine and norepinephrine d. glucagon (with ADH) e. mineralocorticoids (with ADH)

e

Platelets are a. fixed macrophages b. immature leukocytes c. giant, multinucleated cells d. surface antigens e. cellular fragments

e

The amplification of the signal from a water soluble hormone is achieved through an increase in a. water soluble hormone in the blood b. phosphodiesterase in the cytoplasm c. adenylate cyclase in the plasma membrane d. plasma membrane receptors e. cAMP in the cytoplasm

e

The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of a. direct mechanical control b. releasing and inhibiting hormones c. gap junctions d. altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary e. neural axons, directly

e

Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to a. cAMP b. adenylate cyclase c. protein kinases d. cytoplasmic receptors e. plasma membrane receptors

e

What is the role of activated protein kinases? a. activate adenylate cyclase b. convert ATP to cAMP by phosphorylation c. degrade cAMP to AMP d. phosphorylate ADP to ATP e. phosphorylate proteins

e

Which of the following hormones is/are produced by both the testes and the ovaries? a. testosterone b. androgens c. estrogens d. progestins e. inhibin

e

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation? a. hemocytoblast, myeloblast, reticulocyte, megakaryocyte, RBC b. lymphoblast, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, band cell, RBC c. monoblast, promonocyte, myelocyte, band cell, RBC d. stem cell, erythroblast, proerythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC e. myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC

e