Anatomy & Physiology II Lecture (Connect Questions) Respiratory System
serous
A lubricating fluid found in the pleural cavity is ___________ fluid.
gradient
A pressure ____________ exists when two interconnected regions have gases at different pressures.
more
According to the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve (more or less) oxygen is bound to hemoglobin at a higher PO2.
pulmonary surfactant
Alveolar type II cells secrete ____________ _____________.
humidified
As inhaled gases pass through the conducting airways, the gases are "conditioned" in which ways? Fill in the missing blank. -Warmed to body temperature -Cleansed of particulates (microbes ect.) -______________
main bronchi
At the level of the sternal angle, the trachea bifurcates into right and left _________ ____________.
forced
Breathing involving more muscles and greater changes in volume is known as _________ breathing.
relaxes
Brnchodilation results when the smooth muscle of the bronchioles ____________.
bronchoconstriction
Contraction of the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles results in ______________.
decreases
During exhalation, the volume of the thoracic cavity (increases or decreases).
45, 40
During external respiration (alveolar gas exchange) the PCO2 in alveolar capillaries decreases from ________ mm Hg to ________ mm Hg.
b
During inhalation, the diaphragm ________ and __________. a.) Relaxes, flattens b.) Contracts, flattens c.) Contracts, rises d.) Relaxes, rises
a
During inhalation, the external intercostal muscles ___________ the ribs. a.) Elevate b.) Depress
c
During quiet exhalation, intrapulmonary pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure. How much do they differ? a.) 10 mm Hg b.) 4 mm Hg c.) 1 mm Hg d.) 6 mm Hg
increases
Elevation of the ribs (increases or decreases) the lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity.
bicarbonate
Fill in the missing mechanism for carrying carbon dioxide into the blood: -Bound to hemoglobin -Dissolved carbon dioxide in plasma -As ________________
pulmonary ventilation
Fill in the missing step of the 4 steps of respiration: 1.) __________ __________ 2.) Alveolar gas exchange 3.) Gas transport 4.) Systemic gas exchange
hydrogen ions
Fill in the missing substance that can be carried in the blood bound to hemoglobin: -Oxygen -Carbon dioxide -___________ __________
alveoli
Gas exchange in the respiratory system involves the movement of respiratory gases between the following location: 1.) Blood and ____________ 2.) Blood and systemic tissues
lungs
Gas transport is the movement of respiratory gases in blood between the __________ and systemic cells.
carbon dioxide
Hemoglobin binds not only to oxygen, but also protons and _____________ ___________.
solubility coefficient
Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas is dependent on the partial pressure of the gas and its ___________ ____________.
a
How does oxygen binding to one site on hemoglobin affect the binding of oxygen to the remaining sites? a.) Oxygen can bind more easily b.) Oxygen can bind less easily c.) There is no effect on oxygen binding
right
If a change in blood chemistry (pH, temperature, ect.) causes less oxygen to be bound to hemoglobin at a specific PO2, then the oxygen-saturation curve is said to be shifted to the ___________.
b
If a partial pressure gradient exists for a particular gas, how will this affect the movement of gas molecules? a.) The gas will move from lower to higher partial pressure. b.) The gas will move from higher to lower partial pressure. c.) Partial pressure differences do not affect the movement of gases.
saturated
If all iron sites are bound to oxygen, a hemoglobin molecules is said to be 100% ____________.
a
If partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood, which phrase describes the net movement of oxygen? a.) From alveoli to blood b.) From blood to alveoli
b
If proper swallowing occurs, materials from the oral cavity and oropharynx will be blocked from entering the nasopharynx by the ___________, which elevates during swallowing. a.) Epiglottis b.) Soft palate c.) Laryngopharynx d.) Hard palate
right
In the figure, the diagram on the (right or left) indicates the vertical changes that occur during exhalation.
atmospheric
In the study of respiration, the pressure of the outside air measured at sea level is known as the ___________ pressure.
b
In which volume do you measure intrapulmonary pressure? a.) Pleural volume b.) Alveolar volume c.) Atomspheric volume
hyaline
Incomplete rings of ____________ cartilage support the wall of the primary bronchi to ensure that they remain open.
3, 1, 2
List the three regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior. 1.) Oropharynx 2.) Laryngopharynx 3.) Nasopharynx
air
Normally, only _________ passes through the nasopharynx.
hilum
On the medial surface of each lung is an indented ____________ through which a bronchus enters the lung.
inspiration, expiration
Pulmonary ventilation consists of two cyclic phases, __________ and ____________.
trachea
Superior to the larynx is the laryngopharynx. Inferior to the larynx is the ___________ and posterior to the larynx is the esophagus.
nose
The ________ is the first and main conducting structure for inhaled air.
trachea
The __________ is also known as the "windpipe".
parietal
The ___________ pleura lines the following structures: -Superior surface of the diaphragm -Lateral surfaces of the mediastinum -Internal thoracic walls
solubility coefficient
The ____________ ____________ is the volume of gas that dissolves in a specified volume of liquid at a given temperature and pressure.
tidal
The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during quiet breathing is known as the __________ volume.
middle
The auditory tube connects the nasopharynx to the ___________ ear.
conchae
The bony projections along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity are called ___________ and the air passages that lie between them are called nasal meatuses.
quiet
The breathing pattern at rest is known as _________ breathing.
b
The cells that engulf microorganisms or particulate material that have reached the alveoli are called __________. a.) Alveolar type I cells b.) Alevolar macrophages c.) Alveolar type II cells
gradients
The exchange of respiratory gases depends on partial pressure ___________.
larynx
The following are the functions of the _____________: -Serves as a passageway for air -Produces sound for speech -Blocks food and drink from entering airway
more
The higher the solubility coefficient the (more or less) gas dissolves in a liquid.
epiglottis
The large, spoon or leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that helps prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx is the ___________.
esophagus
The laryngopharynx extends inferiorly from the hyoid bone and is continuous with the larynx and ______________.
cardiac impression
The left lung has a medial surface indentation called the _________ ___________ that is formed by the heart.
cardiac notch
The left lung, being smaller than the right, has an anterior indentation called the ___________ ____________.
c
The lungs contain approximately __________ alveoli. a.) 300-400 b.) 300-400 thousand c.) 300-400 million d.) 300-400 billion
c
The lungs remain inflated despite their tendency to collapse. What is the reason for this? a.) A partial vacuum created by the intrapulmonary cavity b.) The positive intrapleural pressure relative to intrapulmonary pressure The negative intrapleural pressure relative to intrapulmonary pressure
Boyle's
The movement of gases into and out of the respiratory system follows ___________ law.
gas exchange
The movement of respiratory gases between blood and either alveoli or cells of systemic tissues is __________ ___________.
c
The mucosa lining the trachea is made of what type of tissue? a.) Stratified cuboidal epithelium b.) Simple columnar epithelium c.) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
c
The oxygen saturation curve is steeper at __________ partial pressure of oxygen. This means that __________ oxygen unbinds from hemoglobin when blood flows into the systemic capillaries. a.) Higher, more b.) Lower, less c.) Lower, more d.) Higher, less
partial pressure
The pressure exerted by each gas within a mixture is called the __________ ___________.
d
The respiratory membrane is the thin wall between the alveolar lumen and the _________. a.) Lymph b.) Alveolar duct c.) Respiratory bronchiole d.) Blood
lobar
The secondary bronchi that branch off the primary bronchi are also called __________ bronchi.
total lung capacity
The sum of all the volumes including residual volume and the maximum volume of air that the lungs can hols is called ____________ ___________ ____________.
b
The thoracic cavity dimensions return to their original size during _________. a.) Inhalation b.) Exhalation
vital
The total amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs by forced breathing is known as the ___________ capacity.
atmospheric
The total pressure exerted by all gases in an environment is called the _____________ pressure.
c
The trachea descends through the neck into the ___________ from the ____________ to the main bronchi. a.) Pericardial cavity; secondary bronchi b.) Mediastinum; esophagus c.) Mediastinum; larynx d.) Pleural cavity; larynx
c
The types of alveolar cell that promotes rapid gas diffusion across the alveolar wall is the ___________. a.) Alveolar type II cell b.) Alveolar macrophage c.) Alveolar type I cell
base
The wide __________ of the lung rests upon the diaphragm.
d
There are 15-20 C-shaped ___________ cartilages that support the anterior and lateral walls of the trachea. a.) Thyroid b.) Arytenoid c.) Cricoid d.) Tracheal
false
True or False: Lobar bronchi further divide into primary bronchi.
false
True or False: Primary bronchi have less cartilage than tertiary bronchi.
true
True or False: The smallest broncioles contain no cartilage.
constant
Under normal, resting conditions, the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide remain _____________.
c
What information is describes by the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve? a.) The relationship between hemoglobin oxygen saturation and the frequency of reflected light. b.) The relationship between the concentration of hemoglobin and the concentration of oxygen. c.) The relationship between partial pressure of oxygen and hemoglobin saturation with oxygen.
b
What is the effect of the oxygen reserve on the body's ability to undergo vigorous exercise? a.) The oxygen reserve is completely used during exercise. b.) The oxygen reserve is used when PO2 falls very low in exercising tissue. c.) the oxygen reserve remains bound regardless of exercise.
d
When lungs are at rest, the intrapulmonary pressure is 760 mm Hg (equal to atmospheric pressure). What is the pressure inside the pleural cavity? a.) Equal to atmospheric b.) 770 mm Hg c.) 750 mm Hg d.) 754 mm Hg
decreases
When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, during inhalation, the intrapulmonary pressure (increases or decreases) and air flows into the lungs.
a
When you __________, the inferior portion of the sternum moves anteriorly, slightly increasing the anterior-posterior dimensions of the thorax. a.) Inhale b.) Exhale
d
Which activities are associated with exhalation? 1.) Diaphragm contracts 2.) Diaphragm relaxes 3.) Sternum moves posteriorly 4.) External intercostals contract a.) 1, 3 b.) 3, 4 c.) 2, 4 d.) 2, 3
a
Which is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract? a.) Larynx b.) Nose c.) Pharynx d.) Nasal cavity
intrapulmonary pressure
Which is always higher, intrapulmonary pressure or intrapleural pressure?
b
Which statement describes the movement of oxygen during external respiration (alveolar gas exchange)? a.) Oxygen moves in the same direction as carbon dioxide. b.) Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood. c.) Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveoli.
a
Which statement describes the net movement of carbon dioxide during internal respiration (systemic gas exchange)? a.) Carbon dioxide diffuses from the tissues to the blood. b.) Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the tissues. c.) Carbon dioxide moves in the same direction as oxygen.
c
Which statement describes the net movement of oxygen during the internal respiration (systemic gas exchange)? a.) Oxygen diffuses from the tissues to the blood. b.) Oxygen moves in the same direction as carbon dioxide. c.) Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the tissues.
gas
the solubility coefficient of a gas depends on the interactions between the molecules of the __________ and the molecules of the liquid.
