Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 8.1 Study Questions

Name all of the endocrine glands.

All of the endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pineal gland, anterior pituitary,posterior pituitary, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, pancreas, ovaries (female), and testes (male)

Hormones travel through the body via the bloodstream. Why don't they affect every cell and tissue they come in contact with?

Although hormones travel through the bloodstream, they do not affect every cell and tissue they come in contact with because they only affect a limited number of cells AKA target cells. A particular cell is a target cell for a hormone if i contains functional receptors for that hormone, and cells that don't have that receptor for that hormone are not affected.

How does the thyroid gland's secretion of thyroxine keep the body temperature form falling?

As the thyroid gland secrets thyroxine, it increases basal metabolic rate as it increases heat production allowing the body temperature to not fall.

Where are hormone receptors located on the cells of the body?

Hormone receptors are found either exposed on the surface of the cell or within the cell, depending on the hormone.

How is the humoral control like the hierarchy of a business?

Humoral control is similar to a hierarchy of a business in the way that it directs the activities of the pituitary gland.

Describe the process of humoral control of the endocrine system.

Humoral control responds to changing levels of ions or nutrients in the blood by releasing humoral stimulus.

What are three ways that endocrine glands are regulated?

Humoral, Neural, and hormonal are three ways endocrine glands are regulated.

What are two general categories of hormones?

Proteins, peptides, and modified amino acid would be categorized as on class of hormones while steroids is the second major class.

How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ?

The endocrine system controls body activities by producing hormones which are chemical messengers, secreted by ductless glands AKA the endocrine glands. Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts or channels, that carry them either to the outside of the body or into body cavities.

What temperature is the homeostatic set point for the human body?

The homeostatic set point for the human body is 98.6 degrees F.

Which endocrine glands are also a part of the nervous system?

The hypothalamus, pineal gland, as well as the pituitary gland are all part of both the endocrine and nervous system.

The nervous and endocrine systems work together to regulate bodily functions, but they act in very different ways. How do they differ?

The nervous system responds rapidly to short-term changes by sending electrical impulses (neurotransmitters > neurons) while the endocrine responds to the longer term changes by sending chemical messengers (hormones > blood) to help your body respond to stimuli

Is the pancreas an endocrine gland or an exocrine gland? Explain.

The pancreas functions as both and endocrine and exocrine gland. As the pancreas excretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acid in food as this allows it to function as an exocrine gland. As an endocrine gland, the pancreas secrets the hormones insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar levels.

Identify three exocrine glands and their secretions.

The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon. The thymus gland secretes thymosin. The posterior pituitary stores two hormones produced by the hypothalamus (ADH & Oxytocin)

When the body temperature drops below the homeostatic set point, what does the endocrine system do to correct this imbalance?

The thyroid gland releases more thyroxine to increase heat production as this prevents the body temperature from falling past the homeostatic set point.