Anatomy and physiology of the digestive system: GI

Beginning close to the ileum, place the sections of the large intestine in order

Cecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal canal The large intestine begins at the cecum. The ascending, transverse, and descending colon connect to the sigmoid colon. The final segment of the large intestine is the rectum and anal canal.

Match the organ with its function.

Churns food - stomach Transports food - esophagus Lubricates food - salivary glands Absorbs nutrients - small intestine

Which are the overall functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

Digestion of food Excretion of waste Absorption nutrients

Arrange the organs in the order that food will travel after being ingested.

Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Food is placed in the mouth and passes through the pharynx into the esophagus. From the esophagus, it moves into the stomach, then the small intestine, and finally the large intestine.

Which nervous system is stimulated by the taste of food, causing an increase in secretions and peristalsis?

Parasympathetic nervous system Food stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system to increase secretions and peristalsis.

Which structures secrete hydrochloric acid?

Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid that is needed for digestion

Match the structure with the organ in which it is found.

Pharynx - Epiglottis Small intestine - goblet cells Stomach - Parietal cells Mouth - salivary glands

Which term is used to describe a ring-like muscle that normally maintains constriction of a body passage and relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning?

A sphincter is a ring-like muscle that normally maintains constriction of a body passage and relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. The body has several sphincters, such as the lower esophageal sphincter between the esophagus and stomach.

Where are microvilli located?

The small intestine contains microvilli, as well as villi, lacteals, intestinal crypts, and goblet cells.

Which organ is primarily responsible for the absorption of glucose?

The small intestine is the organ where glucose is absorbed.