Anatomy Bone Short Answer Practical

Describe the general structure of a long bone. Make sure to include and describe the following terms: epiphysis, diaphysis, periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, medullary cavity, endosteum, trabeculae, yellow and red marrow, and articular cartilage.

A long bone has two main regions: the diaphysis and the epiphysis. The diaphysis is the hollow shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. Inside this is the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow bone marrow. Lining the inside of the bone is a layer of bone cells called the endosteum. These bone cells allow the bone to grow, repair, and remodel well. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of compact bone. The periosteum covers the entire outer surface except where the epiphyses meet other bones to form joints. In this region, the epiphyses are covered with articular cartilage, which reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber. The wider section at each end of the bone is called the epiphysis, which is filled internally with spongy bone. Red bone marrow fills the spaces between the spongy bone in some long bones. Spongy bone consists of numerous branching bone plates called trabeculae.

What two things compose the extracellular matrix of bone, and how do they function in maintaining the structural integrity of bone.

It is composed of inorganic salts, like calcium phosphate, which make the bone hard and resistant to crushing and collagen fibers that reinforce the these mineral to provide strength and support.

List and provide an example of the five shapes of bones classified in the human body.

Long Bone (Femur) Short Bone (Lateral Cuneiform) Flat Bone (Ribs) Irregular Bone (Vertebrae) Sesamoid Bone (Patella)

List the three categories of joints for BOTH movement they permit and tissues found at that joint. Provide an example of each for the joint movement categories.

One if the categories is immovable or fibrous joints that are made up of dense connective tissue and are found in skull sutures.and are found in skull sutures. Another category is slightly movable or cartilaginous joints that include vertebrae and tissues like hyaline or fibrocartilage. The 3rd category is freely me able or synovial joints that include parts like our shoulders or neck and hyaline cartilage.

Explain how these five terms are connected based on their functions in the formation and maintenance of bone: Osteoblast, Osteocyte, Osteoclast, Periosteum, and Ossification.

Osteoblasts deposit bony matrix around the selves, forming spongy bone tissue in all directions. When extra cellular matrix completely surrounds osteoblasts, they are called osteocytes. The cells of this membrane our tissue that then persist outside of the developing bone gives rise to the periosteum. The osteoblasts that remain in within the periosteum form a layer of compact bone. This formation of new bone like the spongy and compact bone in this description, is called ossification. Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that break down the calcifies extracellular matrix, which allow osteoblasts to invade these areas again and for ossification to reoccur..

What are the roles of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the homeostasis of bone tissue throughout your lifetime? Give %

Osteoclasts resorb bone matrix and osteoblasts replace it ithrough opposing processes of resorption and deposition of matrix. Throughout our life span, this exchange of 3% to 5% of bone calcium helps to regulate our blood calcium and maintain a constant total mass of bone tissue.

Explain the four steps in repairing a bone fracture. Make sure they are in order.

Step 1: Blood from the blood vessels spread throughout damaged area, causing swelling and hematomas to form. Step 2: Osteoblasts invade the hematoma and rapidly divide to close new blood vessels and build spongy bone nearby. Step 3: Meanwhile, phagocytic cells remove the hematoma. Step 4: Osteoclasts also appear to help clan up debris. Step 5: Father away from this area, fibroblasts produce masses of fibrocartilage, which later on fill the gap between the ends of the broken bone. Step 6: This new mass is replaced by a hard bony callus once blood vessels and osteoblasts invade the area. Step 7: Osteoclasts remove excess bone produces.

What are the two types of bone marrow? What are their functions? Where are they found in the adult skeleton?

The 2 types of bone marrow are red marrow and yellow marrow. Red marrow functions in the formation of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. It is primarily found in the spongy bone of the skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae, and pelvis. Yellow bone stores fat and replaces red marrow as a person ages. It is found in most cavities where red marrow once was, especially in long bones.

State and explain the three factors that affect bone development, growth, and repair.

The 3 factors include nutrition, hormonal secretions, and physical exercise. An example of nutrition are vitamins like vitamin D, which is necessary for proper absorption of calcium in the the small intestine and to prevent the weakening of bones. Hormones, like growth hormone, stimulate division of the cartilage cells in the epiphyses life plates. An example of physical ex cerise's influences is that the stress of doing exercise, like lifting weights, stresses the bones and stimulates its tissue to thicken and strengthen.

State and briefly describe the five functions of bones within the human body.

The 5 functions include muscle attachment, protection and support of soft materials, blood cell production, and storage of minerals. Muscle attachment that is seen in joints allows for movement of limbs and other body parts. Protection of soft material is important to maintain vital parts in tack like our brain and lungs that are crucial for our body to function properly. Support of soft materials allows ourselves to stand tall and for organs to stay in place. Productions of blood cells like RBCs and WBCs take place in our bone marrow. Bones store the majority of minerals like calcium and phosphorous.