Anatomy Ch 10 -
What are the four types of muscles identified by different patterns of organization? A. Parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular B. Movers, synergists, antagonists, and agonists C. Flexors, extensors, adductors, and abductors D. Skeletal, smooth, cardiac, and visceral
A
Which class of lever improves the speed of movement and the distance the load is moved more than it improves lifting the load? A. Third-class lever B. Second-class lever C. First-class lever D. All classes of lever are equally good at lifting a load.
A
Which class of levers is the most common in the body? A. Third-class lever B. Second-class lever C. First-class lever D. All classes are equally distributed in the body.
A
Which muscle-insertion pairing is correct? A. infraspinatus muscle; greater tubercle of humerus B. deltoid muscle; floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus C. subscapularis muscle; greater tubercle of the humerus D. supraspinatus muscle; lesser tubercle of the humerus Submit
A
Which of the following is NOT a lateral hip rotator muscle? A. gracilis B. gemellus C. obturator D. piriformis
A
Which of the following is not a muscle of the erector spinae group? A. longus colli muscle B. iliocostalis lumborum muscle C. longissimus cervicis muscle D. spinalis thoracis muscle
A
Which of the following muscle groups is associated with the vertebral column? A. Spinalis B. Occipitofrontalis C. Pharyngeal constrictor D. Masseter
A
Which of the following flexes and abducts the wrist? A. Triceps brachii B. Flexor carpi radialis C. Biceps femoris D. Soleus
B
Which of the following is a criterion for naming muscles? A. The muscle's location on the body B. All of the choices are correct. C. The muscle's action D. The muscle's origin and insertion
B
Which of the following is an appendicular muscle? A. Buccinators B. Biceps femoris C. Spinalis cervicis D. Internal oblique
B
Which of the following muscles does NOT flex the forearm? A. Brachioradialis B. Triceps brachii C. Brachialis D. Biceps brachii
B
An origin on the ischial spine and the pubis, an insertion on the coccyx and median raphe, and the action of flexing the coccygeal joints refers to which anal triangle muscle?
iliococcygeus muscle
The superficial muscles of the spine are identified by subdivisions that include __________.
iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis
The movable attachment of muscle to bone or other connective tissue is referred to as the __________.
insertion
Which muscle of the urogenital triangle inserts on the pubic symphysis, anterior to the base of the penis or the clitoris?
ischiocavernosus muscle
Which muscle of the gluteal group acts in extension and lateral rotation at the hip?
gluteus maximus muscle
Extrinsic muscles are those that __________.
position or stabilize an organ
Which muscle elevates the shoulders, such as when you shrug your shoulders?
trapezius
The muscular floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by muscles that make up the __________.
urogenital and anal triangle
Which of the following terms would be used to name a muscle found in the thigh?
Femoris
In what class of lever is the fulcrum between the load and the applied force?
First-class lever
Even though they both insert on the calcaneus, what can the gastrocnemius muscle do that the soleus cannot?
Flex the knee
Which muscle or muscles can cause abduction and medial rotation at the hip?
Gluteus medius and minimus
What is the most powerful and important muscle a person uses when chewing food?
Masseter
Which of the following is a muscle involved in chewing?
Masseter
Tim is a new father and is not used to changing diapers. He grimaces and purses his lips when he changes his son's diapers. Which collection of muscles is he using to contort his mouth this way?
Orbicularis oris and risorius
What is the term for the site where the muscle attaches that does NOT move when the muscle contracts?
Origin
Which description of the superior oblique muscle, an extrinsic eye muscle, is correct?
Origin: sphenoid around optic canal. Action: eye rolls, looks inferiorly and laterally.
Which type of fascicle arrangement produces more tension than others?
Pennate muscle
Which muscles arise on the humerus and the forearm and rotate the radius without producing either flexion or extension of the elbow?
Pronator teres and supinator
The calf muscles pull on the calcaneus and extend the ankle, lifting the person onto their toes. That makes this arrangement an example of what class of lever?
Second-class lever
Which of the following terms is given to muscles visible at the body surface?
Superficialis
During swallowing, what muscles help you push a bolus of food from your throat to your esophagus?
Superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles
Which muscles maximize the efficient use of teeth during mastication?
Temporalis, pterygoid, and masseter
When considering the rectus abdominis muscle, what does the term "rectus" describe about this muscle?
The fibers of the muscle are parallel to the long axis of the muscle.
The deltoid muscle is so named because it is __________.
shaped like a triangle
Circular muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways are called __________.
sphincters
The paired superficial muscle on the anterior and side of the neck that flexes the head and neck toward the chest is the __________.
sternocleidomastoid
Which muscle of the pectoral girdle acts in depressing and protracting the shoulder?
subclavius muscle
A first-class lever is one in which __________.
the fulcrum lies between the applied force and the load
In a first-class lever __________.
the fulcrum lies between the applied force and the load
If the biceps brachii muscle flexes the forearm, that means that its attachment to the humerus and scapula is __________.
the origin of the muscle
The effect of an arrangement in which a force is applied between the load and the fulcrum illustrates the principles of __________.
third-class levers
Select the appendicular muscle. A. anconeus muscle B. external oblique muscle C. occipitofrontalis muscle D. sternocleidomastoid muscle
A
The muscular system of humans contributes approximately what percentage to the adult body weight?
44 percent
There are approximately how many muscles in the human body?
700
Do you remember the tongue twister "Sally sells seashells by the seashore"? Of the collections of muscles below, which group or groups work together to provide the delicate movements of the tongue during speech? A. Palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, and hyoglossus muscles B. Superior constrictor, middle constrictor, and inferior constrictor muscles C. Masseter, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles D. All of the listed responses are correct.
A
Which of the following terms would be used to name a short muscle?
Brevis
Which of the following is an axial muscle? A. gluteus maximus B. femoris C. temporalis D. deltoid
C
Which of the following is not a part of the hamstrings? A. semimembranosus B. semitendinosus C. popliteus D. biceps femoris
C
Which of the following muscles are found in the cervical region and act in elevating the ribs? A. internal intercostals B. external intercostals C. scalenes D. transversus thoracis Submit
C
Which of the following muscles is involved in moving the thigh? A. Biceps femoris B. Gastrocnemius C. Gluteus maximus D. Flexor digitorum longus
C
Which type of muscle contains fascicles that are organized in concentric rings around an opening?
Circular
Marcia, a sprinter, pulls a hamstring muscle the day before a big race. Which of the following muscles has she NOT injured? A. semimembranosus B. biceps femoris C. semitendinosus D. rectus femoris
D
Which action correctly applies to the quadratus lumborum muscle? A. Together, the two sides extend the neck; alone, each side rotates and laterally flexes the neck to that side. B. It extends the vertebral column and depresses the ribs. C. It extends the vertebral column and rotates it toward the opposite side. D. Together, they depress the ribs; alone, each side laterally flexes the vertebral column.
D
Which of the following is a superficial appendicular muscle? A. supraspinatus muscle B. iliopsoas muscle C. serratus anterior muscle D. tensor fasciae latae muscle
D
Which of the following is a wrist flexor? A. extensor carpi radialis longus muscle B. biceps brachii muscle C. anconeus muscle D. palmaris longus muscle Submit
D
Which of the following muscles of the thigh is located most anteriorly? A. biceps femoris muscle B. semimembranosus muscle C. adductor magnus muscle D. vastus medialis muscle Submit
D
The names of the muscles of the tongue are readily identified because their descriptive names end in __________.
glossus
Which muscle or muscles are synergistic with the diaphragm during inspiration?
External intercostals
What happens when a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten?
The insertion moves toward the origin.
What muscles and their tendons make up the rotator cuff?
The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles
Why do we use the word biceps to describe particular muscles?
There are two tendons of origin.
Which of the following is a muscle that positions the pectoral girdle?
Trapezius
You are so happy that you received an "A" on your last anatomy and physiology exam that you broke into a big smile. What muscle helps you smile?
Zygomaticus major
A muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement is called __________.
a prime mover
A fixator is __________.
a synergist that prevents movement at another joint and stabilizes the origin of the agonist
A muscle whose action opposes that of another muscle, or agonist, is __________.
an antagonist
If the biceps brachii muscle flexes the forearm, and the triceps brachii muscle causes extension of the forearm, then the triceps brachii is the __________ of the biceps brachii.
antagonist
In an individual who complains of shin-splints, the affected muscles are located over the __________.
anterior surface of the leg
In a convergent muscle, the muscle fibers are __________.
based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site
The flexors that move the leg, commonly known as the hamstrings, include the _______________.
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus
A muscle like the pectoralis major muscle in the chest, whose fascicles originate over a large area and insert on a common point, the anterior humerus, is an example of a __________ muscle.
convergent muscle
Which arm muscle inserts on the medial margin of the humeral shaft and acts in adduction and flexion at the shoulder?
coracobrachialis muscle
Which muscles of the tongue or the pharynx insert on the median raphe attached to the occipital bone?
pharyngeal constrictors
What is the name of the muscle that separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities?
diaphragm
Which muscle separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities?
diaphragm
Which muscle originates on the inferior surface of the mandible at the chin and mastoid region, and acts to depress the mandible or elevate the larynx?
digastric muscle
The triceps brachii muscle attaches to the olecranon process of the ulna crossing the posterior side of the elbow joint. That will allow the triceps to be a(n) __________ of the elbow joint.
extensor
Of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, which one originates on the hamate bone?
flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle
Which muscles insert on the midlateral surfaces of the middle phalanges of fingers 2-5?
flexor digitorum superficialis muscles
The rectus muscles, which lie between the vertebral spine and the ventral midline, are important __________.
flexors of the spinal column
A lever moves on a fixed point called __________.
fulcrum
Which muscle or muscles can extend the ankle?
gastrocnemius and soleus
Which muscle is found in the superficial posterior compartment of the calf region?
gastrocnemius muscle
Which muscle terminology pairing is correct?
platy-flat
Which facial expression muscle acts to elevate the upper lip?
levator labii superioris muscle
A muscle in the body that is spindle-shaped is an example of a(n) __________.
parallel muscle
The structural commonality of the biceps brachii and the rectus abdominis is that they are __________.
parallel muscles whose fibers run along the long axis of the body
The actions produced by arm muscles but NOT by leg muscles are __________.
pronation and supination
Which intrinsic muscle of the foot originates on the calcaneus and acts in flexion at the joints of toes 2-5?
quadratus plantae muscle
The extensors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the quadriceps, include the __________.
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis
A pair of deep posterior trunk muscles that adduct the scapula and cause downward rotation of the scapula are the __________.
rhomboid major and minor
