Anatomy ch 8 - special senses

What is the ability of the eye to focus on close objects?

accommodation

what vision disorder results from the loss of lens transparency?

cataracts

A person with total color blindness may lack

cones

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the

conjunctiva

Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passses as it enters the eye?

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

What are the three cranial nerves that carry taste sensations to the brain?

facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

Which are of the retina has the highest concentration of cones?

fovea centralis

what specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?

gustatory cells

the pupil is an opening within the

iris

Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?

lacrimal

The biconvex structure that focuses on the retina is the

lens

The vibration of sound waves cause the typanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against and ossicle known as

malleus or hammer

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from one ossicle to the next.

malleus, incus, stapes

An ear infection following an illness such as cold can pass from the throat through the auditory tube to the

middle ear

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or

myopia

Which one of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?

pungent

Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?

retina

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?

retina

Identify the five basic taste receptors and describe what each type of receptor detects.

salt, sweet, bitter, sour, and umami. They respond to things such as animo acids, acidic solutions, alkaloids, metal ions in solutions, and the specific animo acid found in protein.

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the

semicircular canals

The five taste sensations are

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Which cranial nerve transmits both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is

vision

The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the

vitreous humor (body)

Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?

color blindness

Hearing aids would be most useful for a person with

conduction deafness

Type of photo receptor cell that detects colors

cones

Transparent portion of the fibrous layer

cornea

Charlotte burned the top of her tongue on a hot slice of pizza. What type of taste bud was damaged?

fungiform papillae

Hearing receptors within the spiral organ or corti are called

hair cells

What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmited to the cochlear nerve?

hair cells

The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the

incus

What glands release tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?

lacrimal

Gland that releases tears

lacrimal gland

Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to

lemons

Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure

lens

The age-related fusion of ear bones is known as

otosclerosis

what part of the retina absorbs light and prevents it from scattering inside the eye?

pigmented layer

The age-related condition resulting from decreased lens elasticity is known as

prebyopia

"white of the eye"

sclera

What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain?

sensorineural deafness

Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to

smell

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the

spinal organ of corti

When Brock walked out of the dark movie theatre into the bright, mid-day sun, he experienced

the photopupillary reflex

Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the

tympanic membrane

What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Your elderly neighbor wears hearing aids. Without them, he can't hear you knocking on his door. Do you think he wears the hearing aids for sensorineural deafness or conduction deeafness? explain your choice and differentiate betweent the causes of these two types of deafness.

He probably has conduction deafness. Conduction results when something such as earwax interferes with hearing. Sensorineual is damage to the organs or parts of the ears and nerves in the ear.

The semicircular canals are indicated by

Label C

The malleus (hammer) is indicated by

Label E

The auricle (pinna) is indicated by

Label F

The tympanic membrane is indicated by

Label I

Explain how the function of rods and cones differ.

Rods provide vision during dim light or night and cones provide vision during day time.

Describe the role of lens in vision. Name and explain the disease caused by hardening of the lens.

The role of lens is to focus light on the retina and to the disease that causes hardening of the lens is called cataracts.

Describe the pathway sound waves that result in the sensation of hearing

They travel from the outer ear and in through the auditory canal causing the eardrum to vibrate. This in turn causes three small bones in the middle ear to move.