anatomy ch7 axial skeleton

The skull consists of __________.

22 bones

The vertebral column consists of __________.

26 bones

Harold, a former boxer, complains of tingling and numbness in the external, anterior portion of his left lower jaw. Before confirming with further tests, the most obvious diagnosis is that __________.

Harold has potential blockage of the mental foramen that impinges on the chin nerves

Which of the following statements about the hyoid is INCORRECT?

It articulates with the cervical vertebrae.

Which of the following statements about spinal curvature is FALSE?

Newborns, like adults, have four spinal curvatures.

Which of the following statements about the foramina of the skull is INCORRECT?

One of the foramina of the temporal bone is the foramen rotundum.

Which of the following statements about the vertebral column is INCORRECT?

The auricular surface of the sacrum is the point of articulation of the coccyx to the sacrum.

Which of the following statements about the skull is FALSE?

The only bones that contain sinuses are in the cranium.

Which of the following statements about the ribs is INCORRECT?

The rib articulates with the sternum at the head, or capitulum, of the rib.

Which of the following statements about the axial skeleton is FALSE?

There are two bones that are associated with the skull but are not actually part of its structure.

The fibrous membranes found between the cranial bones of infants are called fontanelles. What do these fontanelles do?

They allow flexibility in the skull bones during the birth process. They close within one or two months after birth, with the exception of the anterior fontanelle. They allow the brain of the developing fetus in the womb to expand.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the true ribs, or vertebrosternal ribs?

They articulate with the thoracic vertebrae. They articulate with the sternum directly by costal cartilage. They are the first seven ribs.

Which of these statements concerning the paranasal sinuses is/are true?

They lighten the bones of the skull. They help provide warm and humid air to the lungs. They are lined with mucous epithelium.

Which of these statements concerning the facial bones is/are correct?

They protect the entrances to the respiratory and digestive tracts. They include six pairs of bones and two unpaired bones. They are primarily linked to each other through immovable joints called sutures.

While playing softball, Gina is struck in the frontal bone by a wild pitch. Which of the following complaints would you expect her to have?

a headache

While you're visiting your friend who recently gave birth, she comments on her infant's soft spot. You think to yourself that the correct term for the "soft spot" located at the intersection of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures is

anterior fontanelle.

The inferior nasal conchae __________.

articulate with the ethmoid, maxillary, palatine, and lacrimal bones

What feature (or features) allows the bony thoracic cage to increase or decrease its volume during breathing?

articulation of ribs with vertebrae attachments of the intercostal muscles articulation of ribs with sternum

The ability to nod "yes" is due to the articulation of which two bones?

atlas and occipital

The five fused vertebrae in the sacrum perform all EXCEPT which of the following functions?

bearing the most weight in the vertebral column

Gesturing "no" with the head depends on the structure(s) of which cervical vertebrae?

both the atlas and the axis

Which of the following bones form(s) the nasal septum?

both the vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

The ________ allow for a wide range of head movements.

cervical vertebrae

What are the primary types of vertebra?

cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

The occipital ________ are where the occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra.

condyles

The ________ is the bony chamber that protects and supports the brain.

cranium

A bent nasal septum that slows or prevents sinus drainage is known clinically as a ________ septum.

deviated

The functions of the thoracic cage do NOT include which of the following?

enabling lateral rotation of the head, as in shaking the head to indicate "no"

Jack gets into a fight and is punched in the nose. Which of the following bones might be fractured?

ethmoid bone

Which of the following bones form(s) part of both the orbit and the nasal complex?

ethmoid bone

Thoracic vertebrae can be distinguished from other vertebrae by the presence of

facets for the articulation of ribs.

Ribs 8 to 12 are called ________ because they do not attach directly to the sternum.

false

The fibrous connective tissue membranes between the cranial bones of the fetal skull are

fontanelles.

With which bone(s) does the sphenoid bone articulate?

frontal bone parietal bone occipital bone

Which of the following includes bones belonging to the axial skeleton?

frontal bone, hyoid bone, thoracic vertebra, and true ribs

The axis __________.

has a toothlike process called the dens and is the second cervical vertebra

The ________ bone is unusual because it doesn't contact another bone.

hyoid

Ridges that anchor muscles that stabilize the head are the

inferior and superior nuchal lines.

Which structure protects the spinal column from compression and acts like a shock absorber?

intervertebral disc

Spinal nerves run to and from the spinal cord within what structure?

intervertebral foramina

Which of the following is/are true of the first cervical vertebra?

is called the atlas supports the head has no body

The parietal bones and occipital bone articulate at the ________ suture.

lambdoid

Thoracic vertebrae can be distinguished by __________.

large transverse processes and long inferiorly directed spinous processes

The widest intervertebral discs are found in the ________ region.

lumbar

Your friend Greg is hit in the jaw and when looking at him, his face looks misaligned. You immediately take him to the emergency room and are not surprised to learn that he has a broken

mandible

The part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles is the

manubrium

Lumbar vertebrae can be distinguished by __________.

massive bodies and curved articular surfaces

Which of the following fontanelle locations is NOT correctly identified?

mastoid fontanelle—center of sagittal suture between parietal bones

During development a cleft palate forms when which bones fail to meet along the midline of the hard palate?

maxillae

The spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae fuse to form the

median sacral crest.

In the condition known as ________, premature closure of all of the cranial sutures results in restricted brain growth and an undersized head.

microcephaly

The sella turcica is __________.

part of the sphenoid bone and also supports the pituitary gland

Which portion of the temporal bone houses the structures of the internal ear?

petrous

The two spinal curves present at birth are called __________ curves.

primary

Which of the following relationships is NOT correct for the regions of the vertebral column?

sacral—3 vertebrae fused into single bone

Each of the following is associated with the temporal bone except the

sella turcica.

Air-filled chambers found in several bones of the skull are called

sinuses

Sinus inflammation is called

sinusitis.

The optic nerves pass from the eyes to the brain through openings in which bone?

sphenoid bone

A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the

sphenoid.

Successive vertebrae articulate at facets on the inferior articular processes of the superior vertebra and facets on the ________ of the adjacent inferior vertebrae.

superior articular processes

A thickening of the frontal bone that helps protect the eye is the

supra-orbital margin.

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbital complex?

temporal bone

The skull consists of __________.

the cranium and facial bones

The mandible articulates with __________.

the temporal bone

An inexperienced EMT administering CPR is unsure where to place his hands during chest compressions and uses too much pressure on the thoracic cage. Which structure in the thoracic cage could easily be broken?

the xiphoid process of the sternum

The adult sternum has __________ component(s).

three

Cervical vertebrae can be distinguished by __________.

transverse foramina and split tip of spinous process

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the cranium?

ulna

The part of the vertebrae that transfers weight along the axis of the vertebral column is the

vertabrel body

The term ________ is used to describe an injury caused by displacement of the cervical vertebrae during a sudden change in body position.

whiplash

When administering CPR, one structure that serves as both a landmark and a cause for concern is the __________.

xiphoid process