Anatomy chapter 10 muscle tissue (SUMMER)

intermediate fibers contract BLANK than slow fibers and BLANK than fast fibers

intermediate fibers contract FASTER than slow fibers and SLOWER than fast fibers

upon release from the synaptic knob, acetylcholine attaches to receptors on the BLANK

motor end plate

each muscle fiber is controlled by one BLANK neuron

motor neuron

neurons that stimulate muscle contraction are called BLANK

motor neurons

a single contraction and relaxation of a muscle fiber is referred to as a muscle BLANK

muscle twitch

termination of the nerve impulse at an NMJ results in the passive sliding of BLANK back to their original state

myofilaments

after you stop running, you notice that you keep breathing heavily for some time. this is because your body is in BLANK

oxygen debt

after stimulation of ACh receptors, a muscle impulse spreads quickly along the BLANK and into the muscle fiber along T-tubles

sarcolemma

the functional contractile unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is known as a BLANK

sarcomere

within a myofibril each BLANK shortens as the muscle fiber contracts

sarcomere

the BLANK filament theory explains how muscle fibers shorten during contraction

sliding filament theory

an individual has better proficiency in performing repeated contractions under aerobic conditions if he or she has a greater percentage of BLANK fibers in specific muscles

slow fibers in specific muscles

the attachment of ACh to the receptor on the motor end plate causes the receptor to open allowing BLANK ions to enter the muscle fiber

sodium ions

the superficial fascia is also known as the BLANK

subcutaneous layer

The narrow space separating the synaptic knob and the motor end plate is called the?

synaptic cleft

the narrow space separating the synaptic knob and the motor end plate is called the BLANK

synaptic cleft

inside a muscle cell, the sacs of the SR where calcium is stored and released from are the BLANK

terminal cisternae

the muscle neuron axon travels through the epimysium and perimysium and enters the BLANK where it delivers a nerve impulse to an individual BLANK

the motor neuron axon travels through the epimysium and perimysium and enters the ENDOMYSIUM, where it delivers a nerve impulse to an individual MUSCLE FIBER

when calcium ions bind to troponin, which of the following then occurs

the myosin binding sites on actin are exposed

spread of a muscle impulse along the sarcolemma, then down the ______,causes calcium ions to leak out of the SR into the sacroplasm of the muscle fiber

transverse tubules

as the troponin changes shape (due to binding calcium) it moves the BLANk molecule to which it is attached thus exposing the active sites on the G-actin molecules

tropomyosin

True or false: skeletal muscle is usually attached to the skeleton, but it is also found at the openings between the digestive tract and the external environment and the urinary tract and the opening to the external environment

true. skeletal muscle makes up the sphincters that guard the openings to the urinary and digestive system

true or false: playing the piano with your fingers uses very small motor units

true. small motor units control muscles that are used for precision

thick filaments are about BLANK the diameter of thin filaments

two times the diameter of thin filaments

match each excitation-contraction coupling event with its location in the muscle cell

-Development of an end-plate potential (EPP): Motor end plate -Release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm: Terminal cisternae of the SR -Carrying of an action potential from the sarcolemma to SR: Transverse (t) tubules -Generation of an action potential: sarcolemma

neuromuscular junction:

-calcium ions: moves into the axonal terminal -sodium ions: moves into the sarcoplasm -acetylcholine: moves across the synaptic gap -potassium ions: moves out of the sarcoplasm

match each muscle unit with the connective tissue layer that surrounds it

-muscle: epimysium -fascicle: perimysium -muscle cell: endomysium

skeletal muscle fibers are classified into three types based on what two characteristics

-type of contraction -ATP supply

at maximal contraction of a muscle fiber, the thin filaments are pulled into the BLANK zone which disappears

H zone

in a sarcomere, the BLANK zone (or band) is the light, central region of the A band

H zone (or band)

BLANk distribute the muscle impulse throughout the inside of the muscle fiber

T-tubules

True or false: your biceps brachii muscle in your arm is an organ

TRUE: organs are made of two or more tissues and muscles contain muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and connective tissue

according to the sliding filament theory, the length of the BLANK band remains constant, but the BLANK zone disappears

according to the sliding filament theory, the length of the A band remains constant, but the H zone disappears

which of the following proteins are found in a thin filament? -elastin -tropomyosin -titin -actin -troponin -myosin

actin

contraction of a muscle fiber requires that the myosin heads in the thick filament bind to active sites on BLANK molecules within the thin filaments

actin molecules

slow and intermediate fibers require oxygen to produce ATP, so the metabolic reactions within these fibers are termed BLANK

aerobic

a muscle cell obtains ATP in the short term via what process

anaerobic respiration

a tendon that forms a thin, flattened sheet is called a/an BLANK

aponeurosis

the superficial fascia, composed of BLANK and adipose connective tissue, separates muscle from skin

areolar and adipose connective tissue

the connective tissue layers in muscle provide: protection, distribution sites for blood vessels and nerves, and a means of BLANK to the skeleton

attachment to the skeleton

at an NMJ the influx of BLANK ions into the synaptic knob causes the exocytosis of ACh into the synaptic cleft

calcium

when an action potential travels down t-tubules to the terminal cistern of the SR, what ion is released into the sarcoplasm

calcium

functionally, troponin provides a binding sit for BLANK ions

calcium ions

the shortening of muscle cells are called BLANK, a property that allows muscle cells to cause body movement

contraction

after exposure of the active sites on actin, myosin heads attach to the actin and form BLANK

cross bridges

myosin head attachment and pivoting do not require energy, but ATP is needed to the myosin head cross bridge to BLANK from actin and re-cock

detach

muscular dystrophy results from the lack of or an abnormal structure of which protein

dystrophin

muscle cells are said to have what characteristic because they can respond to stimulation from the nervous system?

excitability

The majority of skeletal muscle fibers in the body are _____ fibers.

fast glycolytic

each myosin strand has a free BLANK and an attached tail

free head and an attached tail

place the events that occur at a neuromuscular junction in order

1. nerve signal arrives at synaptic knob 2. calcium enters and binds synaptic vesicle 3. ACh is released via exocytosis into the synaptic cleft 4. ACh binds receptors on the motor end plate

acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft is needed so that BLANK will not continuously stimulate the cell to contract

ACh

in a thin filament, individual G-actin molecules are strung together to form BLANK

F-actin

Match the name of the component of a muscle fiber with its description -sarcolemma -muscle fiber -sarcoplasm -sarcoplasmic reticulum -T-tubule

Sarcolemma- plasma membrane of muscle fiber Muscle fiber- a muscle cell Sarcoplasm- cytoplasm of a muscle fiber Sarcoplasmic reticulum- smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fiber T-tubule- narrow, tubular extensions of the sercolemma into the sarcoplasm.