Anatomy Chapter 11 Test

The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.

closure of heart valves

Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm?

aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.

arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

What is the muscular layer of the heart wall?

myocardium

The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________.

neck

Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall?

active transport using proteins and ATP

The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________.

Label A

The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.

Label C

The bundle branches are indicated by ________.

Label D

The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.

Label E

Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

P

Which of the following promotes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure?

alcohol

Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion (and water) reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume?

aldosterone

Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery?

anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.

aorta

What is largest artery in the body?

aorta

An incompetent aortic semilunar valve would allow blood to backflow from the ________.

aorta to the left ventricle

Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?

aortic semilunar valve

Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart?

aortic semilunar valve

The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.

apex

What large blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

arteries

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.

atria; ventricles

The atrioventricular valves are closed when ________.

atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure

The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.

atrioventricular (AV)

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________.

blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary

Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed.

blood pressure; osmotic pressure

Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?

celiac trunk

The brachial vein ________.

drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________.

epicardium

Which of the following increases heart rate?

epinephrine

What does each femoral vein become as it enters the pelvis?

external iliac vein

The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.

foramen ovale

Which vessel feeds oxygenated blood into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) of the brain?

internal carotid artery

The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________.

interventricular septum

What structure divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle?

interventricular septum

All four heart valves are briefly closed as pressure begins to rise in the ventricles, a phase known as ________.

isovolumetric contraction

Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?

osmotic pressure

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________.

peripheral resistance

Which vein returns blood to the femoral vein?

popliteal vein

Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue due to the oxygenation of the blood being transported by each type of vessel. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins.

pulmonary

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.

pulmonary

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?

pulmonary vein

Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart?

pulmonary veins

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________.

pulse

Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point?

renal artery

Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta?

right and left coronary arteries

The sinoatrial node is located in the ________.

right atrium

The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.

right atrium and right ventricle

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

tricuspid valve

The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________.

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.

umbilical vein

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

valves

Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?

venae cavae

What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles?

chordae tendineae

During atrial diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________.

ventricles

Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.

lungs

The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.

mediastinum

What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called?

microcirculation

The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.

myocardium

Veins ________.

often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length.

0.8

The normal resting heart rate is about ________ times per minute.

75

Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava?

brachiocephalic vein

Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima?

capillaries

Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________.

coronary arteries

The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.

coronary sinus

Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the coronary arteries?

coronary sinus

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart?

coronary sinus

Cardiac output is the product of which two variables?

heart rate and stroke volume

The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________.

heart rate to decrease

The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________.

hepatic portal vein

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.

hypertension (high blood pressure)

What organs are served by the renal arteries and veins?

kidneys

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.

left ventricle

What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein?

liver

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?

right common carotid artery

Which of the following is often called the pacemaker of the heart?

sinoatrial (SA) node

You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________.

sinoatrial (SA) node

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ________.

stroke volume

What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat?

stroke volume (SV)

Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.

superior vena cava

Which term means heart contraction?

systole

Coronary artery disease results from ________.

the accumulation of fatty, calcified deposits within blood vessels

What drains capillary beds?

venules

The mitral valve is normally closed ________.

when the ventricle is in systole

The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.

Label B

Pulmonary arteries transport ________.

blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs

Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected?

tunica media

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels?

vasoconstriction