Anatomy chapter 12

Name & number of vessels that bring oxygenated blood to the left atrium

4...pulmonary veins

Average heart beat per minute

72

Valves that prevent back flow of blood into the venticles. (give names & location)

Aortic semi lunar valve located between left ventricle and aorta And the pulmonary semi lunar valve located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

P wave represents

Atria in systole, depolarizing, electrically stimulated

Term used for a slow heart rate of under 40 beats per minute

Bradycardia

Name & locate the 3 layers of the heart wall

Epicardium - the outer layer of the wall of the heart. It is composed of connective tissue covered by epithelium. The epicardium is also known as the visceral pericardium. Myocardium - muscular middle layer of the wall of the heart. It is composed of spontaneously contracting cardiac muscle fibers which allow the heart to contract. Endocardium - inner layer of the heart. It consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue.

Define Starling's Law of the Heart

More the cardiac muscle fibers are stretched the more forcefully they contract

Stimulates the myocardium of the ventricles

Purkinje's fibers

Upper chambers of the heart

Right and left atrium-small with thin walls

Known as the pace maker of the heart & initiates the contraction of the heart

SA node

Term used for a fast heart rate over 100 beats per minute

Tachycardia

What is the function of the heart valves?

To prevent back flow of blood

Valve that separates the right atrium and right ventricle

Tricuspid valve

cardiac cycle

a complete heartbeat

Define cardiac output

amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in 1 minute

Define stroke volume

amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per beat

Chest pain is called

angina

List the path that blood takes beginning in the left ventricle

aortic semi-lunar valve, aorta, superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semi- lunar valve, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve

Valve that separates the left atrium and left ventricle (give 2 names)

bicuspid/mitral valve

Another name for a heart attack

cardiac arrest

Define & explain pulmonary circulation

carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart

Define & explain systemic circulation

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart

When the ventricles are in systole, the AV valves are _________.

closed

When the AV valves are closed the atriums are said to be in __________.

diastole

term used to refer to as a state of relaxation

diastole

Define the pericardial sac

double walled layer of tissue which surrounds the heart and the large blood vessels which supply it.

Name 4 risk factors to Coronary artery disease that we cannot control.

family history, gender, age, diabetes

conduction system

generates and distributes electrical impulses to myocardium to contract

High blood pressure is called

hypertension

Name 4 risk factors to Coronary artery disease that we can control

lack of exercise, smoking, unhealthy eating, alcohol consumption

Define coronary artery disease

narrowing of the small blood vessels

Reduced blood flow to the coronary arteries

occurs when plaque builds up...leads to heart attack

What does it mean when it's said that the heart is a double pump

one side of the heart is pumping deoxygenated blood while the other side pumps oxygenated blood

If the atriums are in diastole, the semi lunar valves are ________.

open

If the atriums are in systole, the AV valves are ________.

open

Vessels that bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs to exchange gases

right and left pulmonary arteries

lower chambers of the heart

right and left ventricles-thicker walls

Vessels that bring deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

superior and inferior vena cava

A term used to refer to as a state of contraction

systole

Function & location of the coronary arteries in relation to the aorta

to supply the walls of the heart with oxygenated blood...branch off aorta just passed aortic semilunar

t wave represents

ventricles in diastole on ekg, bundles are repolarizing

QRS represents

ventricles in systole...bundle of his is depolarizing

Define athrosclerosis

when cholesterol, fatty material and calcium build up in arteries -disease of the arteries in which plaque accumulates on the inside of the arterial walls