Anatomy Chapter 24 Kidney

30) How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine?

A) 1%

55) Which of the following is found exclusively in the renal medulla?

A) nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons

19) Cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids.

B) minor calyx

31) Which of the following supportive tissues is most superficial?

B) pararenal fat

32) Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the

B) renal pelvis.

75) Cortical nephrons are different from juxtamedullary nephrons in that

C) their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment.

57) The layer of podocytes is the same as the

C) visceral layer of glomerular capsule.

40) The kidneys lie behind the ________ cavity.

A) abdominal

29) The most superficial layer of the kidney is the

A) cortex.

63) The embryonic urogenital sinus

A) derives from the cloaca.

76) When Melinda was asked to identify a "mystery" slide on a histology test, she immediately identified it as renal cortex because of the presence of scattered

A) renal corpuscles.

22) The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity.

A) retroperitoneal

58) Of the following, the only epithelial type that does not line the urethra is

A) simple squamous.

18) A large fat-filled space within the kidney that also contains the renal pelvis, blood vessels, and nerves.

A) sinus

70) In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the macula densa belongs to the

A) terminal nephron loop.

67) During a dissection, Arnie saw the ureters entering the lateral corners of the bladder but found the internal openings of the ureters in the trigone near the midline of the bladder. His observation necessarily means that

A) the ureters run medially for some distance within the posterior bladder wall.

54) Based on what you know about the location of the kidneys in the posterior abdominal wall, the hilum of the kidney must be at the level of which vertebra?

B) L1 or L2

60) Pyelography is

B) a type of X-ray procedure (radiology).

79) An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to

B) an increase in the production of ADH.

47) Which segment of the nephron has a simple squamous epithelium?

B) descending limb of the nephron loop

39) The function of the collecting duct is to

B) determine the final volume and concentration of urine.

23) Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder.

B) detrusor

26) Which of the following is not normally found in urine?

B) glucose

17) The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney.

B) hilum

50) From which embryonic tissue layer(s) does the kidney arise?

B) mesoderm

51) Which of the following is not usually associated with the formation of renal calculi?

B) polyurea

68) The parts of the nephron whose epithelial cells contain the most mitochondria are the

B) proximal and distal tubules.

56) The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells are most responsible for resorption and secretion is the

B) proximal tubule.

78) Urine passes through the

B) renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra.

37) Which of the following is not found in the renal corpuscle?

B) the nephron loop

80) The epithelium lining the urinary bladder that permits distension is

B) transitional.

44) Why are urinary tract infections more common in females than in males?

C) In females the urethra is shorter than in males.

81) Which gland sits atop each kidney?

C) adrenal

61) Arteries that branch to form the afferent arterioles to the glomeruli are

C) cortical radiate arteries.

36) Which of the following processes does not participate in the production of urine in the kidney?

C) evaporation

16) Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole.

C) glomerulus

71) Another name for the neck of the bladder is the

C) inferior angle.

34) Which vessels lie within the renal columns?

C) interlobar arteries

41) The name of the inferior of the three openings in the trigone of the bladder is the

C) internal urethral orifice.

52) The left renal vein ________ the right renal vein.

C) is longer than

21) Region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate.

C) macula densa

38) The only embryonic kidney that survives into adulthood is the

C) metanephros.

27) If you looked closely at the tip of a renal papilla with a hand lens, the hundreds of little openings you would see on its surface are

C) openings of papillary ducts.

69) In the micturition reflex, the detrusor muscle is stimulated to contract by

C) parasympathetic fibers.

74) The micturition center is located in the

C) pons of the brain stem.

46) Which of the following would not inhibit micturition?

C) relaxation of the internal urethal sphincter

62) Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney?

C) renal corpuscles

73) Which structure(s) is (are) most important for holding the kidney in place in the abdomen?

C) renal fascia

72) The longest of the three parts of the male urethra is the

C) spongy urethra.

42) Renin is produced in

C) the granular cells.

45) Which of the following conditions is most often seen in elderly males with prostatic hyperplasia?

C) urinary retention

59) Which of the following statements about the internal urethral sphincter is false?

D) It is surrounded by the urogential diaphragm.

64) The ureters develop from

D) a duct that branches from the mesonephric duct.

65) The external urethral sphincter is located

D) at the urogenital diaphragm.

77) Which of the following regions of the nephron is most likely to be found in the renal medulla?

D) collecting duct

20) 85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney.

D) cortical

35) Which of the following is not part of the filtration membrane?

D) granular cells

43) The mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae)

D) have the same basic function as transitional epithelium—accommodating stretch as the bladder fills.

28) Vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the

D) medial hilum.

66) The condition in which the metanephros has failed to ascend is

D) pelvic kidney.

33) Infection of the renal pelvic and calyces is known as

D) pyelitis.

48) An important difference between a cuboidal epithelial cell of the proximal versus the distal convoluted tubules is that

D) the proximal tubule cells have long microvilli that are fewer than or absent from the distal tubule cells.

49) An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that

D) the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex.

24) Ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla.

D) vasa recta

53) Which of the following statements about the urinary bladder is false?

A) In females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum.

25) Blood vessel that contains granular cells involved in blood pressure regulation.

A) afferent arteriole