Anatomy: Chapter 6 Exam Review

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What creates the alternating light and dark bands that provides the striation pattern on skeletal muscle tissue?

A bands and I bands

Leaning against an immovable wall while waiting for a bus is a type of ________.

Isometric contraction

One neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates is known as a ________.

Motor unit

An elderly man fell down his stairs and was diagnosed with an injury to his tibialis anterior muscle. Evaluate the following actions to determine how his mobility will be impaired in the coming weeks.

Moving the foot down while walking

The state of continuous partial muscle contractions is known as ________.

Muscle tone

Which organelle stores calcium in muscle fibers?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

What is released by axon terminals into the synaptic cleft to stimulate a muscle to contract?

The neurotransmitter ACh or Acetylcholine

Which type of filament is anchored to the Z disc within a myofibril?

Thin filaments

A neuromuscular junction consists of one neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates.

True

Abduction and adduction are antagonistic actions.

True

All muscles have at least two attachments: the origin and the insertion.

True

Cardiac and skeletal muscle both possess striations.

True

Cardiac muscle fibers are joined by special gap junctions called intercalated discs; these discs allow heart activity to be closely coordinated.

True

The deepest muscle of the abdominal wall is the transversus abdominis.

True

The deltoid muscle is a common site for intramuscular injections.

True

The neurotransmitter used by the nervous system to activate skeletal muscle cells is acetylcholine.

True

The sarcoplasmic reticulum wraps like a sleeve around the myofibril and stores and releases calcium.

True

The striations seen in skeletal muscle are actually alternating dark A and light I bands.

True

What is covered by the endomysium?

an individual muscle cell

What condition results if muscles are not used, such as when immobilized in a cast for healing a broken bone?

atrophy

Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation from a nerve impulse from the ________.

axon terminals of the motor neuron

Which of the following muscles are antagonists?

biceps brachii and triceps brachii

Which of the following is not> a function of the muscular system?

blood cell formation

Like the biceps brachii muscle, which muscle is a prime mover in elbow flexion?

brachialis

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a trumpet called the ________.

buccinator

Striated involuntary muscle tissue is classified as ________ muscle.

cardiac

Striated involuntary muscle tissue found in the heart is ________.

cardiac muscle

The arrangement of fascicles in orbicularis oris is ________.

circular

Muscle tissue has the ability to shorten when adequately stimulated, a characteristic known as ________.

contractility

The prime mover of arm abduction is the ________ muscle.

deltoid

According to the sliding filament theory, how does muscle contraction occur?

myosin heads form cross bridges and pull thin filaments, causing them to slide

The point of muscle attachment to an immovable or less movable bone is known as the ________.

origin

Which of these muscles is located on the ventral (anterior) side of the body?

pectoralis major

Which muscle helps compress the abdominal contents during defecation or childbirth

rectus abdominis

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________.

sarcolemma

What organelle wraps and surrounds the myofibril and stores calcium?

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which term does >not describe smooth muscle cells?

skeletal

The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________.

synaptic cleft

Which of the following muscles acts as a synergist to the masseter and closes the jaw?

temporalis

A sarcomere is ________.

the contractile unit between two Z discs

Which of the following is composed mostly of the protein myosin?

thick filaments

Jason injured his hamstring muscle group during football practice. He will be unable to perform ________.

thigh extension, knee flexion

Which of these muscles is the prime mover of elbow extension?

triceps brachii

Which facial muscle is considered the "smiling" muscle since it raises the corners of the mouth?

zygomaticus

Isometric contractions produce movement when filaments slide past one another and the muscle shortens.

False

Muscles will hypertrophy if they are not used continually.

False

Smooth muscle cells produce movement of the body and generate heat.

False

Supination and pronation refer to up and down movements of the foot at the ankle.

False

The deltoid is a prime mover of arm adduction.

False

Plantar flexion at the ankle joint is accomplished by the tibialis anterior muscle.

False This is false. The tibialis posterior muscle works towards plantar flexion.

Which muscle forms the curved calf of the posterior leg?

Gastrocnemius

While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________.

abduction

Sandra is playing the piano for her recital. Which muscle is not involved in the movement of her hands and/or fingers?

extensor digitorum longus

Which movement is antagonistic to extension?

flexion

A smooth, sustained contraction, with no evidence of relaxation, is called

fused or complete tetanus

Which muscle group includes the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus?

hamstring group

What is the main function of the quadriceps group?

knee extension

Which of the following consists of two large, flat muscles that cover the lower back?

latissimus dorsi

Which of the following is a type isometric exercise in which muscles increase in size and strength?

lifting weights/pushing against a wall

Which one of the following is not a criterion generally used in naming muscles?

method of attachment of the muscle to bone

An inherited disease that causes muscles to degenerate and atrophy is known as ________.

muscular dystrophy


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