Anatomy, Chapter 8
Match 1) "White of the eye" 2) Blood-rich tunic that 3) Smooth muscle structures 4) Flexible biconvex crystal-like 5) Circularly and radially I) lens arranged pigmented smooth muscle fibers 6) Rounded opening through 7) Contains millions of photoreceptors 8) Area of greatest visual acuity 9) Blind spot A) choroid B) suspensory ligaments C) retina contains dark pigment D) fovea centralis E) pupil attached to the lens F) extrinsic eye muscles G) ciliary body structure H) sclera I) lens arranged pigmented smooth muscle fibers J) optic disc K) cornea which light passes L) optic disk M) iris
1) H 2) A 3) G 4) I 5) M 6) E 7) C 8) D 9) J
Match 10) Pinna 11) Tympanic membrane 12) Auditory tube 13) Malleus 14) Incus 15) Stapes 16) Cochlea 17) Spiral organ of Corti 18) Semicircular canals 19) Vestibule A) links the inner ear and the cochlea B) stirrup C) eardrum D) anvil E) outer ear F) contains the receptors for static equilibrium G) hammer H) contains the ossicles I) middle ear J) links the middle ear and the throat K) snail-like subdivision of the osseous labyrinth L) contains the cochlea M) saddle horn N) contains the hair cells O) contains the receptors for dynamic equilibrium P) wedge Q) contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium
10) E 11) C 12) J 13) G 14) D 15) B 16) K 17) N 18) Q 19) F
Match 20) Sugar, saccharine 21) Oranges, tomatoes 22) Amino acid glutamate 23) Alkaloids 24) Metal ions in solution 25) Hydrogen ions in solution A) bitter receptors B) sweet receptors C) salty receptors D) umami receptors E) sour receptors
20) B 21) E 22) D 23) A 24) C 25) E
Match 26) Nearsightedness 27) Increased pressure within the eye 28) Blurry images due to unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens 29) Eyeball is "too short" 30) Inflammation of the conjunctiva 31) Prolonged vitamin A deficiency results in deterioration of the neural retina A) glaucoma B) myopia C) cataracts D) astigmatism E) night blindness F) presbyopia G) hyperopia H) conjunctivitis
26) B 27) A 28) D 29) G 30) H 31) E
11) The pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes is the: A) iris B) lens C) cornea D) sclera E) retina
A
20) Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye: A) cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor B) aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor C) vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea D) cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor E) lens, aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous humor
A
22) Sound waves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum, also known as the: A) tympanic membrane B) pinna C) auricle D) oval window E) ossicles
A
24) The pathway of vibrations through the ossicles from the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to the oval window is: A) malleus, incus, stapes B) incus, malleus, stapes C) stapes, incus, malleus D) malleus, stapes, incus E) stapes, malleus, incus
A
30) Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called: A) hair cells B) rod cells C) cone cells D) Corti cells E) ceruminous cells
A
31) The portion of the bony labyrinth responsible for static equilibrium is the: A) vestibule B) semicircular canals C) cochlea D) oval window E) ossicles
A
37) Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to: A) lemons B) beef steak C) sugar D) salt E) saccharine
A
9) The middle coat of the eyeball that contains pigment which prevents light from scattering in the eyeball is the: A) choroid B) cornea C) retina D) pupil E) sclera
A
Which of the following is a syndesmosis?
A fibrous joint, without joint cavity, classified as a synarthroses, that is important for stabilizing your knee
The Focus of Synovial Joints has examined a number of types of movement and the joints in which they are located. Review type you have studied, and select a true statement or characteristics of uniaxial movement in a representative joint.
A person curls his or her fingers, and the phalanges flex at the interphalangeal joints.
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? A) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. B) They allow movement only in one plane. C) They allow movement in several planes. D) They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.
A) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
Which below is not a correct match? A) synchondrosis-peg-in-socket B) synovial-knee joint C) symphysis-pad of fibrocartilage D) gomphosis-periodontal ligament E) syndesmosis-anterior cruciate
A) synchondrosis-peg-in-socket
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?
All synovial joints are freely movable.
10) Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones: A) sclera B) retina C) choroid D) iris E) optic nerve
B
13) The greatest visual acuity is found at the: A) optic disc B) fovea centralis C) iris D) ciliary body E) lens
B
21) Receptors stimulated by the physical forces that cause movement of fluid or vibration within the body are: A) chemoreceptors B) mechanoreceptors C) thermoreceptors D) proprioceptors E) gustatory receptors
B
23) Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the: A) auditory tube B) spiral organ of Corti C) oval window D) auricle E) ossicles
B
27) The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also called the: A) malleus B) incus C) stapes D) bony labyrinth E) cochlea
B
29) Dynamic equilibrium receptors are found in the: A) cochlea B) semicircular canals C) malleus D) oval window E) vestibule
B
3) The highly contagious bacterial infection known as "pinkeye" is caused by bacterial or viral irritation of the: A) choroid B) conjunctiva C) cornea D) retina E) sclera
B
36) Which one of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in either taste or smell: A) facial nerve (VII) B) vestibular (VIII) C) glossopharyngeal (IX) D) vagus (X) E) olfactory nerve (I)
B
38) The congenital condition of "crossed eyes" is also known as: A) hemianopia B) strabismus C) presbyopia D) myopia E) hyperopia
B
6) Inflammation of the conjunctiva involves which of the following: A) circular band surrounding the pupil B) delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the front of the eyeball C) glands that produce tears D) portion of the eye that contains the optic nerve E) extrinsic eye muscles
B
8) The transparent central anterior portion of the sclera through which light enters the eye is called the: A) choroid B) cornea C) iris D) pupil E) retina
B
Which of the following is a true statement? A) The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint. B) The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius. C) The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process. D) The greater tubercule of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.
B) The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
Which below is not a correct match? A) syndesmosis-fibrous B) synchondrosis-fibrous C) synovial-cavity D) suture-fibrous E) gomphosis-fibrous
B) synchondrosis-fibrous
Syndesmosis
Bones are connected exclusively by ligaments.
Symphysis
Bones united by fibrocartilage
Which of the following is one difference between bursae and tendon sheaths?
Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons.
1) The oily secretions that lubricate the eye are produced by the: A) ceruminous glands B) lacrimal glands C) tarsal glands D) apocrine glands E) ciliary glands
C
14) The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the: A) inferior larimal canal B) nasolacrimal duct C) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) D) ciliary body E) pupil
C
15) Which one of the following is NOT true of color blindness: A) it is sex-linked, inherited homeostatic imbalance B) it results from lack of cones C) it occurs most often in women D) it is caused by a defect in genes on the X (female) sex chromosome E) lack of red or green receptors is the most common type
C
17) What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina: A) iris B) sclera C) lens D) choroid E) optic chiasma
C
18) The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or: A) emmetropia B) hyperopia C) myopia D) astigmatism E) presbyopia
C
19) Eyes suddenly exposed to bright light experience: A) convergence B) accommodation pupillary reflex C) photopupillary reflex D) eyestrain E) hemianopia
C
34) Which one of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation: A) sweet B) salty C) pungent D) bitter E) sour
C
39) The decreased lens elasticity associated with aging that makes it difficult to focus on near objects is known as: A) hemianopia B) strabismus C) presbyopia D) myopia E) hyperopia
C
40) The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is: A) taste B) smell C) vision D) hearing E) touch
C
Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.
Correct provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
16) The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the: A) aqueous humor B) ciliary body C) choroid coat D) vitreous humor E) canal of Schlemm
D
2) Tarsal glands associated with the edges of the eyelids are considered modified: A) ceruminous glands B) sweat glands C) lacrimal glands D) sebaceous glands E) apocrine glands
D
26) An ear infection following an illness such as a cold has passed from the throat through the auditory tube to the: A) eardrum B) semicircular canals C) inner ear D) middle ear E) outer ear
D
28) Which one of the following is NOT part of the inner ear? A) cochlea B) vestibule C) semicircular canals D) ossicles E) membranous labyrinth
D
32) Sensorineural deafness occurs when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells of the: A) semicircular canals B) spiral organ of Corti C) ossicles D) spiral organ of Corti or cochlear nerve E) round window
D
33) Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to: A) sight B) hearing C) dynamic equilibrium D) smell E) both hearing and dynamic equilibrium
D
4) The gland that produces tears in the eye is called the: A) tarsal gland B) ceruminous gland C) sebaceous gland D) lacrimal gland E) ciliary gland
D
5) Which cranial nerve is responsible for moving the eye laterally: A) cranial nerve VI (abducens) B) cranial nerve III (oculomotor) C) cranial nerve II (optic) D) cranial nerve IV (trochlear) E) cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear)
D
7) The fibrous outermost tunic seen anteriorily as the "white of the eye" is the: A) cornea B) choroid C) retina D) sclera E) fovea centralis
D
Which below is not a structure of a synovial joint? A) synovial fluid B) joint (synovial) cavity C) reinforcing ligaments D) hyaluronic connections E) articular cartilage
D) hyaluronic connections
What is the type of movement for: Flat bones sliding past one another Movement between adjacent carpal bones Vertebral processes gliding past one another
Description of nonaxial movement
What is the type of movement for: Flexion at the elbow Rotation of a bone on one axis
Description of other types of movement
12) The three sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light that are: A) red, green, and yellow B) red, blue, and yellow C) green, yellow, and purple D) orange, green, and purple E) blue, green, and red
E
25) Equilibrium receptors are located in the: A) ossicles B) external ear C) middle ear D) tympanic membrane E) inner ear
E
35) Which one of the following nerves serves the anterior tongue: A) cochlear B) vestibular C) glossopharyngeal D) vagus E) facial
E
Which below is not a correct match? A) syndesmosis-synarthrosis B) gomphosis-synarthrosis C) synovial-diarthrosis D) synchondrosis-synarthrosis E) symphysis-diarthrosis
E) symphysis-diarthrosis
(T OR F) A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids
FALSE
(T OR F) All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.
FALSE
(T OR F) Cruciate ligaments are important ligaments that stabilize all ball-and-socket joints.
FALSE
(T OR F) Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.
FALSE
(T OR F) Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.
FALSE
(T OR F) Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility.
FALSE
(T OR F) The ligamentum teres represents a very important stabilizing ligament for the hip joint.
FALSE
(T OR F) The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.
FALSE
(T OR F) The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.
FALSE
A nonaxial movement is usually seen at a joint such as a hinge.
False
A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.
False
All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.
False
Chondromalacia patellae is hardening of the articular cartilage on the posterior patella surface.
False
Cruciate ligaments are important ligaments that stabilize all ball-and-socket joints.
False
Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.
False
Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.
False
T/F: A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.
False
T/F: All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.
False
T/F: Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.
False
T/F: Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.
False
T/F: Pronation is a much stronger movement than supination.
False
T/F: Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility.
False
T/F: The most important factor in joint stability is the depth of the articular surface
False
T/F: The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.
False
T/F: The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.
False
The knee joint allows for extension and flexion only.
False
The ligamentum teres represents a very important stabilizing ligament for the hip joint.
False
The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.
False
The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.
False
True/False 1) The conjunctiva is another name for the sclera.
False
True/False 12) The function of the auditory tube is to transmit sound vibrations.
False
True/False 16) Dynamic equilibrium receptors report the position of the head with respect to the pull of gravity when the body is not moving.
False
True/False 18) Unlike the taste sensation, it is NOT necessary to have the chemicals associated with smells dissolved in body fluids.
False
True/False 19) The olfactory receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.
False
True/False 2) Tears are secreted from lacrimal glands located on the medial end of each eye.
False
True/False 4) Gross eye movements are produced by five extrinsic eye muscles attached to the outer surface of each eye.
False
True/False 5) In close vision and bright light, the pupil will dilate.
False
True/False 6) Cones enable vision in dim light.
False
True/False 8) There are two varieties of cones; one responds to red light and the other responds to green light.
False
A FIBROUS JOINT THAT IS A PEG- IN- SOCKET CALLED A ________ JOINT.
GOMPHOSIS
Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?
Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
Gomphosis example
Gums
Which of the following is true regarding the structures indicated by the arrow in Figure A? (fibrous suture, syndesmosis, and gomphosis)
It becomes ossified in late adult development.
Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?
It contains hyaluronic acid.
Suture
Joint found only in the skull.
Which is correct about development of joints?
Joints develop in parallel with bones.
Which of the following is a correct statement about development of joints?
Joints develop in parallel with bones.
__________ glands are located on the lateral end of each eye
Lacrimal
Which inflammatory joint disease is caused by the bites of ticks that live on mice and deer?
Lyme disease
18) The serious inner ear condition that causes nausea, vertigo, and progressive deafness is called __________.
Meniere's syndrome
Maggie is a 28-year-old Caucasian woman who has newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). She complains of painful, stiff hands and feet, feeling tired all the time, and reports on intermittent low-grade fever. She asks the nurse if she is going to be "crippled." How should the nurse respond?
RA is a chronic, systematic, inflammatory disorder. Inflammation occurs in the joint, and the fluid that accumulates causes swelling, stiffness, impairment of joint movement, and extreme pain.
A JOINT UNITED BY DEFENSE FIBROCARTILAGINOUS TISSUE THAT USUALLY PERMITS A SLIGHT DEGREE OF MOVEMENT IS A ____________.
SYMPHYSIS
Suture example
Skull
________ are cartilaginous joints.
Synchondroses
(T OR F) A BALL- AND - SOCKET JOINT IS A MULTIAXIAL JOINT
TRUE
(T OR F) A MOVEMENT OF THEE FOREARM IN WHICH THE PALM OF THE HAND IS TURNED FROM POSTERIOR TO ANTERIOR IS SUPINATION.
TRUE
(T OR F) A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.
TRUE
(T OR F) Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.
TRUE
(T OR F) Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.
TRUE
(T OR F) Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.
TRUE
(T OR F) Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris.
TRUE
(T OR F) Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.
TRUE
(T OR F) The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints.
TRUE
(T OR F) The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.
TRUE
(T OR F) The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.
TRUE
(T OR F) The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement.
TRUE
(T OR F) The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.
TRUE
Which of the following statements is true?
The anular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the two bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint.
The trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.
Which of the following best describes all of the fibrous joints in this figure?
They are immovable.
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?
They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
Syndesmosis example
Tibia and Fibia
Gomphosis
Tooth in socket.
A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.
True
A movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior is supination.
True
A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.
True
Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.
True
Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.
True
Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.
True
Moving the arm in a full circle is an example of circumduction.
True
Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris.
True
Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.
True
T/F: A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.
True
T/F: A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.
True
T/F: Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.
True
T/F: Despite having an actual articulation with the humerus, the hinge-like action at the elbow is NOT dependent on the radius.
True
T/F: Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as the shoulder joint.
True
T/F: Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction.
True
T/F: Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is tuned anteriorly or superiority.
True
T/F: Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris
True
T/F: Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by a filtration from blood.
True
T/F: Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.
True
T/F: The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of that joint.
True
T/F: The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
True
T/F: The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.
True
T/F: The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.
True
T/F: The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to unite bones and prevent undesirable movement.
True
T/F: The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.
True
The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints.
True
The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.
True
The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.
True
The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement.
True
The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.
True
True/False 10) The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision.
True
True/False 11) The pinna, also called the auricle, is what most people call the "ear."
True
True/False 13) The "stirrup" is also referred to as the stapes.
True
True/False 14) The bony labyrinth of the internal ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals.
True
True/False 15) In order to hear sound, vibrations pass from the eardrum to the ossicles, and on to the oval window.
True
True/False 17) Deafness is defined as hearing loss ranging from slight to total loss.
True
True/False 20) There are five basic taste sensations that correspond to one of the five major types of taste buds.
True
True/False 3) The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.
True
True/False 7) The ciliary body is a smooth muscle structure to which the lens is attached.
True
True/False 9) An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens
True
Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements? a. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints. b. Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs. c. An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head. d. Gliding movements are multiaxial.
a. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid? a. It contains hyaluronic acid. b. It contains enzymes only. c. It contains hydrochloric acid. d. It contains lactic acid.
a. It contains hyaluronic acid.
Which of the following are cartilaginous joints? a. Synchondroses b. Syndesmoses c. Gomphoses d. Sutures
a. Synchondroses
Which of the following is NOT an example of a fibrous joint? a. a symphysis b. a suture c. a syndesmosis d. a gomphosis
a. a symphysis
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________. a. amphiarthrosis b. synarthroses c. diarthroses d. synovial joints
a. amphiarthrosis
Which joints are correctly matched? a. ankle; hinge b. elbow; pivot c. wrist; saddle d. interphalangeal; plane
a. ankle; hinge
Synarthrotic joints ________. a. are immovable joints b. characterize all cartilaginous joints c. are found only in adults d. have large joint cavities
a. are immovable joints
Which of the following statements defines synchondroses? a. cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones b. interphalangeal joints c. amphirathrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility d. joints that permit angular movements
a. cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint? a. diarthrotic b. biaxial c. pivot d. cartilaginous
a. diarthrotic
Which type of movement does NOT occur at the shoulder joint? a. gliding b. rotation c. extension d. abduction
a. gliding
Sprains indicate damage to what joint component?
a. ligaments
Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________. a. rare because of the ligament reinforcement b. common due to the weight bearing the hip endures c. common in all people who are overweight d. rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint
a. rare because of the ligament reinforcement
Fibrous joints are classified as ________. a. sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses b. symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular c. pivot, hinge, and ball and socket d. hinge, saddle, and ellipsodial
a. sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target? a. ulnar collateral ligament b. anular ligament c. lateral ligament d. acetabular labrum
a. ulnar collateral ligament
What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called?
abduction
What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?
abduction
When one is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane, it is called _____.
abduction
Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.
abduction and adduction
Tendon sheaths ________.
act as friction-reducing structures
28) Bitter receptors on the tongue's taste buds respond to __________.
alkaloids
1. Joints are
also called articulations the site where 2 or more bones meet give the skeleton mobility
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.
amphiarthroses
The ______ ligament holds the radius to the ulna at the proximal end.
annular
12) The lens divides the eye into two segments, the __________ and the __________ segments.
anterior (aqueous); posterior (vitreous)
Which ligament holds the radius to the ulna at the proximal end?
anular
To realign anteriorly dislocated Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a physician must push the mandible inferiorly and posteriorly in order to move the mandibular condyle past the temporal bone's ________.
articular tubercle
2. The site where two or more bones join is called a(n)
articulation
Which of the following statements is correct? a. If a joint can exhibit adduction and abduction, then it is biaxial. b. If a joint can exhibit extension, abduction, and rotation, it is triaxial. c. If a joint can exhibit flexion, extension, and abduction, then it is triaxial. d. A joint that exhibits adduction and extension is uniaxial.
b. If a joint can exhibit extension, abduction, and rotation, it is triaxial.
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? a. They occur only between bones with flat articular processes. b. They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. c. They allow movement only in one plane. d. They turn a bone along its own axis.
b. They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones
Which of the following refers to a joint that is slightly movable? a. synarthrosis b. amphiarthrosis c. diarthrosis d. synovial
b. amphiarthrosis
To realign an anteriorly dislocated Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a physician must push the mandible inferiorly and posteriorly in order to move the mandibular condyle past the temporal bone's ________. a. mandibular fossa b. articular tubercle c. articular capsule d. articular disc
b. articular tubercle
Which of the following is NOT a functional classification for joints? a. synarthrosis b. cartilaginous c. diarthrosis d. amphiarthrosis
b. cartilaginous
The main reason the hip joint is stable is because of the ________. a. rotator cuff muscles b. deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments c. bulky hip and thigh muscles surrounding the joint d. muscle tendons that cross the joint
b. deep socket of the joint and strong capsular ligaments
Which of the following are correctly matched? a. tendonitis; inflammation of the joint b. osteoarthritis; chronic degenerative joint disease c. bursitis; uric acid crystals in the joint d. gout; inflammation of the tendons
b. osteoarthritis; chronic degenerative joint disease
Which of the following represents a structural classification for joints that are separated by a joint cavity? a. fibrous b. synovial c. diarthrosis d. cartilaginous
b. synovial
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the following is (are) damaged as a result? a. arcuate popliteal and posterior cruciate ligaments b. tibial collateral ligaments, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament c. oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligaments d. suprapatellar ligament
b. tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament
Which joint does NOT belong with the others? a. elbow b. wrist c. interphalangeal (toes) d. ankle
b. wrist
17) The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception (3-D vision) results in __________.
binocular vision
10. What is a flattened sac that reduces friction between adjacent structures during joint activity
bursae
12. Which of the following is not a factor at stabalizing joints.
bursae
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.
bursae
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called _____.
bursae
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.
bursae
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions when you pound your feet on the pavement where friction develops are called:
bursae
In classification of joints, which of the following is true? a. In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present b. Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses c. All synovial joints are freely movable d. Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
c. All synovial joints are freely movable.
Which of the following is true about the shoulder joint? a. Ligaments surround the glenohumeral joint on all sides and strengthen the joint. b. The deepness of the glenoid strengthens the joint overall. c. The glenohumeral joint is more mobile, making it less stable. d. Many muscles cross the glenohumeral joint and limit the mobility of the joint.
c. The glenohumeral joint is more mobile, making it less stable.
Tendon sheaths ________. a. are extensions of periosteum b. are lined with dense irregular connective tissue c. act as friction-reducing structures d. help anchor the tendon to the muscle
c. act as friction-reducing structures
Which of the following ligaments prevents the tibia from sliding toward the knee joint? a. oblique popliteal ligament b. tibial collateral ligament c. anterior cruciate ligament d. arcuate popliteal ligament
c. anterior cruciate ligament
The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint. a. nonaxial b. uniaxial c. multiaxial d. biaxial
c. multiaxial
Which of the following are correctly paired? a. nonaxial movement; no movement b. biaxial joint; permits movement in one plane and around one axis c. multiaxial movement; movement in all three planes and around all three axes d. uniaxial joint; permits only slipping or gliding movements
c. multiaxial movement; movement in all three planes and around all three axes
The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________. a. are also called collateral ligaments b. tend to run parallel to one another c. prevent hyperextension of the knee d. attach to each other in their midportions
c. prevent hyperextension of the knee
Which joint had sacrificed stability to provide great freedom of movement? a. knee b. ankle c. shoulder d. elbow
c. shoulder
On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint? a. symphysis b. synchondrosis c. syndesmosis d.pivot
c. syndesmosis
Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
A joint held together by fibrocartilage would be classified as a __________ joint.
cartilaginous
Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?
cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
18. Lyme disease is:
caused by a bacteria
19) Earwax is produced by __________.
ceruminous glands
26) The receptors for taste and smell are classified as __________.
chemoreceptors
28. This movement is the combination of several movements
circumduction
20) The three subdivisions of the bony labyrinth of the internal ear are __________, __________, and __________.
cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals
The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.
cruciate ligaments
The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called:
cruciate ligaments
Antibiotic treatment would be recommended for ________. a. osteoarthritis b. gout c. rheumatoid arthritis d. Lyme disease
d. Lyme disease
Which of the following represents a correct statement about multiaxial joints? a. The ball-and-socket joint permits only one angular motion. b. The articulating surfaces in the multiaxial joint are a cylindrical bone and a trough-shaped bone. c. The rounded end of the proximal metacarpal fitting into the distal surface if the carpal bone of the wrist is a classic ball-and-socket joint. d. Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint.
d. Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint.
Which statement about the knee is INCORRECT? a. Several ligaments cross the knee to stabilize the knee in several directions. b. Several bursae secrete synovial fluid to lubricate the knee. c. The knee is vulnerable to lateral forces that can cause injury. d. The deep cups created by the tibial condyles help to stabilize the joint.
d. The deep cups created by the tibial condyles help to stabilize the joint.
Which of the following is a feature of synovial joints? a. bone ends covered with fibrocartilage b. an empty joint cavity c. synarthosis d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage
d. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage
Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________. a. cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together b. the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly c. the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella d. fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, which prevent lateral or medial rotation
d. fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, which prevent lateral or medial rotation
Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of a synovial joint? a. synovial fluid b. a capsule that creates a space in the joint c. ligaments connecting the two bones of the joint d. hyaline cartilage connecting the two bones of the joint
d. hyaline cartilage connecting the two bones of the joint
Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones? a. abduction b. circumduction c. extension d. rotation
d. rotation
Which of the following are correctly paired? a. gomphosis; articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing cavity b. syndesmosis; bony edges interlock c. suture; bones connected exclusively by ligaments d. synchondrosis; a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones
d. synchondrosis; a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones
21. The hip joint is an example of a
diarthosis
8. All synovial joints are
diathrotic
Examples of uniaxial movement permitted at the surface of bones can be found at these two articulations
distal humerus to proximal ulna and proximal ulna to radius
38. The trochlear notch helps stabalize what joint?
elboe
36. The collateral ligaments are found at which joints
elbow and knee
30. Biting into food involves what movements
elevation and depression
What can cause gouty arthritis?
excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints
Gouty arthritis is a painful condition caused by____.
excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints.
The six muscles attached to the outer surface of the eye that produce gross eye movements and make it possible for the eyes to follow objects are the __________.
extrinsic muscles
The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________.
feet
48. Articular disc are made of
fibrocartilage
Using the structural classification, what type of joint is a suture?
fibrous joint
All three joints in the figure are classified as __________. (Suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis)
fibrous joints
3. Which of the following correctly list the 3 structural types of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
26. What movement has occured when you bend your fingers to make a fist?
flexion
Which movement decreases the angle between articulating bones?
flexion
A cylinder-shaped bone articulating with a trough-shaped bone would exhibit ________ and ________.
flexion and extension
In a uniaxial movement at the elbow joint, the movement allowed is ________ and ________.
flexion and extension
If a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not properly repaired, the consequences could include the inability to prevent ________.
forward sliding of the tibia on the femur
10) The area of sharpest visual acuity that normally contains only cones is the __________.
fovea centralis
14) The eye condition resulting from the inability of the aqueous humor to drain from the eye is called __________.
glaucoma
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a __ joint.
gomphosis
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ___ joint.
gomphosis
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.
gomphosis
18) Loss of the same side of the visual field of both eyes from damage to the visual cortex on one side only is called __________.
hemianopia
14. This type of synovial joint is used to bend your fingertips to hang from a cliff
hinge
Which of these joint types affords uniaxial movement?
hinge
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?
hinge joint
In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.
hyaline cartilage
In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with:
hyaline cartilage
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.
hyperextension
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of___.
hyperextension
A joint that is known as a suture is found _____.
in the skull only
25. All of the following are synovial joints except
inter vertebral
29. When the sole of the feet are turn inward toward each other what movement has occured
inversion
24. A unique feature of a synovial joint is
joint cavity
39. Which body joint is most susceptible to sports injuries?
knee
40. Which synovial joint in the body is only partially enclosed in a joint capsule
knee
15. The knee is most subject to injury when what directional force is applied
lateral
Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ___.
lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements
Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.
lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements
The arrows in B and C point to structures that can both be described as __________. (syndesmosis, gomphosis)
ligaments
6. The _________ the length of the ligament of a syndesmosis, the ________ the degree of movement.
longer, greater
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is (are) damaged as a result?
medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is/are damaged as a result?
medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate
11. The greatest degree of motion that synovial joints display is described as
multi-axial movement
The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.
multiaxial
The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ____synovial joint.
multiaxial
As one of our four major knee ligaments, the anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, is critical to knee stability. Patients with a slightly injured ACL may complain that their knee "wants to give-out from under them." Which of the following is a rehabilitation procedure that would most likely benefit this type of patient?
muscle strengthening exercises
49. Name the most significant factor influencing joint stability
muscle tone
All of the following are factors that influence synovial joint stability EXCEPT?
number of bones in the joint
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to keeping the articular surfaces of diarthroses in contact?
number of bones in the joint
When you bring any of your fingers in contact with your thumb, this movement is called ________.
opposition
16) Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the __________.
optic chiasma
17. The most common form of chronic arthritis is
osteoarthritis
Which of the following conditions is generally considered a noninflammatory type of arthritis?
osteoarthritis
24) Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called __________.
otoliths
30) A condition in which ear ossicles fuse is known as __________.
otosclerosis
27) The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called __________.
papillae
46. Gomphoses facts include
peg in socket joint alveolar sockets mandible and maxilla location
Synarthrotic joints ________.
permit essentially no movement
Synarthrotic joints___.
permit essentially no movement.
11) Rods and cones are called __________ because they respond to light.
photoreceptors
35. The proximal end of the radius and ulna form what kind of joint
pivot
13. Pointing your toes down is described as what type of movement
planatr flexion
33. The carpals form this type of joint with each other.
plane
The gliding motion of the wrist is accomplished because of the ___ joint.
plane
The gliding motion of the wrist is accomplished because of the ________ joint.
plane
The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints.
plane
Pointing the toes is an example of ________.
plantar flexion
When a ballerina points the toes, it is known as ______.
plantar flexion
29) After age 40 the lens of the eye becomes less elastic; this condition is called __________.
presbyopia
The cruciate ligaments of the knee _____.
prevent hyperextension of the knee
The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.
prevent hyperextension of the knee
Which type of movement is unique to the forearm?
pronantion
27. The opposite movement of supination is
pronation
Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.
protraction
Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.
rare because of the ligament reinforcement
15) The upside-down image formed on the retina as a result of the light-bending activity of the lens is the __________.
real image
The atlas to axis joint would exhibit
rotation
The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint.
saddle
43. The components of the pectoral girdle are
scapula and clavicle
13) Aqueous humor is reabsorbed into venous blood at the sclera-cornea conjunction through the __________.
scleral venous sinus or canal of Schlemm
Menisci refer to _____.
semilunar cartilage pads
What are menisci?
semilunar cartilage pads
Menisci refer to___.
semilunar cartilage pads.
Why it is easier for a fall or blow to cause a dislocated shoulder injury than for a comparable fall or blow to cause a dislocated hip injury?
shallow joint socket
synovial joints are classified into six main categories based on __________.
shape of articular surfaces
16. Rotator cuff muscles are associated with what joint?
shoulder
41. The most flexible joint in the body is the
shoulder
4. An amphiarthorotic joint exhibits what type of movement?
slightly movable
If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a(n) ________.
small sac containing fluid
21) The stirrup bone of the internal ear is also known as __________.
stapes
20. The two main types of joint classification are
structure and function
31. All of the following are examples of synovial joints except
suture
5. Of the following types of joints which joint appears only in the skull
suture
A fibrous joint, without joint cavity, classified as a synarthroses, that is important for binding flat bones together, become synostoses as an adult?
suture
An immovable joint found only between skull bones is called a ___.
suture
Fibrous joints are classified as _______.
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Fibrous joints are classified as ________.
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Fibrous joints are classified as:
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.
19. Which of the following exercises is best for joints.
swimming
7. Which of the following joints is a site of long bone growth?
sychondrosis
23. Which of the following is a cartilaginous joint
symphysis
A cartilaginous joint, without joint cavity, classified as a amphiarthrosis, that includes the pubic joint of the pelvis?
symphysis
A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a _____.
symphysis
A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________.
symphysis
47. Epiphyseal plate is an example of a
synchodnroses
22. A fibrous joint connected by ligaments is a
syndesmosis
On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue?
syndesmosis
Connective tissue sacs lined with membranes that produce a weeping fluid are called:
synovial cavities
9. Which of the following synovial joint components is responsible for secreting synovial fluid?
synovial membrane
22) The cochlear nerve transmits impulses to the auditory cortex located in the __________.
temporal lobe
37. Which joint in the body is most easily dislocated
temporolmandibular
Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint?
tendon sheath
Which of the following is not a part of the synovial joint?
tendon sheath
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions when you get friction along the tendon from bowling with your wee:
tendon sheaths
45. Which is NOT a rotator cuff muscle
terris major
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to joint stability? a. the shape of the articulating surfaces b. the number and positioning of reinforcing ligaments c. the amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity d. the amount of muscle tone applied to tendons that cross the joint
the amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity
32. The most freely movable synovial joint is
the ball and the socket
What factor would account for a strong synovial joint?
the deepest articular surface
The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to ____.
the feet
Multiaxial joints of the body include ________.
the hip and shoulder
An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?"
the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal
Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?
the patellar ligament
An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is ________.
the radius and ulna along its length
An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________.
the radius and ulna along its length
Which joint allows a side-to-side movement called lateral excursion?
the temporomandibular joint
50. The terrible triad in knee injuries includes which three structures
tibia collateral ligament, medial menisci, and the ACL
Lyme disease is a bacterial disease transmitted by the bite of a __.
tick
42. Rotator cuff muscle act to stabalize the shoulder
true
44. One of the origin sites of the trapezius is the external occipital protuberance
true
34. Hinge joints are classified as
uniaxial
Movement allowed in a pivot joint is known as ______.
uniaxial rotation
Movement allowed in a pivot joint is known as ________.
uniaxial rotation
23) A division of the cranial nerve, the __________ transmits information to the cerebellum about equilibrium.
vestibular nerve
What are menisci (articular discs)?
wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity