Anatomy: Chapters 1 and 6 Homework

Which scenario(s) exemplifies exemplify the relationship between form and function? Weakened heart valves are unable to prevent blood from flowing backward in the heart. The "thinning" of bone, which occurs as one ages, may lead to an increased risk of bone fracture. Abnormally shaped hemoglobin leads to a reduced ability to carry oxygen. All of the above listed responses are correct.

All of the above listed responses are correct.

Bill, age 15, is still growing, but his older sister Andrea, age 19, has stopped. What has changed in Andrea's bones? View Available Hint(s) Sex hormones are no longer telling them to grow. Her osteoblasts have died. Her epiphyseal plates have ossified. They have more cartilage than Bill's.

Her epiphyseal plates have ossified.

Which condition, due to excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal cartilages, results in individuals who are very tall, with long, slender limbs? achondroplasia gigantism Marfan syndrome acromegaly

Marfan syndrome

In what area of a long bone would it probably be easiest to observe the cartilage the orthopedic doctor refers to? Metaphysis Surface of epiphysis at articulations Medullary cavity Nutrient foramen

Metaphysis

All the following result in decreased calcium levels in the bloodstream EXCEPT __________. PTH stimulation of osteoclasts decreased PTH or calcitriol levels calcitonin inhibition of osteoclasts increased calcitonin levels

PTH stimulation of osteoclasts

Ankle fractures that affect both bones of the leg are called __________. displaced fractures Colles' fractures Pott's fractures transverse fractures

Pott's fractures

What other organ are the surgeons likely to find in the hypogastric region? Stomach Liver Small intestine Heart

Small intestine

What is one of the major functions of the lymphatic system? directing immediate responses to stimuli mineral storage internal transport of nutrients, waste, and gases defense against infection and disease

defense against infection and disease

In humans, cells: work independently in the human body. are organized into millions of different types in the human body. are not the smallest structural units that perform all vital functions. do not exist as independent entities

do not exist as independent entities

Which tissue type lines the inner surfaces of the blood vessels and heart? connective tissue epithelial tissue muscle tissue neural tissue

epithelial tissue

A hard ossified bone in an adult actually begins within the embryo as a miniature version composed of __________. fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage elastic cartilage dense irregular connective tissue dense regular connective tissue

hyaline cartilage

Remnants of osteons, which have been almost completely recycled by osteoclasts, are known as __________. interstitial lamellae circumferential lamellae perforating canals concentric lamellae

interstitial lamellae

Which organ prevents calcium loss in response to PTH stimulation? kidney heart intestines bone

kidney

Cells of the perichondrium need to take on a new role as ossification begins. They will become __________. View Available Hint(s) fibroblasts, to coat the model in collagen osteoclasts and dissolve cartilage matrix new chondrocytes, so the model can continue to grow osteoblasts and begin to deposit bone matrix

osteoblasts and begin to deposit bone matrix

As blood vessels extend into the spaces left by dying chondrocytes, the models begin to ossify internally. Where does internal ossification begin? View Available Hint(s) the primary ossification center in the diaphysis the secondary ossification centers in the epiphyses the epiphyseal lines the primary ossification centers in the epiphyses

the primary ossification center in the diaphysis

Based on the description of the organs' relative locations, which organ would the surgeons see first if looking into the incision? Rectum Cervix Bladder Uterus

Bladder

Which of the following is a direct example of the study of physiology? Using a dissecting microscope to view the layers of a blood vessel. Observing heart muscle cell structure under a microscope. Measuring heart rate and noting blood pressure. Dissecting a heart to observe the heart chambers.

Measuring heart rate and noting blood pressure.

The process of labor is an example of a positive feedback loop, because The result creates more or a higher level of something (in this case more cervix stretching) The process is painful and potentially harmful The body amplifies the change in conditions The delivery of a baby after labor is very beneficial, or "positive," for the body

The body amplifies the change in conditions

Which of the following statements regarding the homeostasis regulation of blood calcium is FALSE? -PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands and raises blood calcium levels that are below 8.5 mg/dL. -Calcitonin inhibits the action of osteoclasts while having no effect on osteoblast activity. This helps to lower the blood calcium level whenever it exceeds 11 mg/dL. -The homeostasis of blood calcium is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. -The three main organs that serve as the site for the regulation of blood calcium levels are the bones, the intestines, and the pancreas.

The three main organs that serve as the site for the regulation of blood calcium levels are the bones, the intestines, and the pancreas.

How are the skeletal system and muscular system related or similar in function? They both function in blood formation. They both produce heat. The skeletal system provides mineral storage, while the muscular system functions in the absorption of minerals. They both function in support within the human body.

They both function in support within the human body.

In the example of blood clotting that occurs after a severe cut: the effector, activated by the control center, opposes the original stimulus. a positive feedback loop occurs. negative feedback is the primary mechanism. the clotting process decelerates as the damage to cells in the blood vessel wall releases chemicals.

a positive feedback loop occurs.

Which of the following is an example of a normal physiological process that uses a positive feedback loop? blood sugar balance water balance blood pressure regulation body temperature regulation blood clotting

blood clotting

Which bone is NOT formed via intramembranous ossification? femur clavicle mandible patella

femur

All the following are characteristics of periosteum EXCEPT __________. it provides a route for the blood and nervous supply it has two layers, an inner layer and an outer layer it is an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity it actively participates in bone growth and repair

it is an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity

Part complete The process of osteolysis is performed by which cell population? osteoprogenitor cells osteoblasts osteoclasts osteocytes

osteoclasts