Anatomy chp 4

reticular fibers

very fine collagen fibers; short & thin

unicellular glands

exocrine cells composed of a single cell

multicellular glands

exocrine glands composed of many cells

merocrine secretions

the gland releases its product by exocytosis and no part of the gland is lost or damaged

cartilage

tissue with poor blood supply that grows slowly

reticular connective tissue

network of interlacing reticular fiber and cells; forms framework used by cells of lymphoid tissues such as the spleen

columnar

cells tend to be taller than they are wide

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

appears to be stratified but not; consists of one layer of cells, with all the cells attached to the basement membrane

cuboidal

cells are cube shaped

squamos

cells are flat

transitional epithelium

change shape depending on the state of stretch in the tissue

collagen fibers

collagen is most abundant protein in body; strong and flexible fibers, but inelastic

tissues

collection of specialized and the extracellular substances surrounding them

simple cuboidal epithelium

composed of a single layer of cube shaped cells

dense regular connective tissue

comprise tendons, ligament, and other strong attachments where the need for strength alone one axis is mandatory; protein fibers are oriented the same way

intracellular junctions

connect adjacent cells mechanically at the cell membranes or through cytoskeletal elements within and between cells

adipocytes

connective tissue that store triglycerides

bone

connective tissue with a calcified intracellular matrix

white blood cells

connective tissues part of the blood

osteocytes

connective tissues that make bone

parenchymal cells

consist of that tissue which conducts the specific function of the organ

elastic cartilage

consists of chondrocytes located in a threadlike network of elastic fibers; found in places with rigid properties (ears)

dense irregular connective tissue

consists of fibroblasts and collagen fibers randomly arranged; provides strength when forces are pulling in different directions

stratified epithelium

consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to the basement membrance

elastic connective tissue

consists of parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers; allows stretching

epithelial tissue

covers body surfaces and form glands and line hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts

nervous tissues

detect changes in the body and respond by generating nerve impulses; found in brain, spinal cord, nerves

desmosomes

disk shaped structures with especially adhesive glycoproteins that binds cells to one another and intermediate filaments that extend into the cytoplasm; "spot welds"

elastic fibers

elastin returns to original shape after being stretched/cmpressed

mucous C.T.

embryonic C.T. is a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord and is a rich source of stem cells; wharton's jelly

mesenchyme

embryonic connective tissues that give rise to all other connective tissues; irregularly shaped fibroblasts

mucous membrane

epithelial cells, basement membrane, and thick layer of loose CT; line cavities and canals that open to outside the body

tight junctions

formed by plasma membrane where a leakproof seal is needed between cells

mesothelium

found in serous membranes such as the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum

muscular tissues

generate the physical force needed to make body structures move; skeletal, cardiac, smooth

alveolar or acinar glands

glands that are shaped in saclike structures

endocrine glands

glands that secrete their contents directly into the blood; separated from the epithelium of their origin and have no ducts; have extensive blood vessels

exocrine glands

glands with ducts that are lined with epithelium; secrete their contents into a lumen or duct

hemidesmosomes

half-welds that join cells to the basement membrane

serous membrane

layer of simple squamous (mesolithium), basement membrane, delicate layer of loose CT; line pleura, pericardium, peritoneal cavities (don't open to exterior)

adipose tissue

located in the subcutaneous layer deep to the skin and around organs and joints; reduces heat loss and serves as padding and as an energy source

Areolar connective tissue

loose C.T; most widely distributed; contains several type of cells and all three fiber types; attaches skin to underlying tissue

adherens junctions

make an adhesion belt (like the belt on your pants) that keeps tissues from separating as they stretch and contract; weak glue

chondrocytes

make and maintain the various cartilaginous connective tissues

hyaline cartilage

most abundant type of cartilage; covers the ends of long bones and parts of the ribs, nose, trachea, bronchi, and larynx; smooth surface; strong support and flexibilty

fibroblasts

most numerous cell of connective tissues; secrete protein fibers and a ground substance which varies from one connective tissues to another

extracellular matrix

non-cellular material located between and around the cells; consists of protein fibers and ground substance

stratified squamous epithelium

one than one layer of cell surface that is made up of flat cells

gap junctions

pores (connexons) that allow small substances like ions to pass between cells; coordinate movement

holocrine secretions

produced by rupture of the plasma membrane, releasing the entire cellular contents into the lumen and killing the cell

connective tissues

protect, support, and bind organs; makes up part of every organ in the body

glands

secretory organs; composed of epithelium with a supporting network of connective tissue

apocrine secretions

secretory products are released as fragments of the gland cells "bud" their secretions off through the plasma membrane, producing membrane-bound vesicles in the lumen of the gland

simple epithelium

single layer of cells, with each extending from the basement membrane to the free surface

goblet cells

specialized columnar epithelial cells; contain abundant organelles; unicellular

endothelium

specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the entire circulatory system from the heart to the smallest capillary

fibrocartilage

thick bundles of collagen fibers; very strong; tough cartilage; found in areas where pressure is applied to joints