Anatomy Exam #1 (17-19)
How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary? 6 2 1 0
2
If you answered yes to the previous question, what percent chance is there of having a type O child? O% 100% 75% 50% 25%
25%
How much blood does the average person have in their body at one time? 1 L 4-6 L 2-3 L 7-8 L
4-6 L
As opposed to red blood cells, which have a lifespan of about 120 days, thrombocytes have a life span of: 9-12 days 4-5 days 15-20 days 120 days just like red blood cells
9-12 days
What type of individual carries the largest overall health advantage? An homozygous recessive individual; someone who has sickle cell anemia and is resistant to malaria A heterozygous individual; someone who does not have sickle cell anemia and is resistant to malaria/ An homozygous dominant individual; someone who does not have sickle cell anemia and is not resistant to malaria
A heterozygous individual; someone who does not have sickle cell anemia and is resistant to malaria/
An individual gets a blood test to determine their blood type. The blood that was drawn is placed in each of the wells in the testing plate. Anti-A serum was added to the A well, Anti-B serum was added to the B well, and Anti-D serum was added to the Rh well. The results of the test are shown below: A: Agglutinate B: Nothing Rh: Agglutinate What is the blood type of the individual?
A+
Which blood type has no antibodies? B O A AB
AB
An individual gets a blood test to determine their blood type. The blood that was drawn is placed in each of the wells in the testing plate. Anti-A serum was added to the A well, Anti-B serum was added to the B well, and Anti-D serum was added to the Rh well. The results of the test are shown below: A: Agglutinate B: Agglutinate Rh: Agglutinate What is the blood type of the individual?
AB+
A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP? The hormone will not be able to bind to the hormone receptor. Excessive quantities of cAMP will be produced. Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated. The phosphorylation cascade will be initiated.
Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated.
Which of the following statements about albumin is true? It is produced by specialized leukocytes called plasma cells. It is the most abundant plasma protein (60%). It draws water out of the blood vessels and into the body's tissues (deals with osmotic pressure). All answer options are correct.
All answer options are correct.
Which of the following hormone interactions have a permissive effect? Angiotensin 1 and Angiotensin 2 insulin and glucagon Dopamine and Ach FSH and Estrogen
Angiotensin 1 and Angiotensin 2
Even though you do not need to memorize the clotting factors, you should be able to READ the chart about them. Which of the following plasma proteins is not produced by the liver? Hageman factor fibrinogen Antihemolytic factor A Antihemolytic factor C
Antihemolytic factor A
Type AB is the universal recipient, which means individuals with type AB blood can receive blood from individuals that are type (select all that apply)? B A O AB
B A O AB
Type B individuals can RECEIVE blood from individuals that are type (select all that apply): A AB B O
B O
An individual that is AB- can receive blood from which of the following individuals (select all that apply)? O+ B- AB- B+ A+ AB+ A- O-
B- AB- A- O-
Which of the following statements about blood is true? Blood is about 92 percent water. Blood is slightly more viscous than water. Blood is slightly more acidic than water. Blood is slightly more salty than seawater.
Blood is slightly more viscous than water.
Which type of test would be used to determine how many white blood cells are in your blood? ABG test CBC test Blood Glucose test Hematocrit test
CBC test
Which hormone inhibits or reduces programmed cell death (apoptosis)? Thyroid Releasing Hormone Growth Hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Growth Hormone
Which type of lipid, found in the blood, is beneficial in high amounts? HDL LDL Triglycerides VLDL
HDL
Which of the following statements about erythropoietin is true? Both a and b are true. It is a hemopoietic growth factor that prompts lymphoid stem cells to leave the bone marrow. It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage. It is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland.
It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage.
What issues can occur in someone that has sickle cell anemia (select all that apply)? Increased amount of lipids in the blood. Less oxygen is carried on the blood cells. Blood cells can get lodged in the blood vessels. More oxygen is carried on the blood cells.
Less oxygen is carried on the blood cells. Blood cells can get lodged in the blood vessels.
Do humans have blue blood? Yes, blood that is oxygen rich is red and blood that is oxygen poor is blue. Yes, their blood consists of copper. No, their blood consists of iron. Blood that is bright red is oxygen poor and blood that is dark red is oxygen rich. No, their blood consists of iron. Blood that is bright red is oxygen rich and blood that is dark red is oxygen poor.
No, their blood consists of iron. Blood that is bright red is oxygen rich and blood that is dark red is oxygen poor.
What type of antigens do a a Type O person exhibit on their blood cells? A None A and B B
None
Type O individuals are considered the universal donor, which means they can give blood to anybody (depending on the +/-). The drawback to that is individuals that are type O can only RECEIVE blood from individuals that are type (select all that apply): B AB O A
O
Type A individuals can RECEIVE blood from individuals that are type (select all that apply): O B A AB
O A
An individual with Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D antibodies would be: O- AB+ AB- O+
O-
Which structures secretes calcitonin (CT)? CT cells Thyroid follicles Thyroglobulin Parafollicular cells
Parafollicular cells
Which TWO are arguably the two most important players in the endocrine system (hint: think manager and assistant manager) Pineal gland Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland Hypothalamus
Which hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates milk production? Follicle Stimulating Hormone Prolactin Growth Hormone Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Prolactin
Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? TSH cortisol ADH Oxytocin
TSH
The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by ________. TSH from the anterior pituitary thyroglobulin from the thyroid's parafollicular cells thyroxine from the anterior pituitary TSH from the hypothalamus
TSH from the anterior pituitary
When the papillary muscle in the right ventricle contracts, it causes: The tricuspid valve to open The bicuspid valve to close The bicuspid valve to open The tricuspid valve to close
The tricuspid valve to close
Which of the following statements about mature, circulating erythrocytes is true? All of the above are correct They survive for an average of 4 days. They have no nucleus. The are rigid and not flexible
They have no nucleus.
Too few thromobocytes is termed: Embolus Hemophelia Thrombocytopenia Thrombus
Thrombocytopenia
If Calcium levels in the blood get too high, c (parafollicular) cells in the __________ cause the release of calcitonin and stimulation of the osteoblasts. Parathyroid Intestines Kidneys Thyroid
Thyroid
The (intentional) end result of the lipid soluble hormone is to alter or change the activated protein, thereby changing the end result. True False
True
Water soluble hormones are different than lipid soluble hormones because water soluble hormones cannot cross the cell membrane on their own. True False
True
Can a family that has a dad with type AB blood and a mother with type O blood have a child with type B blood? Yes, 25% chance Yes, 75% No Yes, 50% Yes, 100%
Yes, 50%
Is it possible for a dad who is type A and mom who is type B to have a child that is type O? Yes, but only if the dad is iAiO and the mom is iBiB. Yes, but only if the dad is iAiA and the mom is iBiO. Yes, but only if the dad is iAiO and the mom is iBiO. No Yes, but only if the dad is iAiA and the mom is iBiB.
Yes, but only if the dad is iAiO and the mom is iBiO.
Which of the following describes a neutrophil? rare, agranular, releases antimicrobial defensins abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria rare, granular, contains multiple granules packed with histamine abundant, agranular, especially effective against cancer cells
abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria
The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of linked cells, is called ________. hemolysis coagulation sensitization agglutination
agglutination
Adrenaline increases____________. pulse rate heart rate blood pressure all answer options are correct
all answer options are correct
Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? It manufactures T3 and T4 It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx. The parathyroid glands are embedded within it. all answer options are correct
all answer options are correct
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a risk during a subsequent pregnancy in which ________. an Rh+ mother is carrying an Rh− fetus a type AB mother is carrying a type O fetus an Rh− mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus a type O mother is carrying a type AB fetus
an Rh− mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus
Match the following prefixes with their appropriate terms: angio: heart cardio: blood hem: arteries angio: arteries cardio: heart hem: blood angio: arteries cardio: blood hem: heart angio: heart cardio: arteries hem: blood
angio: arteries cardio: heart hem: blood
Agglutinogens : antigens :: agglutinins : ________. red blood cells aglutibodies antibodies Rh systems
antibodies
Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance? adrenocorticotropic hormone Oxytocin antidiuretic hormone luteinizing hormone
antidiuretic hormone
T and B lymphocytes ________. are most active against parasitic worms proliferate excessively in leukopenia are polymorphonuclear are involved with specific immune function
are involved with specific immune function
The walls of the atria produce which hormone? atrial natriuretic peptide cholecystokinin renin calcitriol
atrial natriuretic peptide
A patient has been experiencing severe, persistent allergy symptoms that are reduced when she takes an antihistamine. Before the treatment, this patient was likely to have had increased activity of which leukocyte? natural killer cells monocytes neutrophils basophils
basophils
Which cell type of the pancreas secretes insulin? beta cells PP cells alpha cells delta cells
beta cells
Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their ________. muscle mass blood calcium levels secretion of growth hormone blood oxygen levels
blood oxygen levels
What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? follicle cells chromaffin cells neuroglial cells oxyphil cells
chromaffin cells
Even though you do not need to memorize the pathways, you should be able to READ them. According to the diagram (you may need to look at the slide if you cannot see it on a small screen), Prothrombin is converted to thrombin during the ________. intrinsic pathway formation of the platelet plug extrinsic pathway common pathway
common pathway
A molecule of hemoglobin ________. can carry up to 120 molecules of oxygen is shaped like a biconcave disk packed almost entirely with iron consists of four globin proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme contains four glycoprotein units studded with oxygen
consists of four globin proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme
A decreased thyroid function causes ________. osteoporosis increased tolerance for cold decreased body fat decreased basal metabolic rate
decreased basal metabolic rate
Which characteristic of leukocytes best describes their ability to move towards pathogens to help ward off infection? capable of diapedesis. demonstrate chemotaxis. lack hemoglobin. distinct nuclei present.
demonstrate chemotaxis.
Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the ________. release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach development of T cells preparation of the body for childbirth regulation of appetite
development of T cells
The process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall is called ________. cytoplasmic extending diapedesis leukocytosis positive chemotaxis
diapedesis
In addition to the endocrine system, the pancreas also has a very prominent job with the ____________ system. urinary lymphatic nervous digestive
digestive
The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer? mesoderm noderm ectoderm endoderm
ectoderm
Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is termed paracrine. Chemical signaling that affects distant organs is called____________. paracrine neuron endocrine autocrine
endocrine
Which of the following hormones are produced by the ovaries (select all that apply)? testosterone estrogen progesterone inhibin
estrogen progesterone
The production of melatonin is inhibited by ________. the activity of pinealocytes exposure to bright light the secretion of serotonin declining levels of light
exposure to bright light
If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected? somatostatin insulin glucagon pancreatic polypeptide
glucagon
Which hormone aids in maintaining pregnancy and keeping corpus luteum intact? (hint: it is the hormone that is detected during pregnancy tests). hCG renin calcitrol ANP
hCG
Lipids tend to be: hydrophilic hydrophobic
hydrophobic
An individual that has type B blood could have which genotypes (select all that apply)? iBi ii iBiB iAiA iAi iAiB
iBi iBiB
Hemophilia is characterized by ________. excessive production of platelets inadequate production of clotting factors inadequate production of heparin excessive production of fibrinogen
inadequate production of clotting factors
The apex of the heart is found on the _______ side of the heart. inferior superior
inferior
The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone? inhibin relaxin progesterone estrogens
inhibin
When insulin diffuses into the splenic artery, what happens (select all that apply)? glucagon causes mitochondria to be inhibited glycogen gets broken down into more glucose it inhibits gluconeogenesis glucose will get used for cellular respiration
it inhibits gluconeogenesis glucose will get used for cellular respiration
The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ? hypothalamus kidneys thyroid liver
kidneys
People with ABO blood type O ________. have both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies circulating in their blood plasma are considered universal recipients lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes
lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes
___________ soluble hormones are able to cross the cell membrane by themselves while ___________ soluble hormones cannot. water, protein water, lipid lipid, water protein, lipid
lipid, water
Bile is used for digesting things like: proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids lipids
lipids
Aging and damaged erythrocytes are removed from the circulation by ________. macrophages monocytes mast cells myeoblasts
macrophages
When used in the nervous system, chemical messengers are called _____________; when used in the endocrine system, chemical messengers are called______________. hormones, neurotransmitters neurotransmitters, neurotransmitters hormones, hormones neurotransmitters, hormones
neurotransmitters, hormones
AGAIN!!! At any point is your blood, as a human, blue? yes no
no
Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________. autocrine paracrine neuron endocrine
paracrine
What cells secrete melatonin? suprachiasmatic nucleus cells retinal cells pinealocytes melanocytes
pinealocytes
Which of the following is NOT a formed element? thrombocyte erythrocyte leukocyte plasma
plasma
A centrifuge separates blood out into which of the following parts (select all that apply)? plasma buffy coat marrow erythrocytes
plasma buffy coat erythrocytes
Thrombocytes are more accurately called ________. clotting factors megakaryoblasts megakaryocytes platelets
platelets
Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid stem cells? B cells natural killer cells platelets all answer options are correct
platelets
A blood test can reveal the composition of blood in terms of formed elements and plasma. If it is determined that a patient has a higher than average number of red blood cells, that individual is said to have: anemia hypoxemia polycythemia hematocrit
polycythemia
Childbirth is an example of a ____________ feedback mechanism. negative positive
positive
Cytokines are considered: carbohydrates nucleic acids lipids proteins
proteins
Which of the following responses is not part of the fight-or-flight response? pupil dilation reduced mental activity suppressed digestion increased oxygen supply to the lungs
reduced mental activity
Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit? left atrium right ventricle left ventricle right atrium
right atrium
Endocrine glands ________. include sebaceous glands and sweat glands secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
A bacterial infection of the blood is termed: leukopenia septicemia leukemia lymphoma leukocytosis
septicemia
When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ________. a reduction in calcium absorption from the intestines urinary excretion of calcium by the kidneys the activity of osteoblasts the activity of osteoclasts
the activity of osteoclasts
In order to be functional, the thyroid gland has to release hormone into: the bones the skin the blood the muscles
the blood
The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the pituitary by ________. the diencephalon cartilage the infundibulum bone
the infundibulum
The development of a goiter indicates that ________. there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles due to a lack of iodine the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone there is hypertrophy of the thyroid's follicle cells due to oversecretion of iodine
there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles due to a lack of iodine
DNA gets ___________ into mRNA. The mRNA leaves the nucleus of the cell and gets ____________ into proteins. translated, transcribed transcribed, translated transcribed, transcribed translated, translated
transcribed, translated
Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle? tricuspid pulmonary aortic mitral
tricuspid
Pituitary dwarfism occurs due to an _____ secretion of growth hormone. over under
under
The first step in hemostasis is ________ (after injury). vascular spasm conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin activation of the intrinsic pathway activation of the common pathway
vascular spasm
