Anatomy: Eye and Vision

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Which portion of the retina contains a concentration of cones?

Fovea centralis

What term refers to the ability to focus on close objects?

accommodation

What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?

fovea centralis

Which of these is associated with rods?

vision in dim light

Which disorder of the eye results from increased pressure due to a buildup of aqueous humor?

Glaucoma

What separates the aqueous humor in the anterior segment from the vitreous humor in the posterior segment of the eye?

Lens

Where are photoreceptors cells located within the eye?

Neural layer of the retina

Which statement regarding the function of the pupil is correct?

The pupil regulates the amount of light entering the eye, so we can see as clearly as possible.

An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.

True

The ciliary body is a smooth muscle structure to which the lens is attached.

True

The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision.

True

The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.

True

We cannot see images formed on the optic disc (blind spot).

True

Which of the following structures refract light before it hits the retina?

cornea, humors, and lens

Which of these is located in the superior-lateral region of the orbit?

lacrimal gland

Which of these structures is part of the system that produces and drains tears?

lacrimal gland

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________.

lens

What part of the eye is affected by cataracts?

lens

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.

myopia

At what point do some axons leave the optic nerve and cross to the opposite side of the brain?

optic chiasma

The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________.

prevent light from scattering inside the eye

Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?

retina

Which of these is part of the sensory layer of the eye?

retina

What is the orientation of images formed on the retina?

upside down and reversed left to right

The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ________.

vitreous humor

What condition results from an abnormally high pressure inside the eye?

glaucoma

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.

cornea

Tears from the lacrimal gland travel across the eye and drain first into the ________.

lacrimal canaliculi

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the ________.

optic chiasma

Where do the axons of ganglion cells leave the eyeball?

optic disc

What is the most common type of color blindness?

red and green

What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?

rods

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.

sclera and cornea

What layer of the eyeball contains both pigment to absorb stray light rays and muscle to control the lens?

choroid

Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?

color blindness

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ________.

conjunctiva


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