Anatomy final exam 3

Which of the following are classified as short bones? A)Tarsals B)Vertebrae C)Patella D)Radius and Ulna E) Sphenoid and ethmoid

A)Tarsals

Ramus

An angled extension off of a bone that serves to articulate the bone with another bone

All of the following structures are part of the temporal bone except: A) Zygomatic processes B)Cribriform plate C)Mastoid process D)External auditory meatus E)Mandibular fossa

B)Cribriform plate

Which of the following structures is the most inferior to the femur? A) Lateral epicondyle B)Medial condyle C) Lesser trochanter D)Linea aspera E)Greater trochanter

B)Medial condyle

The matrix of bone tissue consist of? A) 1/3 cartilage and 2/3 phosphorus B) 1/2 calcium salts and 1/2 magnesium salts C) 1/3 collagen and 2/3 calcium salts D)1/2 elastic fibers and 1/2 reticular fibers E) 1/3 elastic fibers and 2/3 collagenous

C) 1/3 collagen and 2/3 calcium salts

Find the false statement, if any, concerning osteoporosis: A)It is most common in older women B) Smoking, excess alcohol consumption and lack of exercise increase a person's chances of developing it C)It is more common in people with dark complexion D)Estrogen replacement therapy increases a women's chances of developing it E)There is no false statement above

C)It is more common in people with dark complexion D)Estrogen replacement therapy increases a women's chances of developing it

The acromion process is found in the ___ joint, while the coronoid process is found in the ___ joint. A)Knee; elbow B)Elbow; knee C)Shoulder; Elbow D)Hip; ankle E)Shoulder; hip

C)Shoulder; Elbow

Which of the following bones make up the pelvic girdle? A) Scapulae and clavicles B) Coxal bones and femurs C) Ribs and sternum D) Coxal bones E) Sacrum and coccyx

D) Coxal bones

All of the following bones are considered to be part of the axial skeleton, except: A) Parietal bone B) Atlas C) Hyoid bone D) Sacrum E) Scapula

E) Scapula

What is Wolff's Law? A) Slight bending of bone during exercise will weaken the bones and cause them to atrophy B) The higher the blood level of growth hormone, the longer the bones will be, and the taller the person will be C)The longer it takes for the epiphyseal disk to ossify, the longer the bone will be D)Th better nutrition a person has, the more calcium will be deposited in the bone, and the stronger the bones will be E)A bone grows and remodels in response to physical stress placed on it; therefore, varied exercise will lead to strong, heavy bones

E)A bone grows and remodels in response to physical stress placed on it; therefore, varied exercise will lead to strong, heavy bones

Olecranon process

Found on the ulna; articulates with the humerus to form the point of the elbow

Greater cornu

Large side projections of the hyoid bone; help support the tongue and swallowing process

Trochanter

A large, rough projection off of a bone, that serves as an attachment site for tendons and ligaments

Condyle

A medium to large process, rounded or slightly concave, that articulates with another bone

Lateral malleolus

A processes at the inferior end of the fibula, which is sometime called the outer ankle bone

Foramen

A rounded opening in a bone, that serves as a passageway for blood vessels/ nerves

Glenoid cavity

A shallow depression that articulates with the head of the humerus to for the shoulder joint

Mental foramen

A small opening in the front of the mandible, through which blood vessels/ nerves reach the chin

The Human hand consists of ___ carpals, ___ metacarpals and ___ phalanges A) 8, 5, 14 B) 7,5,14 C) 8,5,15 D) 7,5,15 E) 8, 4, 15

A) 8, 5, 14

What is the most accurate description of a displaced fracture? A) A fracture in which the bone fragments have not retained their normal alignment B)A fracture in which only one fragment is broken out of the bone shaft C) A fracture in which the bone or a fragment does not penetrate the skin or an internal membrane D)A fracture in which the bone fragments have completely separated E)A fracture in which a bone fragment is exposed through a tear in the skin or an internal membrane

A) A fracture in which the bone fragments have not retained their normal alignment

Which of the following sequences correctly describe the steps in the repair of bone fractures? A) Hematoma, cartilaginous callus, bony callus, remodeling B) Remodeling, hematoma, bony callus, cartilaginous callus C) Hematoma, remodeling, bony callus, cartilaginous callus D) Cartilaginous callus, bony callus, remodeling, hematoma E) Cartilaginous callus, hematoma, bony callus, remodeling

A) Hematoma, cartilaginous callus, bony callus, remodeling

Which of the following is true of bone remodeling? A) It occurs throughout life, through constant mineral exchange B) It occurs only in times of rapid bone growth or fracture repair C) It is a process of bone formation from a hyaline cartilage model during embryonic development D) It consists of bone formation between sheets of primitive connective tissue E)

A) It occurs throughout life, through constant mineral exchange

What is a vertebrochondral rib? How many pairs of these does a human adult have? A)A rib that is indirectly connected to the sternum via the costal cartilage of rib # 7; 3 pairs B) A rib that does not articulate with the vertebral column; 5 pairs C) A rib that has no connection to the sternum; 2 pairs D) A rib that never ossifies, but remains as cartilage throughout life; 3 pairs E) A rib that is not connected to the sternum by its own costal cartilage; 5 pairs

A)A rib that is indirectly connected to the sternum via the costal cartilage of rib # 7; 3 pairs

Thoracic vertebrae are unique in they are the only vertebrae; A)That have rib facets B)With transverse processes C)That do not have true vertebral bodies D)That do not have spinous processes E)With transverse foramina

A)That have rib facets

What is the main function of osteoclasts in the bone tissue? A)To resorb bone matrix B)To convert bone tissues into cartilage C)To provide red and white blood cells and platelets D)To provide new bone cells for differentiation into other types of bone cells E)To deposit calcium salts into the bone matrix

A)To resorb bone matrix

Suture

An interlocking line of junction between two bones

Find the false statement, if any, concerning bone tissue: A) Spongy bone makes up flat bones and the expanded ends of long bones B)Spongy bone consists of osteons, while compact contain trabeculae C)Compact bone makes of the shafts of long bones D)Bone tissues heals quickly, due to its extensive blood supply E)There is no false statement above

B)Spongy bone consists of osteons, while compact contain trabeculae

A person in the class stated that he had injured his styloid process. His classmate was confused, since he could have been referring to one bone. All of the following bones contain a styloid process except: A) Radius B)Tibia C) Ulna D) Temporal bone E) None of the above

B)Tibia

Find the false statement, if any, concerning the ethmoid bone: A) It makes up part of the eye orbit B) The perpendicular plate is an important structural support in the nose C) I hold the pituitary gland D)I contains a series of tiny senses sometimes called air cells E) There is no false statement above

C) I hold the pituitary gland

The supraorbital foramen is found of the ____ bone, while the obturator foramen is located of the ____ bone. A) Sphenoid; ethmoid B)Frontal; zygomatic C)Frontal: coxal D)Maxillary; mandible E)Coxal; maxillary

C)Frontal: coxal

If all of a hypothetical person's red bone marrow was replaces by yellow marrow, what would be the physiological consequences? A) His bones would become weak and brittle, and would break much more easily B)His bone would lose mineral content, and would be more likely to bend under normal weight C)He would produce no red blood cells or platelets, and few white blood cells; this would result in death D) It would greatly increase the rate of bone resorption, resulting in high blood levels of calcium E)There would be no consequences

C)He would produce no red blood cells or platelets, and few white blood cells; this would result in death

Find the false statement, if any, concerning the endochondral ossification process A) Endochondral ossification is the more common method of bone formation B) Long bone usually develop by this method during fetal development C)Major skull bones usually use this method of bone formation D) It involves bone formation from cartafinous model E)There is no false statement above

C)Major skull bones usually use this method of bone formation

Find the false statement, if any, concerning the epiphyseal plate A) It is composed of cartilage B) Once it ossifies, no further growth in the length is possible C)It is considered the growth plate of a long bone D) Testosterone is stronger than estrogen, and its effects on bone growth; that is why males usually grow taller than females E)There is no false statement above

D) Testosterone is stronger than estrogen, and its effects on bone growth; that is why males usually grow taller than females

A decrease in bone width and strength, caused by stopping a regular exercise program, is called: A) Hematopoiesis B)Hypertrophy C)Homeostasis D)Atrophy E)Chondriification

D)Atrophy

Which of the following hormones causes the deposition of calcium salts into the matrix of bone tissue, in its attempt to decrease the blood level of calcium (in times of high blood Ca level)? A) Calcitriol B)Thyroxine C) parathyroid hormone D)Calcitonin E)Testosterone

D)Calcitonin

What is significance of the cribriform plate? A) It form part of the nasal septum B) It forms the broad, flat part of the hip bone C)It forms the flattened portion of the hard plate D)It allows nerves for the sense of smell to reach the brain E)it allow the humerus to articulate with the ulna smoothly

D)It allows nerves for the sense of smell to reach the brain

From your knowledge of the skeletal terminology, what would be the most likely description of a structure called the infraspinous fossa? A) An opening in the spinous process of a vertebra B) The passageway through the vertebral column, formed by all the vertebral foramina C)A long projection off the posterior side of the vertebra D)A pointed projection at the bottom of the C1 vertebra E)A depression below the scapular spine

E)A depression below the scapular spine

the expanded end of a long bone is called ____; the covering of dense connective tissue that encloses the entire bone is called ____. A)Epiphyseal plate; diaphysis B)Periosteum; epiphysis C)Diaphysis: endosteum D)Metaphysis; epiphyseal plate E)Epiphysis; periosteum

E)Epiphysis; periosteum

What effects do vitamin C, K and B12 have on bone health? A) They accelerate deposition of calcium salts B) They accelerate the ossification of the epiphyseal disks C) They increase metabolic rate in cells D) They cause hypertrophy on long bones, increasing their length and width E)They stimulate protein synthesis, one of which is collagen

E)They stimulate protein synthesis, one of which is collagen

When a person has TMJ syndrome, which two bones have an articulation problem? A)Tibia and Fibula B) Maxilla and Temporal bone C)Maxilla and Mandible D)Temporal and zygomatic bones E)temporal and Mandible

E)temporal and Mandible