anatomy final

What antigens and antibodies does a person with type A blood have?

A antigens on RBC and anti-B antibodies in plasma

_______ anastomosis occurs when there is direct flow of blood from arteriole to venule

atriovenous

when unilaterally contracting the sternocleidomastoid muscle will

contralaterally rotate the neck

Name the vein that carries blood back to the right atrium from the cardiac muscle tissue.

coronary sinus

the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by the

corpus collosum

Which is located more peripherally - the adrenal cortex or the adrenal medulla?

cortex

What is the function and cranial nerve number of the Hypoglossal Nerve? a. CN X: sensory only b. CN XI: motor only c. CN X: both sensory and motor d. CN XII: motor only

d. CN XII: motor only

he part of the brain that controls postural muscle tone, balance, and corrects for movement errors is the a. cerebrum b. basal nuclei c. internal capsule d. cerebellum

d. cerebellum

This structure does not produce bile but stores and concentrates it.

gallbladder

what muscle in the posterior lower leg will plantarflex the ankle and flex the knee?

gastrocnemius

two substances that are found in high concentrations in the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber are

glycogen and myoglobin

The hydroxyapatite crystals provide ____ to osseous tissue.

hardness

What layer of the blood vessel is continuous with the endocardium of the heart?

tunica interna

Which layer of the blood vessel contains smooth muscle tissue?

tunica media

What packed RBCs can a person with type AB receive?

type A, type B, type AB, and type O RBCs (universal recipient)

What plasma can a person with type B receive?

type B, type AB plasma

What type of whole blood can a type O person receive?

type o

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

Blood is composed of ____% plasma, and ________ % formed elements

55, 45

______epithelial tissue functions for the diffusion of substances and ______ epithelial tissue functions for protection. a. simple squamous : stratified squamous b. simple squamous : simple columnar c. stratified squamous : simple columnar d. stratified squamous : transitional

A

_____ neurons send impulses toward the CNS, and ______ neurons send impulses away from the CNS. a. afferent : efferent b. efferent : afferent c. sensory : afferent d. motor : sensory

A - afferent : efferent

Which type of valve has cusps attached to fibrous strings called chordae tendinae?

AV Valves

Which part of the conduction system is located in the interventricular septum?

AV bundle branches

Which part of the conduction system will receive the impulse from the SA node?

AV node

The _____ articulates with the glenoid fossa and the _____ articulates with the acetabulum. a. scapula : femur b. humerus : femur c. humerus : coxal bone d. radius : ulna

B

_______ attaches muscle to bone and the _______ attaches bone to bone. a. ligaments : tendons b. tendons : ligaments c. ligaments : muscle d. muscle : tendons

B

A skeletal muscle cell contains several myofibrils. Each myofibril contains ______ thick filaments and _____ thin filaments arranged in sarcomeres. a. tubulin : actin b. myosin : tubulin c. myosin : actin d. myosin : tropomyosin

C

In osseous tissue, _____ makes the extracellular matrix harder and ______ makes the ECM resist pulling forces. a. collagen : elastic fibers b. collagen : hydroxyapatite c. hydroxyapatite : collagen d. hydroxyapatite : reticular fibers

C

Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton a. sternum b. ribs c. clavicle d. vertebrae

C

The ____ gland is considered the adenohypophysis and does produce hormones while the ______ gland is considered the neurohypophysis and does not produce hormones. a. posterior pituitary : adrenal b. anterior pituitary : adrenal c. anterior pituitary : posterior pituitary d. posterior pituitary : thyroid

C - anterior pituitary : posterior pituitary

The ______ will extend both the shoulder and elbow, and the ______ will flex both the shoulder and elbow. a. biceps brachii : brachialis b. biceps brachii : brachioradialis c. triceps brachii : biceps brachii d. triceps brachii : brachioradialis

C - triceps brachi : biceps brachii

put the following connective tissue layers and muscle structures in order from superficial to deep A. muscle fiber b. perimysium c. epimysium d. whole muscle e. endomysium f. fasicl

C, D, B, F, E, A

Which of the following is not a rotator cuff muscle? a. supraspinatus b. infraspinatus c. teres minor d. teres major

D

The _______ nerve innervates muscles of facial expression and the ______ nerve innervates muscles of mastication. a. Facial Nerve CN VII : Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN IX b. Facial Nerve CN VII : Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII c. Trigeminal Nerve CN V : Facial Nerve CN VII d. Facial Nerve CN VII : Trigeminal Nerve CN V

D - Facial Nerv CN VII : Trigeminal Nerve CN V

These are the three specialized cells found in gastric glands.

G cells (gastrin) the parietal cells (intrinsic factor and HCl) and the chief cells (pepsinogen and gastric lipase).

connus medularis is located at _______

L1/L2

Which part of the conduction system initiates the heartbeat and so is known as the pacemaker of the heart?

SA node

The diaphysis of a long bone is mostly composed of ____ osseous tissue.

compact

Which of the following cellular extensions contain microfilaments in their core? a. microvili b. cilia c. flagella

a

the heart is located within which of the follow (circle all that apply) a. thoracic cavity b. mediastinum c. pleural cavity d. abdominal cavity

a, b, c

Which of the following types of vessel is the aorta? a. elastic artery b. muscular artery c. distributing artery d. resistance vessel

a. elastic artery

which of the following is only a real space in the spinal cord? a. epidural b. subdural c. subarachnoid

a. epidural

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? a. increases mobility of a joint b. reduces friction between articulating surfaces c. provides nutrients to structures inside joint capsule d. absorb/spreads impact force

a. increases mobility of a joint

Which of the following bone features belong to the ethmoid bone and are found within the nasal cavity? (Choose all that apply) a. middle nasal conchae b. inferior nasal conchae c. perpendicular plate d. crista galli

a. middle nasal conchae and c. perpendicular plate

which of the following is sensory? a. spinothalamic tract b. corticospinal tract

a. spinothalamic

Which of the following features are only found on cervical vertebrae? a. transverse foramen b. costal facets c. bifid spinous process d. auricular surfaces

a. transverse foramen and c. bifid spinous process

which protein in thin filaments contains myosin binding sites?

actin

This is the lymphatic organ found in the lower right quadrant of abdominal cavity, hanging off the cecum.

appendix

_____ anastomosis occurs when two or more arteries supply blood to one capillary bed

arterial anastomosis

the lateral horn contains cell bodies of ______

autonomic motor neurons

Motor impulses from the medulla concerning a change in heart rate will travel down the spinal cord and synapse with neurons located in the ______ a. dorsal horn b. lateral horn c. ventral horn d. gray commissure

b lateral horn

Which chamber pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk? a. the right atrium b. the right ventricle c. the left atrium d. the left ventricle

b right ventricle

Microvilli contain ______ and cilia contain ______. a. microtubules : microfilaments b. microfilaments : microtubules c. microfilaments : intermediate filaments d. microtubules : intermediate filaments

b.

which of the following receives impulses conveying visual information? a. primary motor cortex b. primary visual cortex c. visual association cortex

b. primary visual cortex

Which of the following structures will carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs? a. the inferior vena cava b. the pulmonary arteries c. the pulmonary veins d. the aorta

b. pulmonary arteries

Which of the following bones contain the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum? a. ethmoid bone b. sphenoid bone c. temporal bone d. frontal bone

b. sphenoid bone

Which of the following organs does the tail of the pancreas point toward? a. the liver b. the spleen c. the stomach d. the duodenum

b. the spleen

Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle are located in the _____ horn of the spinal cord. a. dorsal b. ventral c. lateral d. medial

b. ventral

_____ is associated with Parkinson's and Huntington's diseas

basal nuclei

Which type of WBC is the least abundant in our blood?

basophils

name one muscle that would cause the action occurring at the knee during the prep phase of kicking a ball

biceps femoris

the dorsal horn contains cell bodies of _______

both sensory and motor

This is the first location along the lower respiratory tract that does not contain cartilage within the walls. Include the type of tissue that the wall is composed of.

bronchioles - smooth muscle

which muscle allows you to compress your cheeks?

buccinator

Which of the following chambers will the superior vena cava carry blood to? a. the left atrium b. the left ventricle c. the right atrium d. the right ventricle

c

Which of the following proteins carries vesicles along the microtubules toward the periphery of the cell? a. glycoproteins b. dynein c. kinesin d. receptor protein

c

which of the following lists the actions of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus? a. extend him, extend knee, medially rotate hip b. extend hip, flex knee, laterally rotate hip c. extend hip, flex knee, medially rotate him d. flex him, extend knee

c

which of the following types of muscle tissue is striated and involuntarily controlled? a. skeletal b. smooth c.cardiac d. weak

c. cardiac

the mediastinum is located _____ to the pleural cavities. a. superior b. inferior c. medial d. lateral

c. medial

which of the following is a real space in the in the brain and spinal cord? a. epidural b. subdural c. subarachnoid

c. subarachnoid

A person with polio has lost the use of his leg muscles. Which area of the spinal cord would you expect the virus infected neurons to be? a. dorsal horn b. lateral horn c. ventral horn d. gray commissure

c. ventral horn

The common hepatic duct will merge with the cystic duct to carry bile into this structure.

common bile duct

which of the following recognizes and evaluates what is seen? a. primary motor cortex b. primary visual cortex c. visual association cortex

c. visual association cortex

The _______ is the bone that forms the heel.

calcaneous

This is the structure that is commonly failing in chronic acid reflux

cardiac sphincter

the _______ separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

central sulcus

This is the most inferior part of the uterus that extends into the vaginal canal.

cervix

This structure will receive filtrate from several renal tubules.

collecting duct

What if the same situation (unable to use leg muscles) was caused by a condition that affected the white matter of the spinal cord? Which tract would be affected? a. anterior spinothalamic tract b. lateral spinothalamic tract c. anterior corticospinal tract d. lateral corticospinal tract

d. lateral corticospinal tract

Which of the following bones have an alveolar process? (Select all that apply) a. zygomatic and maxilla b. zygomatic and mandible c. maxilla and vomer d. maxilla and mandible

d. maxilla and mandible

The triceps brachii muscle would be innervated by the a. musculocutaneous nerve b.ulnar nerve c. axillary nerve d. radial nerve

d. radial nerve

Which of the following organs functions as both an endocrine and an exocrine gland? a.the adrenal gland b.the testes c.the anterior pituitary d.the pancreas

d. the pancreas

If I increase the stability of a joint, what will happen to mobility?

decrease

which rami supplies motor and sensory to posterior trunk and back of neck?

dorsal rami

Which type of WBC is commonly known to fight parasites?

eosinophils

These are the three structures that make up the male reproductive tract.

epididymis, vas deferens, and the urethra

the _____ secretes the hormone melatonin

epithalamus

what action is caused by fibularis longus and brevis?

eversion of ankle

Someone with an inability to flex the hip and numbness on the anterior thigh and medial side of the lower leg would have damage to which nerve?

femoral nerve

What is the term for the percent of whole blood occupied by the RBCs, and what is the average percent?

hematocrit, 35-50

Which plane/section would separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

horizontal

this term refers to an increase in muscle size due to an increase in the number of connections between thick and thin myofilaments

hypertrophy

the ______ is a major regulator of homeostasis

hypothalamus

This is the last region of the small intestine that will empty food contents into the large intestine (cecum or colon).

ileum

The mental region is ___ to the nasal region.

inferior

Name the large vessel that carries blood back to the right atrium from tissues that lie below the diaphragm.

inferior vena cava

interneurons function to _______ sensory information within CNS

integrate

This vessel is located inside the renal columns.

interlobar arteries

Which of the following ligaments crosses the posterior side of the hip joint?

ischiofemoral ligament

The hypochondriac regions are ________ to the epigastric region

lateral

The ________ is the bump felt on the lateral side of the ankle. (include bone name)

lateral malleolus

Someone with a bicuspid valve prolapse will have blood flowing back into the _______.

left atrium

which coronary artery is known as the "widow maker"

left coronary artery

What type of tissue is blood?

liquid connective tissue

the right and left hemispheres are separated by the

longitudinal fissure

Which type of WBC is commonly known to fight viruses and help to mediate the immune response by producing antibodies?

lymphocytes

Bile will be secreted through this structure located in the duodenum.

major duodenal papilla.

The orbital region is_________ to the otic region

medial

The _______ nerve carries sensory impulses from the anterior side of digits 1 and 2 in the hand.

median

this nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorums, and thenar compartment

median nerve

The bones that are located just distal to the cuneiform and cuboid bones are the

metatarsals

What cellular extension would a cell have if it's function was to absorb substances?

microvili

What WBC is known as a macrophage once it leaves the blood?

monocyte

______ carry impulses from CNS to muscles or glands

motor/efferent neurons

this nerve innervates the anterior upper arm

musculocutaneous

This is the most superior region of the pharynx. Include the two structures that can be found in this region.

nasopharynx - pharyngeal tonsil and opening to auditory tube

Which type of WBC is commonly known to fight bacterial infections?

neutrophils

Which type of WBC is the most abundant in our blood?

neutrophils

Do RBCs have a nucleus?

no

Are people who are considered Rh (-) born with the anti-Rh antibody?

no, born with instructions to make it

this nerve innervates the medial thigh

obturator nerve

The ____ are located in lacunae and have canaliculi to pass nutrients between neighboring cells.

osteocytes

This is the ligament that connects the ovary to the uterus.

ovarian ligament

Name the female gonads that also function as an endocrine gland.

ovaries

These are the gonads (both male and female)

ovaries and testes

This accessory organ is located in the abdominal cavity, deep to the stomach, and has its head lying in the C-shaped curvature of the duodenum.

pancreas

Name the muscle located inside the ventricle that the chordae tendinae attach to.

papillary muscle

What gland is located on the posterior side of the thyroid gland?

parathyroid hormone

This salivary gland is located anterior to the ear with a duct carrying saliva to the oral cavity.

parotid gland

This nerve innervates the diaphragm

phrenic nerve

a ______ is when blood flows from one capillary network to another capillary network before flowing through the heart ex. hypothalamus to anterior pituitary, hepatic portal system

portal system

The sural region is _ to the crural region.

posterior

the cerebellum controls ________

posture and balance

The femoral region is _____________ to the patellar region.

proximal

Which part of the conduction system is located in the outer ventricular walls?

purkinje fibers

this nerve innervates the posterior arm, posterior forearm, and posterior hand

radial nerve

______ are made up of plasma membrane, cytosol, and hemoglobin

red blood cells

when performing a sit-up and rotating to the left you will contract your

right external oblique and left internal oblique

Which plane/section would separate the two pleural cavities?

sagittal

this nerve innervates muscles of the posterior thigh

sciatic nerve

These are the glands that secrete an energy rich substance that allows sperm to become motile.

seminal vesicles

_________carry impulses from sensory receptors to CNS

sensory/ afferent neurons

This is the epithelial lining inside the large intestine.

simple columnar epithelium with microvilli + goblet cells (secrete mucus)

What would a bone be like if the tissue did not have any hydroxyapatite crystals?

soft and flexible but strong

What is the medial end of the clavicle called?

sternal end

This is the epithelial lining inside the urethra.

stratified squamous

This is the epithelial lining inside the laryngopharynx

stratified squamous epithelium

which rotator cuff muscle will internally rotate the shoulder?

subscapularis

The left kidney lies ______ to the right kidney.

superior

These are the two structures that leave impressions in the medial wall of the right lung.

superior vena cava and azygos vein

This is the location in the lower respiratory tract where the epithelial lining first lose it's cilia.

terminal bronchioles

Name the male gonads that also function as an endocrine gland.

testes

The _____ is responsible for relaying sensory and motor info to the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex and visual info to the occipital lobe

thalamus

what compartment will flex, abduct, oppose, and adduct the first digit?

thenar compartment

Pain felt on the bottom of the foot would be carried through the ________ nerve.

tibial

this nerve innervates muscles of the posterior lower leg

tibial nerve

this nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, and thenar and hypothenar compartments

ulnar nerve

These are the structures that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

ureters

the _____ horn contains cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

ventral

which rami supplies motor and sensory to anterior and lateral trunk and the extremities?

ventral rami