Anatomy Final

The type of epithelium that is found in the exchange surfaces of the lungs (alveoli) is A. simple squamous B. stratified squamous C. simple cuboidal D. stratified cuboidal E. transitional

A. simple squamous

Lysosomes- A. site of intracellular digestion B. increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption C. packages substances for release from cell D. site of protein synthesis E. cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins F. internal framework composed of a network of protein structures G. cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface H. site of ATP synthesis I. synthesizes cholesterol and fat J. genetic control center of the cell

A. site of intracellular digestion

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________. A. store adipose tissue B. form blood cells C. store calcium and phosphorus D. promote lengthwise growth in long bones E. decrease friction at joint surfaces

A. store adipose tissue

People who wear antiperspirant with deodorant are trying to reduce the secretions of the ________. A. sudoriferous glands B. mammary glands C. sebaceous glands D. stratum corneum E. dermis

A. sudoriferous glands

The acromial region is ________ to the antebrachial region. A. superior (proximal) B. inferior (distal) C. anterior D. posterior

A. superior (proximal)

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints. A. synovial B. serous C. mucous D. cutaneous

A. synovial

Which of the following groups contains only inorganic compounds? A. water, salt, oxygen B. oxygen, water, sugars C. water, salts, nucleic acids D. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins

A. water, salt, oxygen

When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis? A. Erythrocytes B. Osteoblasts C. Osteoclasts D. Chondrocytes E. Osteocytes

B. Osteoblasts

Which type of bone cell contains enzymes that breaks down the bone matrix. A. Osteoblast B. Osteoclast C. Osteocytes

B. Osteoclast

What type of joint at your elbow allows your arm to do "the whip"? A. Hinge B. Pivot C. Ball and Socket D. Condylar

B. Pivot

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers? A. Blood B. Scar tissue C. Transitional epithelium D. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium E. Simple cuboidal epithelium

B. Scar tissue

Which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria? A. Sweat B. Sebum C. Carotene D. Melanin

B. Sebum

Which body cavity subdivision is part of the dorsal cavity? A. Thoracic cavity B. Spinal cavity C. Nasal cavity D. Orbital cavity E. Abdominopelvic cavity

B. Spinal cavity

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells? A. Stratum basale B. Stratum corneum C. Stratum granulosum D. Stratum lucidum E. Stratum spinosum

B. Stratum corneum

Which of the following statements is not part of the cell theory? A. The activities of cells are determined by their structure, which determines function. B. The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells. C. Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. D. The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities. E. The continuity of life has a cellular basis.

B. The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.

Solute pumping of substances, such as sodium and potassium, across a membrane using ATP A. diffusion B. active transport C. osmosis D. endocytosis

B. active transport

What type of sweat gland produces a deluxe sweat with ducts that secrete to the armpits and genitals? A. merocrine B. apocrine C. eccrine D. sebaceous

B. apocrine

Sural A. thigh B. calf C. hip D. anterior leg E. armpit F. ankle

B. calf

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) is the ________. A. canaliculi B. central canal C. perforating (Sharpey's) fibers D. perforating (Volkmann's) canal E. lamellae

B. central canal

Epithelial cells that are known for moving material across their apical surface usually have ________. A. many mitochondria B. cilia C. microvilli D. golgi complexes E. junctional complexes

B. cilia

Fibroblasts are a common cell located in which type of tissue? A. neural tissue B. connective tissue C. muscle tissue D. epithelial tissue E. glandular tissue

B. connective tissue

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________. A. epithelial tissue B. connective tissue C. nervous tissue D. muscle tissue E. brain tissue

B. connective tissue

Type of tissue that consists of living cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix. A. nervous tissue B. connective tissue C. muscle tissue D. epithelial tissue

B. connective tissue

Type of tissue that contains collagen, elastic, or reticular fibers. A. nervous tissue B. connective tissue C. muscle tissue D. epithelial tissue

B. connective tissue

Type of tissue that supports, protects, and binds tissues together. A. nervous tissue B. connective tissue C. muscle tissue D. epithelial tissue

B. connective tissue

Type of membrane that forms the skin A. serous membrane B. cutaneous membrane C. synovial membrane D. mucous membrane

B. cutaneous membrane

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products so that they directly diffuse into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________. A. exocrine B. endocrine C. sebaceous D. ceruminous E. sudoriferous

B. endocrine

Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ________. A. desmosomes B. gap (communicating) junctions C. inclusions D. microvilli E. tight junctions

B. gap (communicating) junctions

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________. A. codon B. gene C. anticodon D. amino acid

B. gene

Where are proteins sent to be modified and packaged before being exported from the cell? A. Mitochondrion B. golgi apparatus C. Cytoskeleton D. Peroxisome E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B. golgi apparatus

The cell shown in Figure 3.2 has been placed into a(n) ________ solution. A. hypertonic B. hypotonic C. isotonic D. equilibrium

B. hypotonic

Microvilli - A. site of intracellular digestion B. increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption C. packages substances for release from cell D. site of protein synthesis E. cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins F. internal framework composed of a network of protein structures G. cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface H. site of ATP synthesis I. synthesizes cholesterol and fat J. genetic control center of the cell

B. increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption

Edna tore a ligament in the patellar region and anticipates having difficulty with her ________. A. wrist B. knee C. ankle D. elbow

B. knee

A cancer drug prevents DNA transcription from occurring. Thus, the cell unable to make ________. A. DNA B. mRNA C. anticodons D. genes

B. mRNA

"Cellular Eating" is called _____________. A. pinocytosis B. phagocytosis C. receptor mediated endocytosis. D. exocytosis

B. phagocytosis

What assists the movement of substances that travel by facilitated diffusion? A. ATP B. protein carrier or channel C. Lysosomes D. Aquaporins E. Solute pumps

B. protein carrier or channel

Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as ________. A. inflammation B. regeneration C. fibrosis D. scarring E. clotting

B. regeneration

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior. A. mucous B. serous C. cutaneous D. synovial

B. serous

The type of epithelium found lining the glands, ducts and kidney tubules is A. simple squamous B. simple cuboidal C. stratified squamous D. transitional E. pseudostratified ciliated columnar

B. simple cuboidal

The epidermis is composed of ________. A. simple columnar epithelium B. stratified squamous epithelium C. adipose tissue D. areolar tissue E. dense fibrous connective tissue

B. stratified squamous epithelium

Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function are. A. cellular aggregates B. tissues C. organs D. organ systems E. cellular strata

B. tissues

The process of transcription ________. A. produces ATP from glucose and oxygen B. transfers information from DNA into mRNA C. occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell D. creates proteins from mRNA E. translates nucleic acids into amino acids

B. transfers information from DNA into mRNA

Skeletal bones store lipids as energy reserves in areas of A. red marrow B. yellow marrow C. the matrix of bone tissue D. the ground substance.

B. yellow marrow

What is required for filtration to occur? A. ATP B. Solute pumps C. Pressure gradient D. Protein carriers

C. Pressure gradient

What is situated between the visceral and parietal pleura? A. Lung B. Heart C. Serous fluid D. Air E. Synovial fluid

C. Serous fluid

During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of RNA? A. Thymine B. Adenine C. Uracil D. Cytosine E. Guanine

C. Uracil

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin E E. Vitamin K

C. Vitamin D

While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________. A. extension B. flexion C. abduction D. adduction E. circumduction

C. abduction

Which connective tissue type provides insulation, energy, and forms the subcutaneous layer of the skin? A. dense irregular connective tissue B. areolar tissue C. adipose tissue D. fluid connective tissue E. dense regular connective tissue

C. adipose tissue

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue? A. muscle tissue B. nervous tissue C. bone tissue D. simple squamous E. glandular tissue

C. bone tissue

A gliding joint could be found in which of the following places? A. phalanges B. thumb C. carpals D. shoulder

C. carpals

Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called ________. A. anticodons B. genes C. codons D. ribosomes E. amino acids

C. codons

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________. A. basale B. granulosum C. corneum D. spinosum

C. corneum

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane from superficial to deep? A. epidermis, hypodermis, dermis B. dermis, epidermis, hypodermis C. epidermis, dermis, hypodermis D. hypodermis, dermis, epidermis E. dermis, hypodermis, dermis

C. epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Avascularity and regeneration of cells are a characteristics of which type of tissue? A. nervous tissue B. connective tissue C. epithelial tissue D. muscle tissue E. areolar tissue

C. epithelial tissue

How many codons are present in this strand of mRNA: A U G G C A C A U U A A? A. one B. three C. four D. six E. twelve

C. four

Layers or rings of calcification that are found in compact bone A. osteoblasts B. canaliculi C. lamellae D. lacunae E. osteoclasts

C. lamellae

Type of tissue that is specialized to contract and produce movement. A. nervous tissue B. connective tissue C. muscle tissue D. epithelial tissue

C. muscle tissue

The basic functional unit of mature compact bone are A. lacunae B. osteocytes C. osteons D. canaliculi

C. osteons

What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue? A. Presence of striations B. Long, slow contractions C. Presence of intercalated discs D. Involuntary contractions E. Presence of short, branching cells

D. Involuntary contractions

What is the main function of the quadriceps group? A. Arm flexion B. Hand supination C. Thigh abduction D. Knee extension E. Foot inversion

D. Knee extension

The epiphysis is represented by ________. A. Label H B. Label C C. Label A D. Label B E. Label F

D. Label B

The hypodermis, or subcutaneous tissue, is represented by ________. A. Label A B. Label B C. Label C D. Label D E. Label E F. Label F

D. Label D

The area that causes the lengthwise growth of a long bone is indicated by ________. A. Label F B. Label D C. Label A D. Label E E. Label C

D. Label E

Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color? A. Collagen; elastic; keratin B. Melanin; jaundice; erythema C. Sebum; sweat; urea D. Melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

D. Melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

Which of the following membranes lines all body cavities that are open to the exterior? A. Pleura B. Synovial C. Cutaneous D. Mucous E. Serous

D. Mucous

What are two types of endocytosis? A. Cellular secretion and solute pumping B. Solute pumping and active transport C. Active transport and phagocytosis D. Phagocytosis and pinocytosis E. Pinocytosis and passive transport

D. Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The skin slide with abundant dense irregular tissue should be labeled as the ________. A. epidermis B. papillary layer of the dermis C. subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) D. reticular layer of the dermis E. stratum corneum

D. reticular layer of the dermis

Ribosomes - A. site of intracellular digestion B. increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption C. packages substances for release from cell D. site of protein synthesis E. cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins F. internal framework composed of a network of protein structures G. cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface H. site of ATP synthesis I. synthesizes cholesterol and fat J. genetic control center of the cell

D. site of protein synthesis

The type of epithelium found lining urinary bladder is A. simple squamous B. simple cuboidal C. simple columnar D. transitional E. pseudostratified ciliated columnar

D. transitional

Some antibiotics inhibit tRNA from delivering amino acids to the ribosome. What process cannot be completed? A. transcription B. mitosis C. replication D. translation E. cytokinesis

D. translation

Label F points to the ________ cavity.

pelvic

The spinal cord is best described as ___________. A. lateral B. proximal C. ventral (anterior) D. medial

D. medial

Milk production increases during breastfeeding when a newborn suckles from his mother's nipple. This type of feedback mechanism in which the stimulus pushes milk production farther from its original value best describes ________. A. negative feedback B. an abnormal physiological mechanism C. homeostatic imbalance D. positive feedback E. both negative and positive feedback

D. positive feedback

Antebrachial A. thigh B. calf C. forearm D. curve of shoulder E. anterior leg

C. forearm

Where does transcription take place? A. ribosome B. histone C. nucleus D. nucleolus

C. nucleus

A biologist analyzes a sample that contains an organic molecule and finds the following constituents: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. On the basis of this information, what type of macromolecule is it? A. carb B. lipid C. protein D. electrolyte

C. protein

Using anatomical terms of direction, supply the word that would make the sentence correct. The lung is ________ to the stomach. A. inferior B. dorsal C. superior D. ventral E. deep

C. superior

Characteristics of most living organisms include the ability to... A. control the external environment B. repair and completely restore itself during any type of injury C. create a protective covering over themselves D. form positive feedback loops E. respond and adapt to their environment

E. respond and adapt to their environment

Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes to be incorporated into amino acid chains by which molecule? A. rRNA B. DNA C. mRNA D. snRNA E. tRNA

E. tRNA

When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ________. A. to the side B. forward C. down D. behind

B. forward

The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________. A. anaphase B. interphase C. metaphase D. telophase

B. interphase

Which structure is produced during transcription? A. free ribosome B. mRNA C. transport vesicle D. fixed ribosome E. DNA

B. mRNA

The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the ________. A. pleural cavity B. mediastinum C. quadrant D. visceral cavity

B. mediastinum

Glucose is an example of a / an __________. A. disaccharide B. monosaccharide C. enzyme D. lipid E. protein

B. monosaccharide

The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones form the ________ system. A. skeletal B. muscular C. endocrine D. reproductive

B. muscular

A weight lifter experiences nerve pain in his posterior elbow region. Which term best describes this body region? A. Carpal B. olecranal C. Antecubital D. Antebrachial E. Popliteal

B. olecranal

The molecule that an enzyme acts on is called a / an _________________. A. product B. substrate C. catalyst

B. substrate

A person who is lying on his or her back is said to be in the... A. transverse position B. supine position C. frontal position D. sagittal position E. prone position

B. supine position

If an enzyme is placed in boiling water.... A. the enzyme will be able to function like normal B. the enzyme will not be able to perform its function because it has been denatured. C. the enzyme will not be able to work because it does not have enough energy D. the enzyme will not be able to work because it has been "turned off."

B. the enzyme will not be able to perform its function because it has been denatured.

The two major subdivisions of internal body cavities are the ________ cavity and the ________ cavity. A. abdominopelvic; thoracic B. ventral; dorsal C. cranial; dorsal D. thoracic; ventral

B. ventral; dorsal

The patella is indicated by ________. A. Label E B. Label G C. Label I D. Label U E. Label A

C. Label I

Where are mucous membranes found? A. Lining joint cavities B. Covering the heart C. Lining the inside of the stomach D. Covering the brain E. Lining the abdominal cavity wall

C. Lining the inside of the stomach

What macromolecule is is as a long term energy supply and insulation? A. Carbs B. Proteins C. Lipids D. Nucleic Acids

C. Lipids

_______________ allows for the blood vessels in the osteon to be linked with blood vessels in other osteons. A. Canaliculi B. The central canal C. Perforating canals D. Haversian canals

C. Perforating canals

_________ processes move substances across a membrane with help from ATP. A. Active transport B. Filtration C. Osmotic D. Passive transport E. Diffusion

A. Active transport

Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA. (true or false)

True

Enzymes can be re-used (true or false)

True

Hypercalcemia promotes the deposition of calcium to bones using osteoblasts. (true or false)

True

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems work together to ensure blood circulation to the body's cells is adequate. (true or false)

True

The more mobile a joint, the more prone it is to injury. (true or false)

True

The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier. (true or false)

True

The stomach is an example of an organ; therefore, it is made of different types of tissues. (true or false)

True

Burned area affects the epidermis and superficial dermis A. second-degree burn B. fourth-degree burn C. third-degree burn D. first-degree burn

A. second-degree burn

Type of membrane that contains a visceral and a parietal layer A. serous membrane B. cutaneous membrane C. synovial membrane D. mucous membrane

A. serous membrane

The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is ________. A. Label A B. Label B C. Label C D. Label D E. Label E

B. Label B

The diaphysis is indicated by ________. A. Label D B. Label C C. Label G D. Label A E. Label H

B. Label C

The humerus is indicated by ________. A. Label C B. Label E C. Label Q D. Label S

B. Label E

The fibula is indicated by ________. A. Label Q B. Label X C. Label R D. Label T E. Label W

B. Label X

Sheets of matrix within the osteon are known as A. Lacunae B. Lamella C. Central Canal D. Perforating Canal

B. Lamella

The humerus is an example of a ___________ bone. A. Short B. Long C. Irregular D. Flat

B. Long

The gland that produces a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells is indicated by ________. A. Label A B. Label B C. Label C D. Label D E. Label E F. Label F

C. Label C

Which of the following gives bones their hardness? A. Calcium Phosphate B. Collagen Fibers C. Elastin D. Salt

A. Calcium Phosphate

What forms the hard matrix of osseous tissue (bone)? A. Calcium salts B. Water C. Fibroblasts D. Plasma E. Cartilage

A. Calcium salts

The _____________ is the wider portion of the ends of the bone A. Epiphysis B. Diaphysis C. Bone Marrow D. Periosteum

A. Epiphysis

Which of the following processes require the use of protein molecules? A. Facilitated diffusion and solute pumping B. Facilitated diffusion and vesicular transport C. Vesicular transport and osmosis D. Osmosis and filtration E. Filtration and exocytosis

A. Facilitated diffusion and solute pumping

What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis? A. First-degree B. Second-degree C. Third-degree D. Fourth-degree

A. First-degree

The area that contains glassy hyaline cartilage that provides a smooth slippery surface that decreases friction is indicated by ________. A. Label D B. Label H C. Label E D. Label B E. Label A

A. Label D

The area that serves as a storage area for fat (adipose tissue) in adults is indicated by A. Label H B. Label F C. Label A D. Label G E. Label B

A. Label H

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, predict how the cell responds. A. The cell will shrink. B. The cell will not change in size or shape. C. The cell will bloat. D. The cell will rupture. E. The cell will lyse.

A. The cell will shrink.

Which of the following is a vital function of the integumentary system? A. The skin synthesizes vitamin D. B. The skin aids in the transport of materials throughout the body. C. The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy. D. The skin absorbs vitamin C, so that the skin will not be subject to diseases. E. The skin aids in desiccation.

A. The skin synthesizes vitamin D

Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________. A. canaliculi B. perforating (Volkmann's) canals C. central (Haversian) canals D. perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

A. canaliculi

The muscle tissue that contains intercalated discs is ________ muscle. A. cardiac B. skeletal C. smooth D. voluntary E. multinucleate

A. cardiac

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ________. A. cytosol, organelles, and inclusions B. cytosol, inclusions, and nucleoli C. cytosol, organelles, and nucleoli D. organelles, inclusions, and nucleoli E. organelles, inclusions, and ribosomes

A. cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

What type of tissue forms tendons and ligaments? A. dense regular connective tissue B. dense irregular connective tissue C. areolar connective tissue D. reticular connective tissue E. smooth muscular tissue

A. dense regular connective tissue

If someone sitting at the other end of a bar is smoking, you may still breathe in some of the smoke. What process involves the movement of the smoke away from its source? A. diffusion B. Osmosis C. facilitated diffusion D. Endocytosis E. filtration

A. diffusion

Type of passive process in which molecules move across the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient. (two correct answers) A. diffusion B. active transport C. osmosis D. endocytosis

A. diffusion C. osmosis

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions on to the skin's surface via ducts. A. exocrine B. endocrine C. serous D. mucous

A. exocrine

Which of the following accounts for most of the volume of connective tissues? A. extracellular matrix B. blood vessels C. lipid molecules D. carbohydrates E. cells

A. extracellular matrix

Jason injured his hamstring muscle group during football practice. He will be unable to perform ________. A. hip extension and knee flexion B. dorsiflexion C. thigh abduction and adduction D. leg rotation and plantar flexion

A. hip extension and knee flexion

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell. A. hypotonic B. hypertonic C. intravenous D. isotonic E. Ringer's lactate

A. hypotonic

DNA replication takes place during ________. A. interphase B. prophase C. metaphase D. anaphase E. telophase

A. interphase

The portion of the cell's life cycle that does not involve cell division is known as ________. A. interphase B. mitosis C. metaphase D. prophase E. cytokinesis

A. interphase

Type of tissue that is found in the brain and spinal cord. A. nervous tissue B. connective tissue C. muscle tissue D. epithelial tissue

A. nervous tissue

Type of tissue whose two functional characteristics are irritability and conductivity. A. nervous tissue B. connective tissue C. muscle tissue D. epithelial tissue

A. nervous tissue

Cells that can build bony matrix A. osteoblasts B. canaliculi C. lamellae D. lacunae E. osteoclasts

A. osteoblasts

How would you classify the shoulder and hip joints? A. Pivot joint B. Ball-and-socket joint C. Condylar joint D. Hinge joint E. Saddle joint

B. Ball-and-socket joint

If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________. A. CAU-CGU B. CAT-CGT C. GAU-GCU D. GAT-GCT E. ACG-ATT

B. CAT-CGT

Which of type of transport produces secretory vesicles to be sent out of the cell? A. Endocytosis B. Exocytosis C. Phagocytosis D. Pinocytosis

B. Exocytosis

The arrector pili muscle is represented by ________. A. Label A B. Label B C. Label C D. Label D E. Label E F. Label F

B. Label B

Toya stepped on a tack while barefoot. It pierced all the way into the dermis. Through which strata of the epidermis did the tack pierce, from superficial to deep? 1. Stratum basale 2. Stratum corneum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum 5. Stratum spinosum A. 2, 3, 5, 1, 4 B. 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 C. 2, 4, 3, 5, 1 D. 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 E. 2, 3, 4, 1, 5

C. 2, 4, 3, 5, 1

Enlargement in the diameter/width of bones is known as. A. Intramembranous growth B. Endochondral growth C. Appositional growth

C. Appositional growth

Which of the following is the main structure that forms the diaphysis of long bones. A. Spongy Bone B. Periosteum C. Compact bone D. Endosteum E. Canaliculi

C. Compact bone

What does collagen contribute as a component of bone? A. Elasticity B. Hardness C. Flexibility D. Brittleness E. Resistance to compression

C. Flexibility

Which of the following is not a structural component of the nucleus? A. Nuclear envelope B. Nucleolus C. Golgi apparatus D. chromatin E. Nuclear pores

C. Golgi apparatus

The clavicle is indicated by ________. A. Label M B. Label O C. Label C D. Label D E. Label P

C. Label C

Golgi apparatus - A. site of intracellular digestion B. increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption C. packages substances for release from cell D. site of protein synthesis E. cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins F. internal framework composed of a network of protein structures G. cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface H. site of ATP synthesis I. synthesizes cholesterol and fat J. genetic control center of the cell

C. packages substances for release from cell

The type of epithelium found lining the stomach and small intestine A. simple squamous B. simple cuboidal C. simple columnar D. transitional E. pseudostratified ciliated columnar

C. simple columnar

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________. A. cardiac muscle B. skeletal muscle C. smooth muscle D. both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle E. both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle

C. smooth muscle

Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order. 1. The protein folds into its functional shape. 2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing. 3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle. 4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER. A. 1, 3, 2, 4 B. 4, 1, 2, 3 C. 1, 3, 4, 2 D. 4, 1, 3, 2

D. 4, 1, 3, 2

What is housed in a lacuna of compact bone tissue? A. Lamellae B. Collagen fibers C. An osteon D. An osteocyte E. An osteoclast

D. An osteocyte

Which of the following letters in the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect? A. A stands for asymmetry. B. B stands for border irregularity. C. C stands for color. D. D stands for diagnosis.

D. D stands for diagnosis.

A tissue on your lab exam has an apical surface and basement membrane. You observe multiple layers. The cells near the apical surface are flattened cells while those near the basement membrane are cuboidal or columnar in appearance. You identify it as transitional epithelium but later learn it was actually stratified squamous epithelial tissue. What key feature in the description of this tissue makes your answer incorrect? A. Presence of an apical surface B. Presence of multiple layers C. Presence of a basement membrane D. Presence of flattened cells near the apical surface E. Presence of cuboidal or columnar cells near the basement membrane

D. Presence of flattened cells near the apical surface

A drug prevents cancerous cells from replicating by inhibiting the creation of a mitotic spindle. During which phase of mitosis is this drug most effective? A. anaphase B. Cytokinesis C. metaphase D. Prophase E. Telophase

D. Prophase

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? A. Storage of fat and minerals B. Support the body C. Protection of soft body organs D. Regulation of blood pressure

D. Regulation of blood pressure

Which of the following is not classified as a connective tissue? A. Bone B. Hyaline cartilage C. Blood D. Skeletal muscle E. Loose adipose

D. Skeletal muscle

Which of the following layers is not found in thin skin? A. Stratum basale B. Stratum corneum C. Stratum granulosum D. Stratum lucidum E. Stratum spinosum

D. Stratum lucidum

Which of the following is a correct statement about stratified epithelia? A. They are vascular. B. They line only internal compartments and passageways. C. They are characteristic of regions when secretion or absorption occurs. D. They cover surfaces that are subjected to mechanical or chemical stress. E. They afford little mechanical protection.

D. They cover surfaces that are subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ________. A. nucleus B. element C. cytoplasm D. cell E. organelle

D. cell

The major cell type of cartilage is the ________. A. goblet cell B. fibroblast C. osteocyte D. chondrocyte E. lacuna

D. chondrocyte

The tissue type in the body that stores energy is __________ tissue. A. muscle B. nervous C. epithelial D. connective E. contractive

D. connective

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________. A. muscle tissue B. loose connective tissue C. epithelial tissue D. dense connective tissue E. nervous tissue

D. dense connective tissue

Exocrine secretions are discharged onto some external or internal body surface through a(n) A. flagellum B. cillium C. plasma membrane D. duct E. microvilli

D. duct

Secretions that are discharged directly into the blood are characteristic of _________ glands. A. apocrine B. holocrine C. exocrine D. endocrine E. merocrine

D. endocrine

Type of active process in which the cell engulfs extracellular substances by phagocytosis or pinocytosis. A. diffusion B. active transport C. osmosis D. endocytosis

D. endocytosis

Type of tissue that has an apical surface and a basement membrane. A. nervous tissue B. connective tissue C. muscle tissue D. epithelial tissue

D. epithelial tissue

Type of tissue that is common in glands and their ducts. A. nervous tissue B. connective tissue C. muscle tissue D. epithelial tissue

D. epithelial tissue

The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________. A. compact bones B. irregular bones C. flat bones D. long bones E. sesamoid bones

D. long bones

Hair color is due to a pigment known as ________. A. hemoglobin B. carotene C. keratin D. melanin

D. melanin

The small intestine has tiny, finger-like projections of the plasma membrane that help increase the surface area and aid in absorption of nutrients known as ________. A. vesicles B. cilia C. centrioles D. microvilli E. flagella

D. microvilli

The process of bone formation is known as ________. A. hematopoiesis B. hemostasis C. metabolism D. ossification

D. ossification

________________ lines the marrow cavity and the spongy bone. A. Periostium B. Compact Bone C. Lacunae D. Lamellae E. Endosteum

E. Endosteum

Which type of tissue is most likely to repair itself if injured? A. Cardiac muscle tissue B. Dense connective tissue C. Skeletal muscle tissue D. Nervous tissue E. Epithelial tissue

E. Epithelial tissue

Although you get wet while swimming, which protein makes the epidermis a tough protective layer? A. Serous fluid B. Melanin C. Mucus D. Carotene E. Keratin

E. Keratin

The periosteum, a connective tissue covering on the diaphysis, is represented by ________. A. Label C B. Label A C. Label G D. Label B E. Label F

E. Label F

The radius bone is indicated by ________. A. Label T B. Label R C. Label F D. Label S E. Label Q

E. Label Q

The carpals are indicated by ________. A. Label N B. Label X C. Label J D. Label I E. Label T

E. Label T

Identify the type of connective tissue that strengthens and supports areas subjected to stresses from many directions. A. dense regular connective tissue B. reticular tissue C. areolar tissue D. adipose tissue E. dense irregular connective tissue

E. dense irregular connective tissue

The study of tissues is called ___________. A. cytology B. cell physiology C. systematic physiology D. pathology E. histology

E. histology

Smooth muscle tissue is known as ________ muscle. A. cardiac B. striated voluntary C. nonstriated voluntary D. striated involuntary E. nonstriated involuntary

E. nonstriated involuntary

Fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the ________. A. reticular layer of the dermis B. subcutaneous tissue C. stratum lucidum D. hypodermis E. papillary layer of the dermis

E. papillary layer of the dermis

A needle performing a biopsy of lung tissue would travel through the serous membrane layers surrounding the lung in the following order ________. A. visceral pleura, lung, parietal pleura B. visceral pleura, parietal pleura, lung C. parietal pleura, lung, visceral pleura D. visceral pericardium, lung, parietal pericardium E. parietal pleura, visceral pleura, lung

E. parietal pleura, visceral pleura, lung

The type of epithelium found lining the trachea and respiratory tract. A. simple squamous B. simple cuboidal C. stratified squamous D. transitional E. pseudostratified ciliated columnar

E. pseudostratified ciliated columnar

The muscle tissue that contains very large, multinucleate cells is ___________ muscle. A. multinucleate B. cardiac C. smooth D. voluntary E. skeletal

E. skeletal

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ________. A. ATP B. messenger RNA (mRNA) C. ribosomal RNA (rRNA) D. DNA E. transfer RNA (tRNA)

E. transfer RNA (tRNA)

Which of the following sequences is correct? A. triplet--ribosome--codon--protein B. triplet--anticodon--ribosome--protein C. codon--triplet--ribosome--protein D. triplet--anticodon--codon--protein E. triplet--codon--anticodon--protein

E. triplet--codon--anticodon--protein

Cytoskeleton - A. site of intracellular digestion B. increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption C. packages substances for release from cell D. site of protein synthesis E. cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins F. internal framework composed of a network of protein structures G. cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface H. site of ATP synthesis I. synthesizes cholesterol and fat J. genetic control center of the cell

F. internal framework composed of a network of protein structures

Bonds are formed through hydrolysis reactions. (true or false)

False

Bones are the solid, non-living structures that hold up our bodies. (true or false)

False

Connective tissue are commonly exposed to the outside environment. (true or false)

False

Glands of the nervous system release chemicals called hormones into the blood. (true or false)

False

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries an anticodon that codes for the amino acid while transfer RNA (tRNA) carries a codon complementary to the anticodon. (true or false)

False

Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water. (true or false)

False

Ribosomes are found attached to smooth endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm. (true or false)

False

Structurally, the plasma membrane is nonporous. (true or false)

False

The tarsal region is proximal to the patellar region. (true or false)

False

Cilia - A. site of intracellular digestion B. increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption C. packages substances for release from cell D. site of protein synthesis E. cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins F. internal framework composed of a network of protein structures G. cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface H. site of ATP synthesis I. synthesizes cholesterol and fat J. genetic control center of the cell

G. cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface

Type of dance movement known as "the whip" would be considered what movement? A. supination B. adduction C. flexion D. extension E. plantar flexion F. abduction G. pronation

G. pronation

Mitochondria - A. site of intracellular digestion B. increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption C. packages substances for release from cell D. site of protein synthesis E. cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins F. internal framework composed of a network of protein structures G. cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface H. site of ATP synthesis I. synthesizes cholesterol and fat J. genetic control center of the cell

H. site of ATP synthesis

Smooth ER - A. site of intracellular digestion B. increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption C. packages substances for release from cell D. site of protein synthesis E. cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins F. internal framework composed of a network of protein structures G. cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface H. site of ATP synthesis I. synthesizes cholesterol and fat J. genetic control center of the cell

I. synthesizes cholesterol and fat

Nucleus - A. site of intracellular digestion B. increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption C. packages substances for release from cell D. site of protein synthesis E. cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins F. internal framework composed of a network of protein structures G. cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface H. site of ATP synthesis I. synthesizes cholesterol and fat J. genetic control center of the cell

J. genetic control center of the cell

Which label is the cavity that houses the heart and lungs (and other organs).

Label C

Label E points to the _____ cavity

abdominal

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________. A. gap junctions B. tight junctions C. desmosomes D. microvilli

B. tight junctions

The main function of the respiratory system is to ________. A. transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues B. produce sperm and eggs C. supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide D. control body activities through hormones released into the blood E. break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal

C. supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Chemical bonds in the body are formed through which type of reaction? A. Hydrolysis B. Single Replacement C. Combustion D. Dehydration Synthesis

D. Dehydration Synthesis

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees? A. Proximal B. Medial C. Superior D. Distal E. Deep

D. Distal

What macromolecules contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen? A. Carbs B. Proteins C. Lipids D. Nucleic Acids E. All of these answers are correct

E. All of these answers are correct

Moves fluids or secretions along the cell surface. A. Centrioles B. Peroxisomes C. Proteasomes D. Microvilli E. Cilia

E. Cilia

During which phase of the cell cycle is does the cell grow? A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. S Phase E. G Phase

E. G Phase

Which type of plane separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? A. coronal B. sagittal C. dorsal D. ventral E. Transverse

E. Transverse

The diaphragm creates a ________ section by dividing the ventral body cavity into superior and inferior subdivisions. A. transverse (cross) B. median C. midsagittal D. frontal (coronal)

A transverse (cross)

Which two organ systems include the pancreas? A. Digestive and endocrine systems B. Urinary and respiratory systems C. Reproductive and urinary systems D. Digestive and respiratory systems E. Endocrine and respiratory systems

A. Digestive and endocrine systems

Carbonn Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus are all found in _________________. A. Nucleic Acids B. Lipids C. Carbs D. Proteins

A. Nucleic Acids

What is the major function of the lymphatic system? A. Return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system, so there is enough blood to circulate B. Deliver oxygen, nutrients, and hormones via the blood to the body's cells C. Eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the blood in the form of urine D. Break down food and deliver the nutrients to the blood E. Secrete hormones into the blood to regulate body processes such as growth and reproduction

A. Return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system, so there is enough blood to circulate

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called ________. A. anatomy B. physiology C. homeostasis D. negative feedback E. irritability

A. anatomy

An inhibitor molecule binds to the active site of an enzyme in ___________. A. competitive inhibition B. allosteric inhibition

A. competitive inhibition

Which of the following is a polymer? A. glycogen B. glucose C. glucagon D. monosaccharides

A. glycogen

The "tail" of a phospholipid is..... A. hydrophobic and nonpolar B. nonpolar C. hydrophilic D. both hydrophilic and polar

A. hydrophobic and nonpolar

Immersion of red blood cells into a(n) _________ solution results in hemolysis. A. hypotonic B. monotonic C. equilibrium D. isotonic E. hypertonic

A. hypotonic

A surgeon created an opening in the chest during surgery. The incision was made along a plane that equally separated the right and left halves of the thoracic cavity. This section is known as a(n) ________. A. median (midsagittal) section B. frontal section C. transverse section D. horizontal section E. parasagittal section

A. median (midsagittal) section

The cell's ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced by the ____________. A. nucleoli B. Golgi apparatus C. ribosomes D. lysosomes E. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A. nucleoli

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called... A. organelles B. cilia C. flagella D. microvilli

A. organelles

An initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces the stimulus in ___________. A. positive feedback B. regulation C. integration D. homeostasis E. negative feedback

A. positive feedback

A structure that senses change is called a(n) _________. A. receptor B. stimulus C. effector D. integration center E. control center

A. receptor

Place these body regions in order from superior (proximal) to inferior (distal): 1) coxal 2) tarsal 3) femoral 4) crural 5) patellar A. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 2 B. 1, 3, 5, 4, and 2 C. 1, 4, 3, 5, and 2 D. 2, 4, 5, 3, and 1 E. 2, 5, 4, 3, and 1

B. 1, 3, 5, 4, and 2

Cells that are required to move fluids or secretions along the cell surface will have _______. A. flagella B. Cilia C. microvilli D. proteasomes E. lysosomes

B. Cilia

When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction, which type of molecule is formed? A. Diglyceride B. Disaccharide C. Polysaccharides D. Protein

B. Disaccharide

When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98.6°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland? A. Stimulus B. Effector C. Receptor D. Control Center

B. Effector

Which of the following consists of a network of flattened membranous disks? A. nucleoli B. Golgi apparatus C. rough ER D. mitochondria E. smooth ER

B. Golgi apparatus

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues? A. Endocrine system B. Integumentary system C. Nervous system D. Lymphatic system E. Skeletal system

B. Integumentary system

Muscle cells need abundant ATP for muscle contractions. Which organelle must commonly be found in muscle cells to accommodate ATP production? A. Golgi apparatus B. Mitochondrion C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum D. Lysosome

B. Mitochondrion

Which body cavity includes all others? A. Thoracic cavity B. Ventral cavity C. Abdominal cavity D. Pelvic cavity E. Mediastinum

B. Ventral cavity

The process of maintaining stability through the adaptive change of the organism's internal environment to meet perceived and anticipated demands is known as... A. homeostasis B. allostasis C. negative feedback D. positive feedback E. equilibrium

B. allostasis

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________. A. nucleolus B. cytoplasm C. interstitial fluid D. extracellular fluid

B. cytoplasm

Which molecule is in the shape of a double helix? A. Carb B. RNA C. DNA D. Lipid E. Protein

C. DNA

What process results in the exact duplication of DNA? A. metaphase B. prophase C. DNA replication D. protein synthesis

C. DNA replication

The changing of protein shape is called ________. A. Delination B. Destructurization C. Denaturation D. Deshapization

C. Denaturation

Which type of cell junction anchors cells together, so as to prevent the cells of cardiac muscle tissue from pulling apart due to mechanical stress as the heart beats? A. Tight junctions B. Gap junctions C. Desmosomes D. Cytoplasm

C. Desmosomes

Which of these body regions is located on the posterior body surface? A. Antebrachial B. Umbilical C. Gluteal D. Pectoral E. Pubic

C. Gluteal

What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid? A. Nucleus B. Cytoskeleton C. Plasma membrane D. Mitochondrion

C. Plasma membrane

Proteins are composed of units called A. nucleotides B. fatty acids C. amino acids D. adenosines E. simple sugars

C. amino acids

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with ________ in humans. A. posterior B. dorsal C. anterior D. medial

C. anterior

Brachial A. calf B. forearm C. arm D. curve of shoulder E. groin F. ankle

C. arm

A body part that is considered lateral is understood to be ________. A. toward the head end of the body B. toward or at the front of the body C. away from the midline of the body D. close to the origin of a body part E. toward the midline of the body

C. away from the midline of the body

The major organs of the skeletal system are the ________. A. skeletal muscles B. pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs C. bones, cartilages, and joints D. brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors E. heart and blood vessels

C. bones, cartilages, and joints

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________. A. mitosis B. interphase C. cytokinesis D. meiosis

C. cytokinesis

The ________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine. A. urinary; digestive B. cardiovascular; urinary C. digestive; urinary D. reproductive; digestive

C. digestive; urinary

The release of intracellular materials by a vesicle at the cell surface is called A. endocytosis B. osmosis C. exocytosis D. an ion exchange pump E. active transport

C. exocytosis

Superficial means... A. farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk B. away from the midline C. external D. anterior E. internal F. close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

C. external

Which of these regions is not associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head? A. Buccal B. Oral C. Orbital D. Occipital E. Nasal

D. Occipital

Support, movement, metabolic regulation and defense are functions of which macromolecule. A. Nucleic Acids B. Lipids C. Carbs D. Proteins

D. Proteins

Considering the homeostatic control of body temperature when we become too hot, predict what would happen to body temperature if the effector was unable to perform its job. A. The body would no longer be able to detect changes in the environment. B. Changes in the environment would not cause a change in the set value for body temperature. C. The body would not be able to transport information to the control center. D. The body would not be able to reduce the effect of the stimulus. E. The body would not be able to transport information from the control center to the effector.

D. The body would not be able to reduce the effect of the stimulus.

A football player broke a bone in the tarsal region. This region is in the ________. A. calf B. thigh C. groin D. ankle E. wrist

D. ankle

Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________. A. utilize ATP B. employ protein pumps C. transport substances against their concentration gradients D. do not require ATP E. include exocytosis and endocytosis

D. do not require ATP

The system that controls and coordinates the body using hormones is the ________. A. integumentary system B. skeletal system C. nervous system D. endocrine system E. digestive system

D. endocrine system

The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration by interacting with a carrier protein is an example of.... A. active transport B. osmosis C. filtration D. facilitated diffusion E. diffusion

D. facilitated diffusion

The process by which vesicles containing fluid are formed on the surface of a cell for transport into the cell is called ________________. A. receptor-mediated endocytosis B. ion exchange C. phagocytosis D. pinocytosis E. exocytosis

D. pinocytosis

Which macromolecule contains nitrogen and peptide bonds? A. carbs B. monomers C. lipids D. proteins E. disaccharides

D. proteins

The organelle responsible for making proteins is the ___________. A. Golgi apparatus B. microtubules C. mitochondria D. rough ER E. ribosomes

D. rough ER

A collection of cells that work together designates a(n) A. organ B. chemical C. organ system D. tissue E. molecule

D. tissue

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? A. Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to release blood sugar. B. An increase in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature. C. A severe cut triggers accelerated blood clotting until the bleeding stops. D. An increase in ambient room temperature triggers the thermostat to turn on the heater. E. An increase in normal body temperature triggers heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and increased sweating.

E. An increase in normal body temperature triggers heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and increased sweating.

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study? A. Making a section through the kidney to observe its interior B. Examining the surface of a bone C. Viewing muscle tissue through a microscope D. Studying how the layers of the skin are organized E. Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

E. Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

In reference to the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions, which of the following statements is correct? A. The patellar region is superior to the popliteal region. B. The patellar region is proximal to the popliteal region. C. The patellar region is distal to the popliteal region. D. The patellar region is lateral to the popliteal region. E. The patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region.

E. The patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region.

Axillary A. calf B. arm C. curve of shoulder D. anterior leg E. armpit F. ankle

E. armpit

Inguinal A. thigh B. forearm C. arm D. hip E. groin F. ankle

E. groin