Anatomy Final Random Questions
91) The bicuspid, or mitral, valve is located
B) between the left atrium and left ventricle
33) Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
B) calmodulin
74) The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with
B) closing of the mitral valve.
51) Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations
B) colony-stimulating factor
10) The primary function of ADH is to
B) decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys
54) The process of fibrinolysis
B) dissolves clots
45) The process of red blood cell production is called
B) erythropoiesis
40) Identify the components of the cardiovascular system. (Module 17.1A)
B) heart, blood, and blood vessels
92) Which of the following would decrease heart rate?
B) increased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers
53) Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the
B) kidney
35) Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?
B) low blood glucose
41) Identify the two types of leukemia. (Module 17.11B)
B) myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia
52) During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
B) neutrophils
8) The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
B) parathyroid hormone
75) The wall(s) of the ________ rest(s) on the diaphragm
B) right ventricle
17) When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the
B) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm
95) The cavity that contains the lungs, the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea is called the
B) thoracic cavity
94) The heart beats approximately ________ times each day
C) 100,000
82) Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States
C) 50
29) Define synergistic effect. (Module 16.14A)
C) A synergistic effect is when two hormones have an effect where the net result is greater than the sum of the hormones' individual effects
77) Why is it important that cardiac tissue contain many mitochondria and capillaries? (Module 18.3C)
C) Cardiac tissue is metabolically active and dependent on mitochondrial activity to use aerobic respiration to generate ATP and capillaries provide the oxygen and nutrients for this process.
60) Define hemocytoblasts. (Module 17.3A)
C) Hemocytoblasts form from hematopoietic stem cells and divide into lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells.
16) The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is
C) MSH
62) What is the most common blood type in the United States? (Module 17.7B)
C) O+
39) Describe platelets and their origin. (Module 17.3B)
C) Platelets are cell fragments that develop from megakaryocytes
83) Describe the location and position of the heart. (Module 18.1A)
C) The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, directly behind the sternum
71) Why is ventricular fibrillation fatal? (Module 18.13C)
C) Ventricular fibrillation is fatal because the ventricles quiver and do not pump blood to the systemic circulation.
42) Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets?
C) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
49) After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect
C) an increased reticulocyte count
84) The contraction phase of the upper chambers of the heart is called
C) atrial systole
97) List the phases of the cardiac cycle. (Module 18.10A)
C) atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole
3) The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ions. This complex can then activate enzymes
C) calmodulin
46) Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes?
C) defend against specific pathogens or toxins
76) As the heart rate slows, ________ get(s) longer
C) diastole
13) The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces
C) digestive enzymes
18) If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting
C) glucagon
99) Name the four chambers of the heart. (Module 18.1C)
C) left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle
57) A person's blood type is determined largely by the
C) presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane
90) Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the
C) pulmonary valve
7) The consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds called general adaptation syndrome has all the following phases except
C) restorative
34) Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time
C) several
69) The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters
D) 5 to 6
31) After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which of the following hormones?
D) ADH
9) Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of
D) ADH
23) What condition is characterized by increased body weight due to Na+ and water retention and a low blood K+ concentration? (Module 16.18C)
D) Aldosteronism
36) The hypophyseal portal system
D) All of the answers are correct
24) Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?
D) It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream
58) Describe the functional aspects of RBCs. (Module 17.5A)
D) RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio, exhibit the ability to form stacks, and they are flexible.
86) What effect would compressing the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm have on cardiac function?
D) Sympathetic stimulation of the heart would increase
22) Describe the locations of the parathyroid glands. (Module 16.9A)
D) They are embedded in the posterior surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland.
81) What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph?
D) both AV valves open and diastolic refilling begins
38) A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to
D) cause clot dissolution to proceed faster
20) All of the following are result of thyroid hormones except
D) decreased heart rate and force of contraction
67) Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to
D) form stacks
78) The pulmonary veins carry blood to the
D) heart
89) The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow
D) in one direction only
64) Platelet factor (PF-3) is a factor in the ________ pathway
D) intrinsic
32) The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the
D) lobe
1) The term used to describe excess production of urine is
D) polyuria
93) Contractions of the papillary muscles
D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria
87) As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.
D) pulmonary valve
27) If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
D) resistance
72) Define autorhythmicity. (Module 18.12A)
E) Autorhythmicity is the ability of the heart to contract without neural or hormonal stimulation
88) What is coronary ischemia? (Module 18.8B)
E) Coronary ischemia is a condition in which the blood supply of the coronary arteries is reduced
56) Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?
E) Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter.
50) How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?
E) The coagulation pathway would be lacking a required cofactor at many steps and coagulation would be prevented
85) If the cells of the SA node failed to function, how would the heart rate be affected? (Module 18.12B)
E) The heart would beat slower because the AV node would be the pacemaker
15) Name the hormone and enzyme secreted by the kidneys. (Module 16.15B)
E) The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin
5) Peptide hormones are
E) composed of amino acids.
30) The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
E) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
26) The condition known as goiter can result from too
E) little iodine in the diet.
79) The entire space between the pleural cavities containing only the heart, great vessels, thymus, trachea and esophagus is called the
E) mediastinum
59) Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
E) megakaryocytes
63) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?
E) often elevated in allergic individuals
61) The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of
E) proteins
65) In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in
E) red bone marrow
47) Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood? (Module 17.7D)
A) A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood
21) The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is
A) ADH
73) Which parts of the following statement are true? The cardioacceleratory center activates sympathetic neurons and the cardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic neurons.
A) Both parts of the statement are true.
43) How does a treatment with anti-Rh antibodies (RhoGAM) prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?
A) It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation
80) Compare the base of the heart with the apex. (Module 18.1B)
A) The base of the heart is the superior portion where the largest veins and arteries are attached. The apex of the heart is located on the inferior aspect of the heart
70) Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle? (Module 18.6A)
A) The left ventricle must generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circuit, whereas the right ventricle must generate only enough force to propel blood the short distance from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit
11) Describe the two types of diabetes mellitus. (Module 16.13B)
A) The two types of diabetes mellitus are type 1, characterized by inadequate insulin production; and type 2, characterized by insulin resistance.
44) The function of hemoglobin is to
A) carry oxygen
6) The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH
A) estrogen
55) Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway
A) extrinsic
2) Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause
A) gigantism
28) Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the
A) glucocorticoids
12) The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the
A) hypothalamus
37) Which specific plasma proteins would you expect to be elevated during an infection? (Module 17.2C)
A) immunoglobulins
14) Each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it
A) is a component of the hypothalamus
4) Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?
A) parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone
96) What does the circle label "5" indicate on the graph?
A) peak systolic pressure
48) Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by
A) the liver
25) When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes
B) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed
68) Does an Rh+ mother carrying an Rh- fetus require a RhoGAM injection? Explain your answer. (Module 17.8C)
B) No, she will not require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is not at risk for Rh incompatibility. The fetus is not at risk because its RBCs lack Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma lacks anti-Rh antibodies.
66) Compare pernicious anemia with iron deficiency anemia. (Module 17.11A)
B) Pernicious anemia is insufficient red blood cell production caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, whereas iron deficiency anemia is impaired hemoglobin synthesis caused by a deficiency in dietary intake or absorption of iron.
98) Define mediastinum. (Module 18.2A)
B) The mediastinum is the region between the two pleural cavities that contains the heart, along with the great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea.
19) The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of
B) angiotensin I.