Anatomy/ Physiology Chapter 2 Test Review

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane? (A) It provides a complete barrier to all fat-soluble proteins, but not water-soluble proteins. (B) It acts as a receptor to bind specific molecules arriving from outside the cell. (C) It does not allow material to be transported outside the cell. (D) It provides a complete barrier to all water-soluble proteins, but not fat-soluble proteins.

(B) It acts a receptor to bind specific molecules arriving from outside the cell

Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have?

2

________ reactions release energy.

Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound? H2O 2H H2 H+

H2

Ty is three years old and as a result of a "stomach bug" has been vomiting for about 24 hours. His blood pH is 7.48. What does this mean?

Ty's blood is slightly alkaline

A phospholipid ________. a. has both polar and nonpolar regions b. is made up of a triglyceride bonded to a phosphate group c. is a building block of ATP d. can donate both cations and anions in solution

a. has both polar and non polar regions

Uracil ________. contains nitrogen is a pyrimidine is found in RNA all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins? a. phosphate b. adenine c. amino d. ribose

amino

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is an ________.

atom

A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with ________. a. ionic bonds b. nonpolar covalent bonds c. polar covalent bonds d. hydrogen bonds

c. polar covalent bonds

Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true? Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds. Hydrogen bonds occur between two atoms of hydrogen. Bonding readily occurs between nonpolar and polar molecules. A molecule of water is unlikely to bond with an ion.

covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds

AB→A+B is a general notation for a(n) ________ reaction. anabolic endergonic decomposition exchange

decomposition

What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel?

glucose

C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________. polymer of carbohydrate pentose monosaccharide hexose monosaccharide all of the above

hexose monosaccharide

Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction? hydrogen and hydrogen hydrogen and helium helium and helium neon and helium

hydrogen and hydrogen

When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes: an anion an ion polar

ion

On the periodic table of the elements, mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59. It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant of these probably have ________. about 80 neutrons each fewer than 80 neutrons each more than 80 neutrons each more electrons than neutrons

more than 80 neutrons each

A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule?

nucleic acids

CH4 is methane. This compound is ________. inorganic organic reactive a crystal

organic

Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body's mass. These include ________

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with ________.

polar covalent bonds

The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is ________.

potential energy

The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of ________.

protons

Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that ________.

saliva contains enzymes

A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl- in solution. The substance is a(n) ________.

salt

A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a(n) ________. noble gas salt electrolyte dipole

salt

Which of the following is most likely to be found evenly distributed in water in a homogeneous solution? sodium ions and chloride ions NaCl molecules salt crystals red blood cells

sodium ions and chloride ions

The ability of an enzyme's active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as ________. selectivity specificity subjectivity specialty

specificility

Jenny mixes up a batch of pancake batter, then stirs in some chocolate chips. As she is waiting for the first few pancakes to cook, she notices the chocolate chips sinking to the bottom of the clear glass mixing bowl. The chocolate-chip batter is an example of a ________.

suspension

The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

synthesis