Anatomy with Lab: Module 8: Digestive System

The depressions in the gastric mucosa are called

Pits

The layer of the digestive tract wall indicated in the figure is the ______. muscularis mucosae serosa submucosa mucosa

Submucosa

Which are functions of the cheeks and lips? Multiple select question. Sucking Speech articulation Pushing food between the teeth for chewing Mechanical digestion

Sucking Speech articulation Pushing food between the teeth for chewing

The study of the digestive tract and the diagnosis and treatment of its disorders.

gastroenterology

The digestive organs form a continuous tube called the ________________ ___________________.

gastrointestinal tract

in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. The structure indicated by the arrow is the frenulum.

lingual

The mesentery that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach and loosely hangs over the small intestine like an apron is the_______________omentum.

Greater

What part (a cavity) of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration? Multiple choice question. Pancreas Stomach Small intestine Oral cavity

Oral cavity

The digestive system performs four main functions which are __________

1. ingestion 2. digestion (both mechanical and chemical) 3. absorption 4. elimination of wastes

The swallowing center coordinates how many muscles in the act of swallowing? Multiple choice question. 15 5 10 22

22

The submucosa is labeled letter in this figure.

A

Which letter in this figure indicates the palatopharyngeal arch? Multiple choice question. A B

A

Match each duct with its label in the figure. Cystic duct Bile duct Common hepatic duct

A matches Choice Cystic duct B matches Choice Bile duct C matches Choice Common hepatic duct

What is a lacteal?

A lymphatic capillary within a villus used for lipid absorption

What is the uvula? Multiple choice question. A projection from the posterior margin of the soft palate A median fold anchoring the tongue to the floor of the mouth A space between the lips and gums

A projection from the posterior margin of the soft palate

Which are functions of stomach acid? Multiple select question. Activates pepsin and lingual lipase Chemically digests proteins Denatures proteins Destroys pathogens

Activates pepsin and lingual lipase Denatures proteins Destroys pathogens Chemically digests proteins Reason: Stomach acid does not digest proteins. It is pepsin that helps in the process.

The enzyme salivary begins starch digestion in the mouth

Amylase

Which are found in saliva? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. Amylase Mucus Gastrin Lipase Lysozyme Water Fibrin Pepsin

Amylase Mucus Lipase Lysozyme Water

Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. The foramen through which nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth is called the foramen

Apical

The muscularis externa is indicated by which letter in this figure? A B C D

B

What are lingual papillae? Multiple choice question. Bumps on the tongue surface Structures that anchor the lips to the gums Bumps on the inner surface of the cheeks Ridges on the roof of the mouth

Bumps on the tongue surface

Match each tooth type with its description. Instructions Canines Pointed Premolars and molars Broad surfaces Incisors Chisel-like edges

Canines matches Pointed Premolars and molars matches Broad surfaces Incisors matches Chisel-like

The stomach receives sympathetic innervation from the ______. Multiple choice question. celiac trunk vagus nerve celiac ganglion hepatic ganglion

Celiac ganglion

Multiple Choice Question What is the living connective tissue covering the root of a tooth called? Multiple choice question. Enamel Dentin Cementum Pulp

Cementum Dentin Reason: Dentin is a hard yellowish tissue that forms the majority of the tooth. It is covered by other substances.

Which are found in bile? Multiple select question. Cholecystokinin Cholesterol Phospholipids Bile acids Bile enzymes Bile pigments

Cholesterol Phospholipids Bile acids Bile pigments Reason: Bile does not contain enzymes.

What is contained in bile? Multiple choice questions. Bilirubin, urobilinogen, lecithin, and secretin Chymotrypsin, trypsin, cholecystokinin, and pepsin Minerals, vitamins, glucose, and amino acids Cholesterol, pigments, bile salts, and phospholipids

Cholesterol, pigments, bile salts, and phospholipids Reason: Urobilinogen is what bilirubin is broken down to in the large intestine. Secretin is secreted by the duodenum.

Which are examples of mechanical digestion? Multiple select question. Churning of the small intestine Swallowing Enzymatic breakdown Chewing Churning of the stomach

Churning of the small intestine Chewing Churning of the stomach

Which describes a periodontal ligament? Multiple choice question. A structure extending upward into the root canal Fibers anchoring the tongue to the base of the mouth The material covering the crown of the tooth Collagen fibers that hold a tooth in place

Collagen fibers that hold a tooth in place

Bile drains from the gallbladder through which duct? Multiple choice question. Cystic Pancreatic Hepatic Splenic

Cystic

Multiple Choice Question Collectively, what are the teeth known as? Multiple choice question. Rugae Dentition Hard palate Fauces

Dentition

Which mesentery extends from the midline of the posterior abdominal wall to the digestive tract? Greater Lateral Dorsal Ventral

Dorsal Greater Reason: The greater omentum is a fold of peritoneum suspended like an apron anterior to the small intestine. Lateral Reason: Dorsal is a synonym for posterior, therefore it's the dorsal mesentery. Dorsal Ventral Reason: Ventral is another word for anterior and wouldn't be connecting from the posterior abdominal wall.

What type of salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands? Multiple choice question. Intrinsic Extrinsic

Extrinsic

Which tongue muscles originate outside of the tongue but act upon it? Lingual Extrinsic Intrinsic Superficial

Extrinsic

True or false: Enamel covers the surface of the crown and the root of each tooth.

False Reason: While enamel covers the crown, a connective tissue layer called cementum covers the root.

True or false: The stomach is innervated by parasympathetic, but not sympathetic, fibers.

False Reason: Both branches of the autonomic system innervate the stomach; the PSNS stimulates the digestive system and the SNS inhibits it. False

True or false: Blood comes into the liver via the hepatic vein and hepatic artery.

False Blood enters via the hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein.

Which hormones are produced by the digestive tract? Multiple choice question. Histamine and secretin Gastrin and secretin Pepsin and gastrin

Gastrin and secretin Histamine and secretin Reason: Histamine is a paracrine secretion. Gastrin and secretin Pepsin and gastrin Reason: Pepsin is a digestive enzyme.

Which blood vessels carry blood to the liver? Multiple select question. Hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery Central vein

Hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery

What is formed where the bile duct and pancreatic duct merge? Multiple choice question. Cystic duct Duodenal ampulla Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Which are functions of mesenteries? Multiple select question. Secrete hormones Hold abdominal viscera in place Provide passage for nerves Provide passage for blood vessels

Hold abdominal viscera in place Provide passage for nerves Provide passage for blood vessels

The median fold that attaches each lip to the gum is called the _____________frenulum.

Labial

What are the salivary glands dispersed among the oral tissues referred to as? Multiple choice question. Lingual Intrinsic Extrinsic Buccal

Intrinsic Lingual Reason: The lingual glands are specific glands within this category. Intrinsic Extrinsic Buccal Reason: The buccal glands are specific glands within this category.

Which muscles produce the subtle tongue movements needed for speech? Multiple choice question. Extrinsic muscles Intrinsic muscles

Intrinsic muscles

Which best describes the mesocolon? Multiple choice question. It suspends the stomach. It drapes in front of the small intestine. It suspends the transverse colon.

It suspends the transverse colon.

What is the median fold that attaches each lip to the gum called? Multiple choice question. Mesentery Lingual frenulum Fauces Labial frenulum

Labial frenulum Lingual frenulum Reason: The lingual frenulum attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

The bile duct is embedded in the ______ omentum. Multiple choice question. greater lesser

Lesser

Multiple Choice Question What is the median fold anchoring the underside of the tongue to the mouth floor called? Multiple choice question. Inferior labial frenulum Terminal sulcus Lingual frenulum Superior labial frenulum

Lingual frenulum

Which salivary enzyme digests fats? Multiple choice question. Lysozyme Salivary amylase Lingual lipase Mucus

Lingual lipase

Which two structures are essential for all chewing, speech, sucking, and blowing? Multiple select question. Tongue Esophagus Frenulum Lips Cheeks

Lips Cheeks Not the Tongue Reason: While the tongue is involved in chewing and speech, it is not involved in blowing.

Which two structures are essential for all chewing, speech, sucking, and blowing? Multiple select question. Esophagus Tongue Frenulum Lips Cheeks

Lips Cheeks Reason: While the tongue is involved in chewing and speech, it is not involved in blowing.

Which muscles produce the up-and-down crushing action of the teeth during mastication? Multiple choice question. Masseter and temporalis Intrinsic tongue muscles Orbicularis oris and buccinator

Masseter and temporalis

The physical breakdown of food into smaller particles is known as digestion.

Mechanical

The mesentery that runs from the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall is the .

Mesocolon

The mesentery that runs from the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall is the____________.

Mesocolon

The outermost layer of the mucosa, but not the wall of the tract.

Muscularis externa

Which muscle layer found is between the mucosa and submucosa of the digestive tract wall? Muscularis mucosae Muscularis externa Muscularis interna

Muscularis mucosae

Retroperitoneal is best described as being located ______ the peritoneal cavity. Multiple choice question. ventral to superior to outside within

Outside

Which is the most anterior muscle arch? Multiple choice question. Palatoglossal arch Palatopharyngeal arch

Palatoglossal arch

Which arch is indicated by the arrow? Multiple choice question. Palatopharyngeal Palatoglossal

Palatopharyngeal

Which duct joins with the bile duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla? Multiple choice question. Accessory pancreatic duct Hepatic duct Cystic duct Reason: Pancreatic duct

Pancreatic Duct Accessory pancreatic duct Reason: The accessory pancreatic duct branches from the main pancreatic duct and opens into the duodenum independently. Hepatic duct Reason: The right and left hepatic ducts transport bile from the liver, converging into the common hepatic duct. Cystic duct Reason: The cystic duct comes from the gallbladder and unites with the common hepatic duct to form the bile duct. Pancreatic duct

,Which salivary gland is located just beneath the skin anterior to the earlobe? Multiple choice question. Parotid Buccal Sublingual Submandibular

Parotid

The of a tooth is comprised of loose connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

Pulp

The pulp of a tooth is found within the cavity.

Pulp

What is the root canal of a tooth filled with? Multiple choice question. Pulp Enamel Dentin Cementum

Pulp

What is the hollow cavity within the crown of a tooth called? Multiple choice question. Pulp cusp Root canal Pulp cavity Gingival sulcus

Pulp cavity

Multiple Choice Question A structure that is located against the posterior body wall and only covered with peritoneum on its anterior side is said to be what? Multiple choice question. Posterio-periotoneal Retroperitoneal Exoperitoneal Intraperitoneal

Retroperitoneal Reason: Intraperitoneal would identify something that is inside the peritoneum, but covered by it.

Lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, mucus, electrolytes and water are all found in which of the following? Multiple choice question. Saliva Pancreatic juice Bile Gastric juice

Saliva

Which two hormones are produced by the digestive tract? Multiple select question. Pepsin Secretin Histamine Gastrin

Secretin Gastrin Pepsin Reason: Pepsin is not a hormone; it is a digestive enzyme. Histamine Reason: Histamine is a paracrine secretion.

What is the outermost layer of the digestive tract wall? Multiple choice question. Submucosa Muscularis mucosae Mucosa Serosa Muscularis externa

Serosa

What are mesenteries? Multiple choice question. Series of blood vessels that drain the intestines, stomach, and spleen Sheets of connective tissue that suspend the intestines in the abdomen Strips of muscle running longitudinally along the large intestine

Sheets of connective tissue that suspend the intestines in the abdomen

Multiple Choice Question Which reflexes that utilize the myenteric nerve plexus to control digestive activity? Multiple choice question. Intermediate Long Short

Short

What duct drains bile from the liver?

The common hepatic duct drains bile from the liver.

Multiple Choice Question What is ingestion? Multiple choice question. The elimination of feces The uptake of nutrients from gut into blood or lymph The selective intake of food A condition caused by stomach acid irritating

The selective intake of food

What is gastroenterology? Multiple choice question. The study of the intestines The study of the digestive tract The study of the liver The study of the stomach

The study of the digestive tract

Multiple Choice Question Which is true of the long reflexes that aid in regulation of the digestive tract? Multiple choice question. They use the myenteric plexuses. They affect functioning of nearby regions of the alimentary canal. They use the vagus nerves and brainstem.

They use the vagus nerves and brainstem.

True or false: The anterior two-thirds of the tongue is called the body.

True Reason: The anterior portion is the body and the posterior portion is the root.

Which muscular structure remains closed when food is not being swallowed in order to exclude air from the esophagus? Multiple choice question. Cardiac sphincter Upper esophageal sphincter Lower esophageal sphincter

Upper esophageal sphincter Reason: The upper esophageal sphincter prevents air from entering into the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter or the cardiac sphincter prevents contents of the stomach from entering back into the esophagus.

What is the conical projection that extends from posterior margin of the soft palate called? Multiple choice question. Frenulum Papilla Uvula Epiglottis

Uvula

The blind tube at the end of the cecum, filled with lymphocytes and immune cells, is the vBlank 1Blank 1 v , Incorrect Unavailable.

appendix

The uptake of nutrient molecules is known as

absorption

The primary bile pigment is

bilirubin

Multiple Choice Question Another name for the oral cavity is the ______ cavity. Multiple choice question. mental buccal frontal pharyngeal

buccal

The consolidation of indigestible residue into feces is ______. Multiple choice question. defecation compaction absorption digestion

compaction

The portion of a tooth that is above the gum is known as the ______ of the tooth. Multiple choice question. enamel .root crown

crown Reason: Enamel is the white coating of the entire tooth. Reason: Just as a plant root is typically "rooted" in the ground, the root of a tooth is found "rooted" in the jaw. Extending above the gum is the crown.

The structure indicated in the figure is the duct.

cystic

Another name for the act of swallowing is

deglutition

Collectively, the teeth are known as the

dentition

What is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food called? Ingestion Compaction Digestion Absorption

digestion

Consists of specialized organs and glands that process food and supply nutrients to body cells.

digestive system

Is the organ system that processes food, extracts nutrients from it, and eliminates the residue.

digestive system

The fold of tissue at the termination of the hepatopancreatic ampulla is the major papilla.

duodenal

The glands that secrete bicarbonate-rich mucus into the duodenum are called submucosal glands.

duodenal

The hard noncellular substance that covers the crown of a tooth is ______. Multiple choice question. enamel dentin

enamel dentin Reason: Dentin is a living connective tissue with cells.

The _____________ nervous system is comprised of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses.

enteric

The pharynx connects the oral cavity to the ______ and the nasal cavity to the ______. Multiple choice question. esophagus, trachea larynx, esophagus esophagus, larynx larynx, trachea

esophagus, larynx

The study of the digestive tract and the diagnosis and treatment of its disorders is called

gastroenterology

Bilirubin is derived from the decomposition of ______. Multiple choice question. urobilinogen hemoglobin calcium erythropoietin

hemoglobin

Within a hepatic lobule, blood flows through the sinusoids from the ______ to the ______. Multiple choice question. hepatic triads, central vein central vein, hepatic triads

hepatic triads, central vein Reason: The blood travels from the triads to the central vein.

The source of the ions in stomach acid is the dissociation of carbonic acid within parietal cells.

hydrogen

Of the four tissue layers lining the lumen of the alimentary canal, the innermost tissue layer is called the ______. Multiple choice question. lamina propria serosa muscularis mucosae mucosa

mucosa

Text Alternative Fill in the Blank Question Fill in the blank question. The histological layer of smooth muscle indicated in the figure is the externa

muscularis

Within alveoli, collagen fibers called the ligament penetrate the bone on one side and the tooth on the other side.

periodontal

When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth directly into the before reaching the esophagus.

pharynx

The layer of the digestive tract wall indicated in the figure is the .

serosa