Ancient Civilizations: Chapters: 8 and 9

This Greek city - state had a powerful navy, and defeated the Persian navy at the Battle of Salamis.

Athens

____________ was the leader of a powerful alliance of Greek city - states after the Persian Wars.

Athens

The Greeks defeated the invading Persian army in this battle due to their better weapons and armor.

Battle of Marathon

He is known as the father of democracy.

Cleisthenes

He was the founder of the Persian Empire

Cyrus the Great

He created a set of very harsh laws for Athens.

Draco

In building his empire, Alexander the Great conquered Persia, India, and China.

False; He conquered Persia, Egypt, and part of India.

Winners of the Persian Wars.

Greece

____________________________________ was a great medical scholar and developed ideas about how doctors should behave.

Hippocrates

These 10,000 soldiers, chosen for their bravery and skill, made up the heart of the Persian army.

Immortals

Democracy in Athens came to an end after these people conquered Greece.

Macedonians

What were the two earliest cultural groups to develop in Greece?

Minoans and Mycenaeans

The most impressive Greek building was the _______________in Athens.

Parthenon

The _________________________ began when Sparta declared war on Athens.

Peloponnesian War

_________________ created a school called the Academy to which students, philosophers, and scientists could come to discuss ideas.

Plato

More than 1,700 miles long, its creation allowed Persian messengers to travel quickly throughout the empire,

Royal Road

Most poets were men, but the most famous lyric poet was a women named ___________.

Sappho

______________ wanted to make people think and question their own beliefs.

Socrates

This city - state had their strongest army in Greece, and joined other Greek cities to fight Persia.

Sparta

Around what feature was a Greek polis usually built?

fortress

A poem that is set to music is called a _______________________.

lyric poem

Euclid is considered one of the greatest ___________________________ in all of world history.

mathematician

Spartans believed that _____________________________ was the way to provide security and protection for their city.

military power

The Ancient Greeks created great _______________ and works of literature that influence the way we speak and write today.

myths

Many Greek myths were told in order to explain ______________________ and historical events.

natural events

This term means "government by the few".

oligarchy

The fighting between the Greek city - states in the years after the Peloponnesian War left Greece open to attack from _________________.

outsiders

On what type of landform is mainland Greece located?

peninsula

This term describes the government of the United States.

representative democracy

These officials collected taxes, served as judges, and put down rebellions within their territories.

satraps

Boys in Sparta were trained to be disciplined and obedient __________________.

soldiers

Greek ______________ look as if they could come to life at any moment.

statues

Why were the seas important to the early Greeks?

they provided trade routes

Greek paintings were often painted on _____________________, and are admired for their realism.

vases

Archimedes, a great Greek inventor, created the _______________to help bring water from a lower level to a higher one.

water screw

This is the city where democracy was born.

Athens

Two of the greatest city - states in Greece were Sparta and _________________.

Athens

Known as the kings of kings, he reorganized and strengthened the Persian Empire.

Darius I

After the death of Alexander the Great, his infant son inherited the large empire.

False: It was divided among those of Alexander's generals.

King Philip was murdered in 336 BC and control of Greece passed on to his daughter.

False; Rule passed to his son, Alexander the Great

One of the most famous Greek heroes was ________________, who fought and defeated the hydra.

Hercules

Homer's epic poem, the _________________, tells the story of the final years of the Trojan War and the hero Achilles.

Iliad

This leader encouraged the people of his city to participate in government.

Pericles

In 415 BC, both the army and navy of Athens were badly damaged when they were defeated on the island of ________________.

Sicily

____________________________ was one of the greatest Greek historians.

Thucydides

Alexander the Great was only 20 years old when he began to rule.

True

This term is Greek for "rule of the people".

democracy

Most men in Athens became ________________ or skilled craftsmen.

farmers

The Greeks enjoyed telling stories of _________________ who had special abilities and often faced terrible monsters.

heroes

Aristotle believed that people should use _______________ to govern their lives.

reason

Why did the Greeks create colonies?

they wanted to become rich from trade

Unlike Sparta, Athenian ______________ had almost no rights at all.

women

Greek mythology and literature has influenced many English ________________ and expressions.

words

____________ is known as the king of the Greek Gods.

Zeus

The chief religion of the Persian Empitre, it taught that two forces fight for control of the universe.

Zoroastrianism

Greek fables often feature __________________ as main characters.

animals

While Athens had a powerful navy, Sparta had a strong ___________________.

army

This meeting was an opportunity for all citizens to debate and vote on laws.

assembly

In Greece, free men who had the right to participate in government were known as this.

citizens

In the 300's BC, Macedonia easily defeated the Greek city - states.

True