ANSC 3010 all quizzes

which part of the chicken's GI tract functions as the true stomach and produces HCL

Proventriculus

Energy requirement for broilers is ___

3200 kcal/kg

Before the breeding season, a bull's body condition should be around ___ because of the increased activity for breeding

5 to 6

What body condition score is considered an "ideal" yearly average for beef cows?

5 to 6

Which mineral may be added in high concentrations to poultry diets to increase growth rates but may be toxic to ruminants?

copper

Which 2 minerals are added to swine diets at levels above requirements as growth promotants?

copper and zinc

What disease has been observed in dogs consuming grain free dog food (story on NBC news discussed it)?

dilated cardiac myopathy (DCM)

True or False: If given a choice, goats will choose alfalfa over ryegrass

true

Which of the following is used as a marker in animal nutrition trials to aid in determining digestibility? a. chromic oxide b. cobalt c. all of these can be used as markers d. Ytterbium Feedback

C. all of these can be used as markers

Which of the following is an advantage of ruminants? a. Synthesize microbial protein from non protein nitrogen b. Convert high quality protein to microbial protein c. Heat production during fermentation d. all of these are correct Feedback

A. synthesize microbial protein from non protein nitrogen

Which of the following is a source of rumen undegradable protein that can be used in ruminant diets? a. canola meal b. fish meal c. soybean meal d. cottonseed meal

B. fish meal

Which of the following is not a volatile fatty acid that can provide energy to ruminants? a. propionic acid b. lactic acid c. acetic acid d. butyric acid

B. lactic acid

Which of the following grains would be best for use in pellets? a. rice b. wheat c. corn d. milo

B. wheat

T/F Microbial crude protein meets 100% of the tissue amino acid requirements for milk production in high producing dairy cows, so no RUP (rumen undegradable protein) is needed in their diets.

False

Feedlot nutrition utilizes a series of rations ranging from the receiving diet to the Finisher. Which of these has the highest % roughage and lowest % concentrate? a. Receiving diet b. mid phase diet c. finishing diet

a. receiving diet

What part of the ruminant stomach functions as the true stomach and produces HCl?

abomasum

Polaxalene is added to feed to prevent

bloat

Unlike other mammals, Cats cannot convert tryptophan to which vitamin?

niacin

Paylean and Optaflexx are beta adrenergic agonists that are legal for finishing swine and beef cattle, respectively. What is the actual repartitioning agent in these products?

ractopamine

Ionophores are antibiotics, but a VFD statement not necessary when using them in animal feed.

true

A deficiency of selenium in sheep is associated with which disease?

white muscle disease

Inorganic minerals are estimated by the __??___ value, which is determined by burning a feed sample at a temperature of 350°C to 600°C until nothing is left but metallic oxides or contaminants such as rocks and soil

ash

Forage intake (as a % of the animal's body weight) as well as when to feed a supplement is affected by the forage ____ content?

protein

Forage preserved by anaerobic fermentation in a silo.

silage

True or False: Reproduction is the single most important factor affecting production, and 70 to 80% of reproductive failures are due to nutritional deficiencies.

true

Ionophores can prevent this disease, caused by protozoa, that affects calves? (DW did research with this!)

coccidiosis

True or False: It important to not include a high level of soybean meal in Phase I nursery pig diets because they do not digest plant based protein very well at this age.

true

True or False: Split sex feeding is important because gilts are leaner and more efficient than barrows.

true

%_______ = 100 - %(water+CP+EE+ash+CF)

NFE

__?____ = sum of digestible energy yielding constituents

TDN

There's a "rule of thumb" we use to determine when we can wean the calf. This rule states that the calf should be consuming at least _______ pounds of calf starter per day for 3 consecutive days.

1.5 pounds

A feedstuff contains 2% Nitrogen. What is its percent crude protein?

12.50%

A late lactation cow should have a ration with what % CP?

15 to 16%

At what age are are young pigs typically weaned?

18-21 days

As a "rule of thumb", a feed additive should return a minimum of _______ dollars or more for each dollar invested.

2

The ideal body condition score for a dairy cow at drying off should be:

3.5 to 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Proximate Analysis? a. crude fiber b. acid detergent fiber c. crude protein d. ether extract

B. acid detergent fiber

Some protein sources can be treated to make them less degradable in the rumen. Which of the following is a method of protecting feed proteins from excessive rumen degradation? a. coating with fat b. All of these can protect the feed protein from excessive rumen degradation c. heat treatment d. treatment with tannins

B. all of these can protect protein from excessive rumen degradation

Warm season grass and is the most extensively produced hay crop in the South

Bermuda grass

T/F Energy is one of the classes of nutrients

False

T/F Feed additives are nutrients that can be beneficial to the health and metabolism of animals.

False

T/F Least cost diet formulation always ensures the highest quality ingredients for livestock.

False

These methods are becoming more common and are replacing the CF procedure because they more accurately define the carbohydrate components associated with plant materials.

NDF and ADF

Which fat soluble vitamin is synthesized in the rumen?

Vitamin K

Which of the following is not considered to be a macromineral? a. iodine b. potassium c. calcium d. phosphorus

a. iodine

Which fiber component is most closely related to digestibility?

acid detergent fiber

This "first feed" provides the calf with a. protein b. all of the above c. antibodies d. energy

b. all of the above

In selecting a milk replacer for young calves, which of the following are the best sources of fat and protein?

b. animal fats (lard, tallow, grease) skim milk, and whey

Since consumers prefer dark yellow egg yolks and yellow chicken skin, xanthophylls are often fed in poultry diets. Which of the following would not be a source of xanthophylls? a. marigold petal meal b. milo (sorghum grain) c. corn d. pumpkin

b. milo (sorghum grain)

Corn is the major cereal grain fed to pigs and poultry. However, other cereal grains may be used. Which cereal grain contains β-glucans and may cause digestibility problems?

barley

Which of the following is a pellet binder used in livestock feeds?

bentonite

paylean is a _____

beta adrenergic agonist

___________ is a condition that can be caused by feeding alfalfa or clover because of the rapidly fermentable carbohydrates and soluble proteins that can form stable foams.

bloat

Intake of which feed is most important for stimulating rumen development in the calf?

calf starter

On average, 60 to 70% of commercial poultry diets consists of which type of feedstuff?

cereal grains

First and most important feed given to newborn calf is

colostrum

Type of grazing management system in which a pasture is stocked with animals at all times.

continuous grazing

______ is estimated by a procedure called the Kjeldahl method.

crude protein

Several protein sources for pigs were discussed in class. One by product feed mentioned is high in fiber, and too much in the diet can lead to soft carcasses due to its high content of saturated fat. Which protein source is this?

distillers grains

When is fat commonly added to the diets of dairy cattle? a. Early lactation b. late lactation c. During heat stress d. Close up dry period e. A and C f. you should never add fat to a dairy cow's diet, it is toxic to microbes

e. A and c

The type of feed a calf eats is important for rumen papillae development because of the production of which volatile fatty acids? a. acetic acid b. propionic acid c. butyric acid d. A and B e. B and C f. all 3 VFA are equally important

e. B and C

The ____?___ content of a feed is obtained by using an Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter.

energy

A processing method in which ingredients are first ground and mixed, then cooked with moist heat to a high temperature. The resulting mash is then pushed through a die to shape it, and starch molecules explode into nugget shape.

extrusion

Which mineral is always deficient in baby pigs and therefore they have to be given injections of this mineral?

iron

Fats are routinely added to poultry diets. To which type of poultry are minimal amounts of fat added to their diets?

layers

As a grass or legume matures,___________ content increases, reducing digestibility (the answer is a component of the plant cell wall). Feedback

lignin

If a specific amino acid required to synthesize a protein is not available, the protein cannot be synthesized. This is referred to as the ________________ amino acid.

limiting

Two essential fatty acids required by animals are:

linoleic and linolenic acid

In swine diets, which amino acid is usually the first limiting, and all other amino acids are given as ratios to this amino acid?

lysine

Reaction between free amino group of side chain of lysine with a reducing sugar and forms brown, undigestible polymers. This reaction may reduce protein and amino acid bioavailability

maillard

Which of the following can be used to make egg yolks a nice dark yellow to orange color to increase consumer acceptance and possibly for pasta making in Italy?

marigold petal meal

___ is a protein feed derived from slaughterhouse waste, is high in collagen, and is of concern because of "mad cow" disease.

meat meal

The only hormone-like product permitted as feed additive in U.S is

melengesterol acetate

Ionophores decrease the production of which gas?

methane

What is the most limiting amino acid for poultry fed corn/SBM diets?

methionine

______ is the first limiting amino acid in grain legumes.

methionine

One of the ionophores discussed in class is approved for calves and heifers, while another ionophore discussed in class is approved for lactating dairy cows as well as young cattle. Which ionophore is approved for both lactating and non-lactating dairy cattle?

monensin (rumensin)

Ionophores which aid in the prevention of coccidiosis and also improve gain and feed efficiency in calves are _?_

monensin and lasalocid

In feeding swine, we must pay particular attention to one macromineral because it binds to phytase. Which mineral is this?

phosphorus

Phytic acid is a compound found in soybeans that interferes with the absorption of which 2 minerals?

phosphorus and zinc

Short polymers of fructose, mannose & galactose that may modify gut microbes and stimulate the intestinal immune system by keeping pathogenic bacteria from binding to intestinal mucosa

prebiotics

Feed addtives that may benefit the host animal by improving its gastrointestinal microbial balance and are often called a "Natural alternative to antibiotics"

probiotics

Ionophores are commonly used feed additives in beef and dairy cattle diets. We discussed many benefits of ionophores! In the rumen, ionophores favor the production of which volatile fatty acid?

propionic acid

A type of grazing management system in which pastures are divided into smaller paddocks and animals are only allowed access to one paddock at a time

rotational grazing

Cool season grass grown extensively throughout Louisiana as forage crop and is widely used for beef and dairy cattle.

ryegrass

Which of the following is a commonly used buffer in dairy cattle diets?

sodium bicarbonate

_____ is the most important protein supplement for livestock feeding in US (and many other countries).

soybean meal

The two polysaccharides found in plants in the highest concentrations are:

starch and cellulose

Fine grinding of grain in swine diets can result in

stomach ulcers

Red and yellow carotenoid pigments used in the poultry industry as pigmentation agents for eggs, skin and shanks.

xanthophyll

Non starch polysaccharides in feeds such as barley and wheat can cause problems in poultry, including poor growth, sticky droppings, and footpad dermatitis. Which enzyme can be added to the diet to prevent these problems?

xylanase

A direct fed microbial that consists of a live culture of a fungi and the media on which it was grown and dried

yeast culture

Zilmax is also a beta agonist used in beef cattle. It was a topic of controversy a few years ago, and Tyson and Cargill would not accept cattle that were fed Zilmax. What is the repartitioning agent in Zilmax?

zilpaterol hydrochloride

Lactating dairy cows should drink how many gallons of water per pound of milk produced?

1/2

______ is an Anti-nutritive factor contained in raw soybeans, and therefore they must be heated to destroy this

trypsin inhibitor

What is the most common source of non-protein nitrogen for ruminants?

urea

Because avian species lack the full complement of enzymes for completing the urea cycle, excess nitrogen is excreted as

uric acid

A Ca:P ratio of less than 2 to 1 will lead to which disorder (which most often results in death of the lamb)?

urinary calculi

Cats need a preformed source of which fat-soluble vitamin because they cannot convert beta-carotene and other carotenoids to it?

vitamin A

Deprivation of _?_for 12 - 36 hr has the most adverse effects on young poultry & egg production.

water

Major pasture legume in North America, Europe, New Zealand, parts of Australia and South America; quite resistant to grazing pressure.

white clover

True or False: Calves should be eating plenty of hay by the time they are 3 weeks old.

false

True or False: Feeding hay is always the best option when summer pasture is short.

false

True or False: Protein tubs are just an expensive way for lazy dudes to supplement cows. Mature cows don't need much protein in their diet anyway.

false

True or False: The goal of nutrition in beef cattle production to maximize efficiency and profit with maximum amounts of input.

false

Repartitioning agents repartition nutrients from ______ to ________ synthesis

fat to protein

Dr. Williams decides to see if Chic Fil-A chicken nuggets in dairy cow diets will improve milk production. What type of assessment method is she using if she is measuring nugget intake and pounds of milk produced?

feeding trial

Cool season grass often infected with endophyte fungus that produces ergot alkaloids. May cause problems in cattle.

fescue

What do the initials GRAS stand for?

generally recognized as safe

Cottonseed meal contains a toxin that remains in the meal after oil extraction. What is this toxin?

gossypol

While yellow egg yolks are desirable, be careful with the cottonseed meal. If fed in too high amounts, too much could cause green egg yolks. What is the compound in cottonseed meal that will cause this?

gossypol

Magnesium deficiency associated with grazing management

grass tetany

In early lactation, cows can't eat enough to meet their nutrient needs for production. We typically say that these cows are in

negative energy balance

________ is known as the "queen of the forages".

alfalfa

Cats have a unique requirement for this fatty acid because they can't synthesize it like other mammals can

arachidonic

How much water does the average beef cow drink?

1.2 gallon per pound of dry matter intake

What is the typical roughage to concentrate ratio of the final phase of the finishing diet?

10:90

One body condition score in a mature dairy cow equals about how many pounds of body weight?

120

Replacement heifers should be developed to attain 55 to 65% of their mature weight and be bred at what age?

15 months

What percent of dogs actually have a sensitivity to corn?

< 1%

Microbial fermentation in the dog's intestine produces all of the following EXCEPT a. Vitamin D b. Butyric acid c. Vitamin K d. B vitamins e. Acetic acid f. Propionic acid

a. vitamin D

When should rams be given grain supplementation and why?

about 30 days before breeding to get them in good body condition

When a lactating dairy cow is at peak milk production, it is very difficult to meet her nutrient demands. However, it is very important to make sure she has adequate fiber in her diet. Which VFA, produced from the fermentation of forages, is the precursor for milk fat synthesis?

acetate acid

It is important to gradually shift the ruminal microbial population from the predominantly cellulose digesting organisms that thrive at a ruminal pH >6 to predominately starch digesting organisms that thrive at a pH<6. Which metabolic disorder might occur if too much concentrate is fed too quickly?

acidosis

Dogs have a physiological requirement for the Essential Fatty Acids (EFA). Which of the following is NOT one of these EFAs? a. arachidonic b. propionic c. alpha-linolenic d. all of these are essential fatty acids e. linoleic

b. propionic

2 warm season grasses used in beef cattle production (of course, these can be used for dairy, small ruminants and horses too!

bahia grass and bermuda grass

Many people believe that feeding raw eggs to dogs will make their coat shiny, but this really isn't a good idea. What problem can occur from feeding raw eggs?

biotin deficiency

Which of the following is most limiting for wool growth? a. Rumen degradable protein b. Rumen undegradable protein c. energy d. methionine

c. energy

You have an orphan lamb to raise, and Dr. Williams offers you some of her extra calf milk replacer to help you save some money. Why should you graciously decline her offer and not use this free milk replacer?

calf milk replacer is too low in fat

Which animal would have more chicken, beef, or lamb in the diet because of higher protein requirements?

cat

Beef cattle production in Louisiana is primarily a

cow-calf forage based system

_____ is the practice of providing supplemental feed (grain or forage) to nursing calves.

creep feeding

Creep feeding beef cattle can be economical or not, but it depends on many factors. Which of the following is an example of when it is economical to creep feed? a. Calf prices are high relative to feed prices b. Milk production is limited c. Forage for cows is limited d. all of these

d. all of these

Decrease in dry matter intake and milk production in early lactation are signs of this disorder which often requires surgery to correct?

displaced abomasum

For thin, lactating, non-cycling cows, _____ can provide an effective way to drastically reduce cow nutrient requirements and also induce estrus.

early weaning

Proliferation of Clostridium perfringens in the intestine caused by grain overload in sheep and goats is called

enterotoxemia

Forage that has been stored at 15% moisture or less

hay

This metabolic disorder occurs in dairy cattle when body fat or dietary fat is metabolized faster than tissues can oxidize it for energy. This usually occurs very early in lactation when cows can't eat enough to meet their demands for milk production.

ketosis

you have a small flock of sheep. One day in late winter, one of your largest ewes became weak and incoordinated, and went down in a comalike condition. She was in her last trimester of gestation. Her breath had a sweetish, nail polish remover smell. Despite receiving several injections of antibiotics, the ewe died. She was one of your best ewes, having had twins for 3 years in a row. What did this ewe die of?

ketosis

When does a ewe have the highest nutrient requirements?

lactation

The most critical period of the year for the ewe flock in terms of nutrition is

late gestation

The energy requirement for dogs and cats is based on which type of body weight calculated as BW0.75?

metabolic

In the lactation cycle of the dairy cow, after calving which peaks first?

milk production

Liquid feeds and tubs are 2 of the commonly used supplements. Which 2 feed ingredients are most commonly used in these supplements?

molasses and urea

Deficiencies of vitamin E and selenium have been associated with which disorder in dairy cattle?

retained placenta

____is the cool season grass utilized heavily for beef cattle in Louisiana (and much of the Southeast US).

ryegrass

____ operations grow weaned calves (7-8 months of age weighing 400-600 lbs.) to suitable feeder weights (700-900 lbs.) utilizing forage based diets.

stocker