ANSC 4043 Quizzes

Testosterone is a steroid

True

The pancreas has endocrine and exocrine tissue

True

GI hormone secreted un the small intestine and function in gall bladder contraction, pancreatic enzyme secretion, inhibition of gastric emptying, and may also be a satiety hormone:

Cholecystokinin

Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme that converts:

ATP to cAMP

Which hormone is responsible for the effects of FH in mammary growth and in lactation?

IGF-1

Cells in the adenohypophysis that secrete prolactin

Lactotropes

Which cells in the parathyroid gland produce calcitonin?

None

The insulin receptor has which type of receptor structure?

Tetraheterodimer

Surgical removal of the pituitary gland

Hypophysectomy

The adrenal medulla makes up what % of the adrenal gland mass?

10%

The catecholamine hormones have a very short half-life compared to glucocorticoid hormones. What is the half-life of each of the catecholamine hormones?

2 minutes

Which thyroid hormone is produced in the greatest amounts in the thyroid gland?

3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4)

Which thyroid hormone is most biologically active?

3,5,3'-triiodothryonine (T3)

How may parathyroid glands does a horse have?

4

Normal blood calcium concentrations should be:

9-11 mg/dL

Catecholamine hormones can bind to alpha or beta receptors, and the action of the hormone can vary depending on the receptor type it binds. In cardiac muscle, which type of receptor mediates an increase in force and rate of contractions?

Beta

Paylean (ractopamine hydrochloride) is a partitioning agent used in the swine industry to promote lean gain. What type of compound is Paylean?

Beta adrenergic agonist

If blood calcium gets very high, like after binging on cheese and yogurt, which hormone is released to cause bone resorption to stop?

Calcitonin

The mammary gland has receptors for GH, and that's why recombinant bovine somatotropin can increase milk production by as much as 15%

False

What is the spherical structure that is the basic functional unit of the thyroid gland?

Follicle

A chemical substance secreted by cells of endocrine glands and tissues that regulates activity of other cells in the body is a ____.

Hormone

Which enzyme converts N-acetylserotonin to melatonin?

Hydroxyindole - O - methyltransferase

Which thyroid disorder is characterized by weight loss, polyphagia, nervousness, and a whole bunch of other things?

Hyperthyroidism

The main physiological factor that stimulates the release of catecholamine hormone is

Hypoglycemia

Which pancreatic hormone can be considered a growth hormone because of its role in glucose uptake and amino acid uptake?

Insulin

Growth Hormone regulated growth indirectly through another hormone, produced in the liver What is this hormone?

Insulin like growth factor - I (IGF-1)

GI "candidate" hormone named for its ability to stimulate gastric motor activity and function mainly to increase GI motility

Motilin

When the production of one hormone causes the production of another hormone to decrease, this is called ____ feedback.

Negative

If blood calcium drops to lower than normal, which hormone will be secreted to cause bone mineral to be "chewed up" to release calcium?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Which region, or secretion, of the adenohypophysis is present and functional in the horse but not in humans?

Pars intermedia

Diacyl glycerol (DG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) are messenger components of which second messenger systems?

Phospholipid derivatives

In which endocrine gland is melatonin produced?

Pineal gland

A major endocrine organ located immediately below the brain. Produced a large number of protein and peptide hormones. "Master gland"

Pituitary gland

During lactogenesis, this hormone stimulates maturation of the Golgi apparatus and also stimulate secretes of alpha-lactalbumin. It is inhibited by progesterone.

Prolactin

Which hormone, which shares a common ancestral gene with GH, is essential for ductile branching to form fully developed mammary glands and also stimulates milk production after parturition?

Prolactin

Growth hormone _________.

Promotes long bone growth during the formative years

Growth hormone is an example of which chemical class of hormone?

Protein/peptide

In the first critical experiment demonstrating existence of a hormone, which hormone was discovered by Bayliss and Starling?

Secretin

Which 2 GI hormones act synergistically, through different second messenger systems, to increase pancreatic and enzyme secretion?

Secretin and CCK

Which of the following is not a zone of the adrenal cortex?

The ozone layer

Which amino acid is needed for synthesis of thyroid hormone?

Tyrosine

The word hormone comes from a Greek word meaning

"I stir up or stimulate"

Cells in the adenohypophysis that secrete TSH

Thyrotropes

An increase in which 2 hormones stimulates myometrial contractions for parturition?

Estrogen and PGF 2 alpha

Parturition begins with the fetus. Which hormone is released in response to the fetus reaching limited uterine space?

ACTH

Which peptide of the adenohypophysis stimulates the release of corticosteroids from the adrenal gland?

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Hormone produced by fetal cells that invade the mare's endometrium (endometrial cup cells) around day 35 of pregnancy.

Chorionic Gonadotropin

Major hormone produced by the pig embryos that is involved in their signaling the sow that she is pregnant.

Estrogen

Regulatory proteins that are components of transduction of signals are called:

G proteins

Protein produced by the ruminant conceptus (embryo) that is involved in signaling the cow or ewe that she is pregnant.

Interferon tau

Which of the following animal species in NOT dependent on the CL to maintain pregnancy right up until parturition?

Mare

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare is dependent on

None of these are correct

As parturition begins, removal of the progesterone block allows which hormone to bind receptors on the uterus?

Oxytocin

To induce parturition in mares, which of the following should be used?

Oxytocin

Polypeptide hormone produced by CL and placenta that is important for helping the uterus to stretch, for expansion of the pelvis and dilation of the cervix.

Relaxin

Where is ghrelin primarily produced?

Stomach

Growth factor that promotes GI mucosal growth and may improve plant growth through saliva of the grazing animals.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

What are the 2 catecholamine hormones?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which growth factor is produced in the kidney, and absence of it can result in anemia?

Erythropoietin

These 2 hormones from the adenohypophysis work together to ensure normal functioning of the ovaries and testes.

FSH and LH

The thyroid gland is unique in that it accumulates large quantities of a certain mineral and combines it into hormones. Which mineral is it?

Iodine

Region of the brain that controls an immense number of bodily functions. It is located in the middle of the base of the brain, and it encapsulates the ventral portion of the 3rd ventricle.

Hypothalamus

In the chemical integration of the body, which two systems work together to control many physiological processes (such as milk letdown in dairy cows or ovulation in rabbits)?

Nervous and endocrine

Cells in the neurohypophysis that secrete LH and FSH

None of the above - Gonadotropes are in adenohypophysis

Even though spinach is high in calcium, it is not the best source to meet daily requirements. What compound is high in spinach and blocks the absorption of calcium?

Oxalic acid

Hormone that causes milk letdown and ejection (smooth muscle contraction)

Oxytocin

Bone cells which function to destroy bone mineral are called

Osteoclasts

Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults is called

Acromegaly

What is the major hyposecretory disorder of the adrenal cortex, characterized by hypoglycemia, weight loss, and hypotension?

Addison's disease

Glandular portion of the pituitary gland is the

Adenohypophysis

The RAS system is the main regulatory system for which corticosteroid?

Aldosterone

In this type of growth, the mammary gland is growing at a faster rate than the rest of the body

Allometric

What is the hormone secreted by heart when blood pressure increases?

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

All domestic animals, except 1, have paired adrenal glands. Which animal has clusters of intermixed cortical and medullary tissue in close proximity to kidneys.

Birds

Hormones of the adrenal medulla and cortex are both involved in providing resistance to stress. Some of the actions are similar, while others differ. Which hormones are involved in the g=fight or flight response?

Catecholamines

Which cells the parathyroid gland secrete PTH?

Chief cells

What is the parent structure for all steroid hormones?

Cholesterol

What is the name of the cells producing hormones in the adrenal medulla?

Chromaffin cells

Melatonin is believed to inhibit reproduction by stimulating _______ in the hypothalamus, which inhibits ________ from the adenohypophysis.

Dopamine, prolactin

Which is an action in which the hormone is distributed in the blood and binds to a distant target cell?

Endocrine

The 2 hormones that are elevated together as pregnancy advances and cause full lobular alveolar growth

Estrogen and progesterone

Recombinant bovine growth hormone is widely used un the dairy industry to increase milk production.

False

GI hormone secreted in the stomach and function to stimulate HCl from parietal cells:

Gastrin

Hormone from pancreas that is released when blood glucose is very low

Glucagon

Of the 3 classes of corticosteroids synthesized in adrenal cortex, which class is primarily involved in glucose homeostasis

Glucocorticoids

What is the primary metabolic effect of glucocorticoids during stressful situations?

Gluconeogenesis

Which pituitary hormone is stimulated by ghrelin?

Growth Hormone

Hormone from pancreas that is released when blood glucose is elevated (like after a meal)

Insulin

We know that PTH and calcitonin have action in bone, what other 2 tissues in the body do these hormones affect for calcium regulation?

Kidney and intestine

A number of reports have documented a syndrome of water and sodium retention coupled with low plasma concentrations of potassium in individuals that ingested an excessive amount of a certain type of candy. What candy is it?

Licorice

In the contra-insulin effect during pregnancy, the female becomes less sensitive to insulin. Which "growth hormone" causes this effect.

Placental lactogen

Which hormone is produced inly during pregnancy and whose major role is to stimulate the development of the mammary gland during pregnancy without causing milk secretion during pregnancy?

Placental lactogen

The _____ system is a system of blood vessels in the brain that connects the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary

Portal

Molecular components of cells that provide specificity for hormone-cell interaction

Receptors

In the first recorded endocrine experiment, Berthold worked with what type of animals?

Roosters

Binding of a hormone to a plasma membrane receptor initiates a series of events which leads to the generation of _____ within the cell. These then trigger a series of molecular interactions that alter the physiological state of the cell.

Second messengers

Hormone produced in D cells of GI mucosa and function in decreasing gastric secretion (this hormone is also produced in the pancreas and hypothalamus)

Somatostatin

Pancreatic hormone that decreases motility of the stomach, duodenum, and gallbladder

Somatostatin

Which class of hormones does not have cell surface receptors?

Steroid hormones

The catecholamine hormones are produced in the cells in the adrenal medulla, but they are also produced in another location. Where else are the catecholamine hormones produced?

Sympathetic nervous system

Which growth factor may inhibit post-pubertal mammary growth between estrous cycles?

TGF-beta

Colloid fills the center of the functional unit. Which large molecular weight protein is synthesized in the epithelial cells and secreted into the colloid?

Thyroglobulin

Amino Acid Derivatives are one of the four major classes of hormones. Which of the following is a hormone that is an amino acid derivative?

Thyroid hormone

Which enzyme is needed for just about all steps of thyroid hormone synthesis?

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)

In the negative feedback control of thyroid hormone production, which hormone is secreted from the adenohypophysis?

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

In the negative feedback control of thyroid hormone production, which hormone is secreted from the hypothalamus?

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

In the synthesis of melatonin, what amino acid is necessary to begin the pathway?

Tryptophan

We discussed 2 amino acids that catecholamine hormones are synthesized from. Which one does most of the catecholamine synthesis begin with?

Tyrosine

Which of the following is a hormone secreted by a neuron?

Vasopressin

In addition to PTH and calcitonin, what other hormone works to help regulate calcium in the body?

Vitamin D