Anth 165 QUIZ 2

Transgender often refers to people who

"do not conform to prevailing expectations of gender"

Trobriander Sex Leading to Marriage

Both boys and girls have multiple partners•Certain degree of freedom•Too many amorous relationships-dissolution of marriage

Limits of Ethnography

Ethnocentricism"weird customs," "sexual lives of 'savages'"Gender/Race Bias of ResearchersWhite male researchers studying non-white societies

Social dysphoria in the context of the transgender community is

the anxiety, panic, grief, or stress caused by other people not respecting a person's gender identity, reading them as the wrong gender, or misgendering them

Gender/Race Bias of Researchers

White male researchers studying non-white societies

A person's gender identity is

heir sense of being a particular gender and does not need to match their assigned sex at birth.

Ethnocentricism

"weird customs," "sexual lives of 'savages'"

appropriate gender pronouns (AGP's)

(she/her/hers, he/him/his, they/them/theirs, ze/zem/zirs, etc.) a person would prefer for you to use when referring to them.

Kula Ring

A system of ceremonial goods exchange in Papua New Guinea It showed that indigenous people create ties through systems of exchanges that link distant groups of people by creating more or less harmonious relationships.

Why is medically transitioning not called a sex change?

A transgender person is not trying to become another gender through surgery or hormones, because they already are the gender with which they identify.

Homosexuality in Pre-Colonial Azande

Azandeorganized in small kingdoms; warrior kingdoms-The ruling class had large harems; poorer men at a disadvantage-Nobles married their cousins, sometimes their daughters-Focus on reproduction of the ruling class•Scarcity of women; girls married very young, sometimes at child-birth-Young men did not have access to girls•Adultery was severely punished-Payment was 20 spears plus one woman

DMAB

If you are speaking generally, the terms trans woman (noun) or transfemale (adj) are typically used to refer to DMAB

intersex

Do not confuse being intersex and being trans. Do not refer to intersex people as trans - they do not necessarily identify as such - or vice versa - non-binary people do not have the right to call themselves intersex-identified.

Cultural Particularism

Introduced the idea that each society is unique with its set of norms/practices/ that no one culture is higher or lower than another•Trained his students to examine the specificities that make up unique cultures

Sexual Inversion Among the Azande

Male and female homosexual relationship seems to have been common among the Azandeamong past times. For males it was approved of in the bachelor military companies. Between females it was said to have been a frequent, though highly disapproved of practice, in polygamous homes." E. E. Evans-Pritchard

female-to-male and male-to-female

Originally connected to medical discourse indicating people who transition to a different sexed body•Now used to refer to people who move away from being assigned male (or female) at birth to the other direction

Transgender/transsexual/trans/etc. as a noun

Referring to a person solely by any aspect of their identity reduces that person to their membership to a particular group and implies that "they" are not one of "us." Instead, refer to a transgender person as just that - a transgender person, or a person who is transgender.

FTM (female-to-male) and MTF (male-to-female)

These terms are widely used by trans people of many generations, but recently have been called into question by the younger generation. They imply that a trans man used to be a woman or a trans woman used to be a man. Some trans people may feel this way, but you should only use these terms for that particular person and only if they ask you to do so. If you must refer to a person's status as a trans man or woman, you might try using the terms transmale or transmasculine in place of FTM and transfemale or transfeminine in place of MTF.

medically transitioning.

This is often incorrectly referred to as a "sex change." Medical transition is the process of aligning one's physical self with their desired physical characteristics.

Transsexual

This is often seen as an outdated term these days. The term refers to someone who has "changed their sex," which plays into the notion that a person's assigned sex or anatomy still defines them. Many people, especially in older generations, might identify as a transsexual person, but you should avoid using the term. Instead use the term transgender or gender-variant.

Tranny

This term has a violent history against trans women and is often used to dehumanize them. For many people, it is a reminder of the trauma that they have experienced in the past. While some trans women may reclaim it for themselves, if you are not a trans woman, then you should never use it under any circumstances. (Even if you are a drag queen.)

Biologically Male/Female

Using these terms to refer to a person's assigned sex is offensive because it implies that their body is not their own but that of someone of their assigned sex. A trans person is not a "man trapped in a woman's body," but a man who was born with physical characteristics typically associated with being a woman. If you absolutely MUST refer to a trans person's assigned sex, use the terms DFAB and DMAB which were introduced previously.

appropriate gender pronouns (AGP's)

Ze/Zem/Zirs /They/them/theirs spivak,ey/em/eirs I saw em when ey went to eir local store to get emself milk.

Transphobia

a cultural bias against transgender or gender-variant individuals, much in the same way that homophobia is a bias against gay or lesbian individuals and biphobia is a bias against bisexual individuals.

eading them as the wrong gender, or misgendering them (referring to them as a gender other than their own).In order to avoid causing someone this trouble, you should make it a point to ask about their

appropriate gender pronouns (AGP's)

Trobriander Bachelor Hut Rules

everal boys and their female partners share sleeping space•No sharing of partners•Couples share a bed and nothing else•Relationship based on desire/passion•Relationships can be dissolved

DFAB

female-identified people and the terms trans man (noun) or transmale (adj) are typically used to refer to DFAB, male-identified people.

Boy Wives and Social Identity

he boys became women; they would say "we are women"•The boy was addressed by his lover as "my wife"•The boy addressed his lover as "my husband"•The boy-wives ate out of the sight of the warriors just as Azandewomen do not eat in the presence of the husbands•Roles of boy-wives was also of companionship-Sharing the bed with someone

Transgendered

his term implies that something happened to the person to make them transgender, or that they have fundamentally changed from who they were before they came out as trans. Like transsexual, this is a term that some trans people may identify with, but that you should probably avoid using.

Transsexua

is often used for people who use hormones/ and or medical technologies to alter their bodies to conform to their gendered sense of self•Traditionally, the term was connected to psychiatric notions such as gender dysphoria

A person who is gender-fluid

might experience cycles of some length of time where they identify one way and then identify another way at a different point in time.

A person who is agender

oes not identify as any gender at all.

body dysphoria

the extreme anxiety experienced when one does not see their own physical characteristics as matching their gender, which can at its worst be a life-threatening condition completely different from mere bad body imageº. In order to lessen body dysphoria, a person might undergo the process of medically transitioning.

Boy-Wives Among the Azande

• Married men and bachelors lived in military companies• Young noble men took male lovers until marriage and inherited property•Bridewealthdifficult for poorer men•Poor soldiers/bachelors took on young boys as wives-No shame attached although no public display of homosexual sex

Lesbianism

•In polygynousfamilies lesbianism was practiced-One male; multiple females-Lack of sexual contact for the females•Azandemen afraid of lesbianism-Female sexuality led to loss of male authority-Associated lesbianism with witchcraft-Azande

Why Have Boy-Wives?

•Lack of availability of heterosexual relations•Boy-marriage had disappeared after British colonial contact•Breakdown of kingdoms and military companies -women became more available•Breakdown of morals and suppression of customary punishments

Baghuru(Female Friendship)-Azande

•Women may have preferred women•Formal Female Friendship~baghuru-Close intimacy between two women with husbands' permission•Baghuruas cover for lesbianism