ANTH 420 Final
In his article "Ethos, World View, and the Analysis of Symbols," which of these does Geertz tell us is a common Javanese saying?
"If you start off north, stay north"
In his article "Ethos, World View, and the Analysis of Symbols," Geertz tells us that Javanese "ethos" manifests as what kind of idealized personality?
A "tranquil detachment" from the ups and downs of life
In the film Saved? The Church Trap, what does Rebekah Waites, the creator, model the project after?
A box trap
In the film Sweating Indian Style, Rayna Green, the director of the American Indian Program, states that these (white) people who are trying to emulate Native American cultures are actually imitating:
A cliche
According to Bowditch's article "Phoenix rising: The culture of fire at the Burning Man Festival," what is the Fire Conclave at Burning Man?
A group of fire performers who dance around the Man before he burns
In the film In Pursuit of the Siberian Shaman, what is Valentin's belief about modern medicine versus shamanic healing practices?
A person should try all modern medical stages before considering shamanic healing
According to Dr. White, people do not worship gods, things, or objects; people worship ____________.
Stories
According to the film Homeland: Four Portraits of Native Action, why did youth from the Oceti Sakowin Youth & Allies decide to attempt to halt the construction of the pipeline planned for land near their reservation?
Suicide rates were high on the reservation, so they needed hope and a cause
According to class discussion, what is the main element that distinguishes human languages from other animal languages?
Symbolism
According to the film The Three Worlds of Bali, which of the following marks the flow of time for the Balinese?
Temples
According to Desjarlais' article "Healing Through Images: The Magical Flight and Healing Geography of Nepali Shamans," Nepali shamans are different from Siberian shamans in that they do not typically travel to the lower- and upperwords. Instead, Nepali shamans travel along a _______________ path.
Terrestrial
In the film A Balinese Trance Seance, Jero Tapakan relays instructions to her clients from spirits. What is the main topic that the spirits are concerned with?
That the family should perform the correct rituals in the correct times and places
According to Huston's article "The rave: Spiritual healing in modern Western subcultures," who (or what) plays the role of technoshaman at raves?
The DJ
According to Malinowski in the chapter "Primitive Man and His Religion," what two domains are found in every primitive community?
The Sacred and the Profane
Which of these is an example of a dangerous "revival" that Tylor saw happening in the modern world as described in Chapter 01 of Primitive Culture?
The Spiritualist Movement
In "Transformation: The Magic of Ritual," Tom Driver explains civil rights protests in the United States and anti-apartheid activism in South Africa as transformative rituals. What is the target that Driver argues is magically transformed by the ritual?
The commonly accepted social order
According to Bowditch's article "Phoenix rising: The culture of fire at the Burning Man Festival," what is the Burning Man community's transformative catalyst?
The intimate relationship with fire
According to Bowditch's article "Phoenix Rising,: The Culture of Fire at the Burning Man Festival," what was the Burning Man community founded on?
The love of fire
In the chapter "The Nature of the Soul," what common belief does Frazer claim explains the various cultural practices of covering mirrors or turning them to face the wall?
The reflection is the soul
According to the article "The Soul of the Indian, Lakota Philosophy and the Vision Quest," in preparation for vision quests, the Lakota purify themselves with:
The steam of sweat lodges
In "Baseball Magic", why are crossed bats taboo?
The top one steals hits
David Kertzer tells us that symbols help us to discern
The weak from the powerful
In Hoodoo in America, which of the following is common among all of Hurston's descriptions of the hoodoo doctors?
They all have rituals for sexual fidelity
In the film In Pursuit of the Siberian Shaman, what does Valentin tell the tourists about shamanism similarities around the world?
They all share the same gods
Why do the members of the John Frum Movement raise the American flag every day?
They believe the flag will protect them and Custom
According to class discussion, why might Zora Hurston have focused on hoodoo spells and rituals for women a bit more more than men?
They often have less "agency" in society. Plus she was a woman.
According to Gmelch, why did pitchers engage in more complex rituals when compared to hitters?
They played less
According to Dr. White, what did Tylor believe about animals?
They were purely instinctual beings
What is one way a politician might gain and retain power, according to Kertzer?
Through identification with a popular symbol
According to Perez-Sullivan in the film Homeland: Four Portraits of Native Action, what is the EPA's goal in teaming up with Navajo TechnicalUniversity?
To educate Navajo members in assessment and cleanup work of the uranium mines
In Hoodoo in America, according to Hurston's description of the obeah doctor, why would a person suck a copper cent while having intercourse with their husband or lover?
To give him syphilis because he was untrue
To what aim does Kray cite sociologists Weber and Durkheim in her article "A Practice Approach to Ritual"?
To show that religion is a root of or a model for social order
According to Bowditch's article "Phoenix rising: The culture of fire at the Burning Man Festival," primary shapes such as circles triangles and squares are often charged with symbolic meaning in rituals, and their simplicity and accessibility is the source of their power.
True
According to Chapter 12 of Evans-Pritchards book, the Azande believe that princes are hostile to Mani because they are very traditional and are opposed to the introduction of new customs.
True
According to Chapter 2 of Evans-Pritchard's book, witchcraft can explain why misfortune happens but not how.
True
According to Chapter 3 of Evans-Pritchard's book, it is generally the Zande who are disliked by many of their neighbors who are accused of witchcraft and earn the reputation of witches.
True
According to Cindy Dell Clark's article "Tricks of Festival: Children, Enculturation, and American Halloween," Halloween creates an inversion of power in which children are more powerful than the adults.
True
According to Conklin's article "Shamans versus Pirates in the Amazonian Treasure Chest," the Amazonian "treasure chest" is the vast, biogenetic diversity that represents untold value.
True
According to Crate's article "Gone the Bull of Winter?", some misinformed critics of global climate change argue that Northern peoples are probably happier now that temperatures are rising.
True
According to Frazer's chapter "The Nature of the Soul," portraits are often believed to contain the soul of the person portrayed.
True
According to Frazer's chapter "The Nature of the Soul," the soul commonly escapes through the mouth and nostrils.
True
According to Malinowski in his chapter "Rational Mastery by Man of His Surroundings," the natives understand that "strength, courage, and agility" are necessary in warfare, but "they practice magic to master the elements of chance and luck."
True
According to Stetson's article "The Animistic Vampire in New England," all primitive peoples believed in the existence of good and evil spirits holding a middle place between men and gods.
True
According to the article "Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge," Traditional Ecological Knowledge uses an holistic perspective that looks at patterns of relationships such as differences as well as similarities between systems.
True
According to the film In Pursuit of the Siberian Shaman, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, in the early 1990s almost all regions of Siberia experienced an unprecedented shamanic revival.
True
According to the film In Pursuit of the Siberian Shaman, women are restricted from participating in Siberian shamanic rituals because spilled blood (i.e., menstruation) would contaminate the magic.
True
According to the film Saved? The Church Trap, as an important aspect an art installation, the Church Trap was designed to be interactive.
True
According to the film Sweating Indian Style, the belief that Native American societies are traditionally ruled by women is considered "silly." Most Native American societies have mutual leadership between women and men.
True
According to the film Witchcraft Among the Azande: Disappearing World, the Azande used to practice benge on humans, not just chickens.
True
Based on class discussion on scientific objectivity, if a person clearly states their objective findings, you should always be skeptical; there is no such thing as objectivity.
True
Based on what we discussed in class, giving cargo to the people of Tanna could effectively damage their belief system.
True
Dr. White claims that language is the most powerful magic we have.
True
Fielding has little to no associated rituals, taboos, and fetishes because it exhibits a high degree of control when compared to hitting and pitching.
True
In "Dreams, Theory, and Culture: The Plains Vision Quest Paradigm," Irwin states that for Plains Native Americans, there is no separation between the world we live in and the world we dream of.
True
In "Myth in Primitive Psychology," Malinowski explains that in order for ethnographers to understand the sociological relevance of myth, they must first become fully acquainted with the social organization of the natives.
True
In Chapter 11 of Primitive Culture, Tylor argues that religion is a human universal, and those who claim lower races have no religion base these erroneous findings on their own understanding and experience of religion.
True
In Chapter 11 of Primitive Culture,Tylor claims that morality, the most vital element of religion, is often not represented in the religions of the lower races.
True
In Chapter 11 of his book, Evans-Pritchard states that one of the reasons why the Azande do not question the futility of their magic is because they do not possess sufficient knowledge to understand the real causes of things.
True
In Chapter 7 of his book, Evans-Pritchard claims that those who pursue the craft of a witch-doctor are often of higher intellectual curiousity and greater ambition.
True
In Chapter 9 of his book, Evans-Pritchard states that when Azande consult oracles, they are seeking information about the movement of psychic forces that might cause them misfortune.
True
In Hoodoo in America, according to Hurston's description of the obeah doctor, to throw a black cat into the sea will cause a great wind to rise.
True
In Hoodoo in America, according to Hurston, Albert kept a box lined with cheesecloth to indicate the color of candles being used for a particular job. For example, black was for death, and green was to bring wishes.
True
In her article "Gone the Bull of Winter?", Crate claims that field researchers, anthropologists, can create compelling arguments for a sustainable society by exposing the effects of climate change on non-Western and indigenous populations who dependent on the natural environment for their livelihoods.
True
In her article "Tricks of Festival: Children, Enculturation, and American Halloween," Cindy Dell Clark claims that children hold power in family rituals because adults are interested in the children's reactions.
True
In his article "Deep Culture in Action,: Resignification, Synecdoche, and Metanarrative in the Moral Panic of the Salem Witch Trials" Reed argues that melodramatic, Satan-focused, cosmic-call-to-arms sermons significantly helped fan the flames of panic.
True
In his article "Fear the Bogeyman: Sex Offender Panic on Halloween," Extein claims that sex offenders were selected as moral panics about sex, stranger danger, and national paranoia.
True
In his article "The Animistic Vampire in New England," Stetson claims that evidence of ritualistic burning to prevent vampirism is a strong argument in favor of cremation of the dead.
True
In his article "The Animistic Vampire in New England," Stetson claims that the survival of vampire superstition illustrates the tenacity and continuity of superstition through the progress from a lower to a higher culture.
True
In his article "The Ritual Experience: Pain and the Transformation of Consciousness in Ordeals of Initiation," Morinis asks why ordeals accompany initiation, when such brutality is not found associated with other, equally important events do not.
True
In the article "Dreams, Theory, and Culture: The Plains Vision Quest Paradigm," Irwin is skeptical about psychological research of dreams because most of their subjects are white, male, college students.
True
In the article "Healing Through Images: The Magical Flight and Healing Geography of Nepali Shamans," Desjarlais says that the shaman's purpose is to evoke liminality in the patient, which prompts the patient to undergo transformation from ill to healthy.
True
In the article "Korean Shamans and the Spirits of Capitalism," when Mr. Kim purchased a new car, his family was concerned about their fate because Mr. Kim had not requested a horoscope from the shaman Yongsu's Mother or properly honored the spirits through ritual and bribe.
True
In the article "The Soul of the Indian, Lakota Philosophy and the Vision Quest," Martinez hypothesizes that because the Lakota children are raised to observe all aspects of nature, their senses are already heightened, and the ritual takes them to an extreme level.
True
In the article "The Virgin of Guadalupe," Wolf states that the Guadalupe symbol is associated with both a longing to return to a pristine state and rebellion against the father.
True
In the chapter "Primitive Man and His Religion", Malinowski stated that E.B. Tylor's view of primitive religion "made early man too contemplative and rational."
True
In the chapter "Primitive Man and His Religion," Malinowski states that E.B. Tylor laid the foundations of an anthropological study of religion, despite some of his flawed views.
True
In the film Homeland: Four Portraits of Native Action, Indian country all along the West side of North America contains mass amounts of natural resources that the United States government wants to exploit.
True
In the film Homeland: Four Portraits of Native Action, the Gwich'in hunt and feed on the caribou not only because they do not have local grocery stories to supplement their diets, but also because it is an essential part of their cultural and spiritual relationship with the caribou.
True
In the subsection called "Magic and Experience," Malinowski argues that magic happens when a person experiences a "gap" between where a person is and where they want to be. This gap is also known as "desire."
True
In their article "Bioarcheological and Biocultural Evidence for the New England Vampire Folk Belief," Sledzik and Bellantoni used century skeletal remains and historical accounts to explain 19th century vampirism practices in New England.
True
In their article "Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge," Dudgeon and Berkes argue that many scholars in both TEK and IK have used development science as the final arbiter of the validity of all knowledge.
True
In their article "Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge," Dudgeon and Berkes argue that, in the TEK approach, the ecosystem includes the people inhabiting it.
True
The John Frum Movement allowed the people of Tanna to return to their customary way of life that had been outlawed by missionaries.
True
The members of the John Frum Movement believed Fred staged the lake flooding in order to gain followers for Unity Worship.
True
The purpose of Kray's article "A Practice Approach to Ritual" is to analyze the way religious ritual imposes social structure and community on a group. The analysis was performed by comparatively examining Yucatan Catholicism and Protestantism and their doctrinal influences on social relationships.
True
Tylor defines culture as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."
True
When the Australians reached the New Guinea highlands, they were believed to be the dead ancestors of the Papuans.
True
According to Sledzik and Bellantoni's article "Bioarcheological and Biocultural Evidence for the New England Vampire Folk Belief," 19th century New England folklore showed that individuals who died from _______________ would come back as vampires to infect their surviving relatives.
Tuberculosis
What did the Papuans do with tin cans?
Turned them into jewelry/headpieces
According to lecture and past readings, which of the following anthropologists defined animism?
Tylor
According to Stetson's article "The Animistic Vampire in New England," the __________ is a spirit that arises from its dead both to torment the living.
Vampire
In Cindy Dell Clark's article "Tricks of Festival: Children, Enculturation, and American Halloween," what helped revive the Samhain-like Halloween in the 19th century?
Waves of immigrants
According to the film Witchcraft Among the Azande: Disappearing World, what is the greatest danger to the Azande?
Witchcraft
In the article "Dreams, Theory, and Culture: The Plains Vision Quest Paradigm", Irwin states that for Plains Indians, dreaming is:
a core or central aspect of their religious understanding and experience.
In his article "Prayer as Person: The Performative Force in Navajo Prayer Acts," Sam Gill argues that to best understand the Navajo relationship with the Holy People, we should consider an act of prayer to be:
a kind of person or intermediary between humans and the Holy People
In the article "The Soul of the Indian, Lakota Philosophy and the Vision Quest," Martinez states that the Lakota visions are:
a normal, expected part of personal development
In the article "The Virgin of Guadalupe," Wolf argues that for Mexicans who were part Indian and part Spanish, the Virgin of Guadalupe represented __________.
a secure place for them in the social order
In "Disenchantment: A Religious Abduction," Sam Gill provides direct accounts from Hopi informants, who state that the original purpose of the whipping was probably:
a warning to keep the secrets of the kachina from even younger children
In the article "Disenchantment: A Religious Abduction," Hopi children lose the state of naïve realism, but at the same time they gain:
access to kachina cult activities
In the article "Dreams, Theory, and Culture: The Plains Vision Quest Paradigm", Irwin states that dreaming is:
an activity that all humans experience, understood differently depending on our culture
In "Dreams, Theory, and Culture: The Plains Vision Quest Paradigm," the concept of "enfolded order" describes:
an understanding that the dream world and the real world overlap and are connected everywhere.
In "The Art of Magic and the Power of Faith," Malinowski argues that there are three basic elements to any act of magic as performed by a primitive practitioner. These include each of the following except:
desires
In the article "A Practical Approach to Ritual," Kray reminds us that the study of ritual is crucial if we are to connect the ______________ of a people to their _____________ and thus begin to comprehend the cultural norms of a society.
emotions | symbols
In their article "Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge," Dudgeon and Berkes suggest that Sillitoe's non-critical stance on Indigenous Knowledge advocates for:
external preservation and exploitation by development agencies
Tylor treated humankind as "_____________," meaning that he strove to "eliminate considerations of hereditary varieties or races of man" and thus treated all people as "unified in nature..."
homogenous
According to Dr. White, the song "Walking in Space" from the 1967 musical Hair represents a rite of passage from _________________ to __________________.
ignorance; knowledge
In "Myth in Primitive Psychology," Malinowski states that it is important to treat myths not as dead or static systems of beliefs but that they should be "studied alive." Which of the following is not listed among the functions he believes myth to fulfill in primitive culture?
it clearly separates "us" versus "them"
In Hoodoo in America, Hurston describes the various hoodoo prayers in the Southern states. A nutmeg filled with quicksilver and argentorum, sealed with the blood of a pine tree, and placed in a pure chamois skin bag is said to bring _________ if used correctly.
luck
In "Transformation: The Magic of Ritual," Tom Driver states that one of the main differences between science and magic is that:
magic tends to be subjective and take a broad view of problems; science is analytical and takes a narrower view of reality
In "Transformation: The Magic of Ritual", Tom Driver describes events such as a couple being wedded or a leader being sworn into office as:
magical transformations in our general and public lives
Malinowski tells us that "_________ is not a dead product of past ages, merely surviving as an idle narrative. It is a living force, constantly producing new phenomena...."
myth
In Chapter 6 of his book, Evans-Pritchard owed Bogwozu 10 spears for training Kamanga as a witch-doctor. However, Bogwozu wanted the payment before Kamanga had completed his training. Evans-Pritchard made a deal with Bogwozu that if Kamanga could succeed in ___________________, then he would give him the 10 spears.
operating on a young, sick boy
According to lecture, the _____________ doctrine emphasized internal health and maintenance, while the ______________ doctrine emphasized the external agents of harm on and within the body.
physiological; ontological
In the article "Disenchantment: A Religious Abduction," the main focus of the ritual activity being described is:
revealing to children that kachinas are just people wearing masks and not gods
In Chapter 10 of his book, Evans-Pritchard explains that the most commonly used oracle is the _______________, but it is often wrong and only used as a preliminary to the poison oracle.
rubbing-board
In "Myth in Primitive Psychology," Malinowski argues that magic and ___________ are alike in that both have a definite aim intimately associated with human instincts, needs, and pursuits.
science
In the article "Disenchantment: A Religious Abduction," Gill concludes that the purpose of disenchantment in initiation rituals is to cause the initiates to:
see beyond a simple (childish) view of the spiritual to a more complex (adult) view, while still maintaining belief in the supernatural
In the article "Healing Through Images: The Magical Flight and Healing Geography of Nepali Shamans," what does Desjarlais indicate are "geographical images" used by the shaman to evoke a healing transformation for his patient?
symbolic images based on real world forests, rivers, mountains, and crossroads
According to the film Homeland: Four Portraits of Native Action, in the 1970s the Cheyenne Tribal Council did not comprehend that the coal companies wanted to come in to develop the coal on their land because:
the Tribal Council had a very limited understanding of the English language
In all of savagery, what did Malinowski say was probably the most widespread of all?
the act of pointing a magical dart
In his article "The Ritual Experience: Pain and the Transformation of Consciousness in Ordeals of Initiation," Morinis defines an ordeal as an aspect of adolescent initiations that involve:
the direct sensory experience of pain
In the article "Gone the Bull of Winter?", what does Crate mean by the softening of the climate?
the lessening of climate extremes, such as highs and lows
According to Dr. White, in the song "Walking in Space" from the 1967 musical Hair, the middle part with lyrics about colors and visions represents:
the liminal space
In the film Homeland: Four Portraits of Native Action, exposure to uranium dust affected _______________ in the Navajo Nation.
the miners, and their families when the miners brought home dusty clothes
In the article "The Soul of the Indian, Lakota Philosophy and the Vision Quest," Martinez claims that the fact that the Lakota do not get to choose their visions supports the hypothesis that:
the needs of the people and cosmos settle one's fate
In Chapter 8 of his book, which of the following does Evans-Pritchard claim is the most important oracle to the Azande?
the poison oracle
In the film The Three Worlds of Bali, which of the following are the three worlds of Bali?
the underworld, the mortal plane, and heaven
Since the Australians wore so many clothes, the Papuans thought ______________.
they were incapable of bodily functions
Why did Dr. White read House Made of Dawn aloud to us in class?
to illustrate the complexities and values of oral tradition
In Chapter 5 of his book, Evans-Pritchard states that witch-doctors' knowledge of medicine is based on __________ and __________.
trees; herbs
In Hoodoo in America, William Jones describes to Hurston that in order to obtain the bone of a black cat, you must drop the black cat alive into boiling water to produce the black bone.
true
In his article "Deep Culture in Action: Resignification, Synecdoche, and Metanarrative in the Moral Panic of the Salem Witch Trials," Reed states that __________ are narratives that recount what happened and offer interpretations as to why.
Accusations
According to Crate's article "Gone the Bull of Winter?", what is the potential or ability of a community or system to adapt to and cope with environmental change?
Adaptive capacity
Magic is an individual practice. Which of the following is an act of magic in contemporary western culture?
All of the answers are correct: - Knocking on wood for good luck - Crossing your fingers to excuse a lie - Blowing out birthday candles to make a wish come true - Kissing a wound as a form of healing
According to Crate's article "Gone the Bull of Winter?", in what way(s) did the Sakha elders possessed ecological knowledge about how the climate was changing?
All of the answers are correct: - The bull of winter was losing its horns. - They could not read the weather anymore. - The horses could no longer reach fodder due to thickening ice layers. - The land was starting to sink.
In the film In Pursuit of the Siberian Shaman, in which way(s) does the Russian Orthodox priest and Valentin disagree about the interactions between Orthodoxy and shamanism in Buryat?
All of the answers are correct: - Their acceptance of one another's existence - The shamanism "infection" - The role of Christianity in the suppression of shamanism - The belief that shamans used to sacrifice humans
In the article "Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge," which of the following are social processes behind ecosystem management practices?
All of the answers are correct: - Traditions - Folklore - Rituals - Taboos
According to Martinez in the article "The Soul of the Indian, Lakota Philosophy and the Vision Quest," having a vision involves which of the following senses?
All of the answers are correct: - Sight - Smell - Touch - Taste
n the article "Gone the Bull of Winter?", Crate states that global climate change not only impacts populations' livelihoods, but also results in the loss of:
All of the answers are correct: - meteorological orientation - mythological symbols - totem plants and animals that ground a culture - human-environment relationships
Based on class discussion about science and religion, how is science identical to religion?
All of these answers are correct: - They both have an origin story - They both often use deductive reasoning - They are both subjective - They both make leaps of faith about the world
How does David Kertzer define ritual?
All of these are correct: - action wrapped in a web of symbolism - symbolic behavior that is socially standardized - repetitive social behavior - a series of highly structured and standardized sequences
Why did Dr. White say the F word, the N word, and make a joke about his blonde cousins?
All of these are correct: - to show that while it is easy to laugh at the stereotypes of others, we get serious real fast when dangerous labels are applied to ourselves - to demonstrate the harmful power of words - to demonstrate synecdoche, a type of metonymy - to illustrate metonymy where one thing becomes another
What is "Indian Time," according to Sherman Alexie?
All of these are correct: - The act of walking between two skeletons - The reason Indians never wear a watch - Native confirmation that Whorf was onto something - A passage from a book about the Lone Ranger and Tonto duking it out in heaven
In Chapter 01 of Primitive Culture, Tylor lists which of these as "modes of connection that binds together the complex network of civilization"?
All of these: - Degradation and/or Modification - Progress - Survivals - Revival
According to Kray's article "A Practical Approach to Ritual," how is "evil" characterized in the católico beliefs?
All the answers are correct: - Natural disasters as reminders to heed God's word in avoiding evils - Nonhuman entities which cause chaos, illness, or death - X-tabai: an evil snake that takes the form of a beautiful woman to entice men to their deaths - Physical manifestation of and repentance for sins
In the film Saved? The Church Trap, how do the participants react to the project?
All the answers are correct: - They express emotions through laughter, hugging, running, cheering, etc. - The experience is spiritual - It has pulled together a community - They want them to build it again
According to Chapter 8 of Evans-Pritchard's book, which of the following is an Azande occasion to consult an oracle?
All the answers are correct: - in cases of adultery - in cases of sorcery - before a son's circumcision - before a long journey
According to Huston's article "The rave: Spiritual healing in modern Western subcultures," what can the flashing lights, dancing, and repetitive percussion physiologically produce in the ravers?
Altered states of consciousness
According to Tylor in Chapter 11 of Primitive Culture, ______________ includes the belief in souls of individual creatures.
Animism
According to Dr. White's lecture on witch hunts, what is the social and psychological stress resulting from societal instability?
Anomie
According to Dr. White, the hippie era in the 1960s began from a state of __________ when people were being shipped off to the Vietnam War.
Anomie
According to Malinowski in "Rational Mastery by Man of His Surroundings," what is the "profane" side of life?
Arts, crafts and economic pursuits
Based on class discussion on science and religion, which of the following represents a leap of faith in science?
Belief that the world is real
Which linguist studied the Hopi and concluded through linguistic analysis that his Hopi consultants and he, as a visiting ethnographer, experienced time differently?
Benjamin Whorf
According to Conklin's article "Shamans versus Pirates in the Amazonian Treasure Chest," what is the unethical appropriation of biogenetic resources for commercial purposes?
Biopiracy
According to Tylor in Chapter 11 of Primitive Culture, which of the following is a universal religious practice among all cultures?
Burial rites
In his article "The Animistic Vampire in New England," Stetson provides various examples, mostly across Europe, in which individuals exhume bodies of expected vampires. A common method to kill a vampire was to:
Burn or pierce the heart
In the article "Korean Shamans and the Spirits of Capitalism," Kendall conducted random observations of kut and minor offerings. What did she find was the most-cited reason for seeking kut?
Business success
According to the film Homeland: Four Portraits of Native Action, the Gwich'in Athabaskan Indians rely on the ___________ for their traditions and culture, but oil drilling has disrupted their migratory pathways.
Caribou
According to the film Sweating Indian Style, when a white person who is not Native American enacts a Native American ritual or participates in the cultures without Native heritage, guidance, or consent, they are actually performing:
Cultural colonialism
In their article "Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge," Dudgeon and Berkes conclude that TEK supports and promotes local autonomy and participation in resource management. And ___________________ is required for successful adaptation to our diverse ecological circumstances.
Cultural diversity
According to Huston's article "The rave: Spiritual healing in modern Western subcultures," what part of the rave "journey" becomes a "portal to transformation"?
Dance
According to Hutson's article "The rave: Spiritual healing in modern Western subcultures," what are the critical elements of a rave?
Dance music, long duration, and ecstatic experience
In Chapter 13 of his book, what does Evans-Pritchard claim answer the "riddle of mystical beliefs"?
Death
In Cindy Dell Clark's article "Tricks of Festival: Children, Enculturation, and American Halloween," ____________, a normally taboo topic of polite conversation, becomes a predominant motif during Halloween.
Death
In Hoodoo in America, which of the following was an item of luck to carry on the person or keep in the house that Hurston learned from Ruth Mason?
Devil's shoe strings
At the conclusion of the chapter "Primitive Man and His Religion," Malinowski reminds us that magic and religion are not merely a _______________ but a ____________.
Doctrine or philosophy / a special mode of behavior
According to the Tibetan Book of the Dead, the book is a guide to __________.
Dying
In the article "Tricks of Festival: Children, Enculturation, and American Halloween," the children Cindy Dell Clark interviewed perceived their adult-like costumes as _______________.
Empowering
What is the term that Geertz uses to represent a culture's system of moral values in his article on the analysis of symbols?
Ethos
According to Chapter 10 of Evans-Pritchard's book, the termite oracle is an branch-eating, elderly woman who lives in a hut on the outskirts of the village.
False
According to Chapter 2 of Evans-Pritchard's book, the Azande believe that witchcraft is the only cause of all phenomena.
False
According to Conklin's article "Shamans versus Pirates in the Amazonian Treasure Chest," the shaman's mediating role is entirely new to Brazilian shamans.
False
According to Crate in her article "Gone the Bull of Winter?", indigenous people have an incredibly limited adaptive capacity for climate change due to their ignorance of modern, Western technologies.
False
According to Crate's article "Gone the Bull of Winter?", Sakha elder knowledge of climate change is based not only on life-long observations, but also through external sources, such as national broadcasting stations.
False
According to Dr White, the hippies of the 1960s used drugs in order to escape from reality.
False
According to Dr. White's lecture on Driver, human culture has reached the point where we no longer need rituals to connect with nature.
False
According to Dr. White's lecture on witch hunts, witchcraft was defined into existence by pagan folklore.
False
According to Dr. White, Tylor was an avid Darwinist.
False
According to Frazer's chapter "The Nature of the Soul," if a person's soul is permanently detained away from the body, that person will still a long, healthy life.
False
According to class discussion, once a prophecy is fulfilled, people continue believing in it just as they did before.
False
According to lecture, anthropologists have found that all native medical practices are completely ineffective.
False
According to the article "Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge," the abductionist model in TEK views nature as a collection of commodities which has no innate value until it is assigned value by humans.
False
According to the film Homeland: Four Portraits of Native Action, the paper mills in Maine damage the Penobscot people and their culture by cutting down ritualistically important trees in the area.
False
According to the film Saved? The Church Trap, the entrance into the Church Trap was limited to those who practiced forms of Catholicism.
False
Based on class discussion about intelligence, through rigorous methodological testing, scientists have discovered a way to accurately quantify intelligence across all populations of people.
False
Based on class discussion on science and religion, all religions prescribe a moral order, but science is based entirely on logic and not morality.
False
Dr. White claims that US culture has a diverse array of effective rituals.
False
In "Myth in Primitive Psychology," Malinowski claims that myths for primitive peoples are simply artistic, aimless imaginings with no real cultural purpose.
False
In "Myth in Primitive Psychology," Malinowski tells us that "savage" people are fiercely territorial, and when the people of a vanquished tribe were driven from their lands by a hostile neighbor, the victors would move in and the vanquished be, for the most part, banished.
False
In "Transformation: The Magic of Ritual," it is argued that the outcome of these kinds of transformative rituals are always good and desirable since they seek to change society and bring about new configurations of social order.
False
In Chapter 1 of Evans-Pritchard's book, the Azande believe that witches and sorcerers are the same.
False
In Chapter 11 of his book, Evans-Pritchard states that the Azande use medicines connected with natural forces for sexual potency.
False
In Chapter 12 of his book, Evans-Pritchard claims that Europeans, missionaries, and the Sudan Government are understanding of the Mani ceremonies.
False
In Chapter 13 of his book, Evans-Pritchard states that European conquest had no effect on the Azande customs and culture.
False
In Chapter 5 of his book, Evans-Pritchard states that a Zande believes that the cheif cause of misfortune is their own laziness.
False
In Chapter 7 of his book, Evans-Pritchard observes that the Azande often view the witch-doctors on the same level as the Prince.
False
In Chapter 9 of his book, Evans-Pritchard believes that when an operator administers benge to a fowl, he often cheats to get the outcome he desires.
False
In Hoodoo in America, Hurston claims that the hoodoo doctors in the Southern states were often revered by the townsfolk, including the police.
False
In Hoodoo in America, Hurston explains that human sacrifice is common practice of obeah in the Bahamas. The person asking for a service from an obeah is required to offer a loved one. In order to do so, they must bring the sacrificial person to the obeah.
False
In Hoodoo in America, Hurston learned that Doctor Barnes used skin from a black cat as a charm for overpowering enemies.
False
In Hoodoo in America, Hurston paid Samual Thompson $350 to be taught the hoodoo practice of petitions in New Orleans.
False
In The Goddess and the Computer, the water priests use their control of the irrigation system to rule over the villagers and demand tribute from them. They are responsible for organizing Balinese society into a stratified state where villages all owe loyalty to the main water temple in the mountains, with the head priest serving as the senior political figure or "regent" of the society.
False
In chapter 11 of Primitive Culture, on Animism, Tylor firmly states that no missionaries have ever sought to "understand the mind of the savages they have had to deal with."
False
In her article "Gone the Bull of Winter?", Crate argues that anthropologists must ignore their research partners' perceptions of global climate change and strive to create better systems for them.
False
In her article "Tricks of Festival: Children, Enculturation, and American Halloween," Cindy Dell Clark studied Halloween in an effort to understand adult perspectives on childhood imagination.
False
In his article "Ethos, World View, and the Analysis of Symbols," Geertz states that the human need to make sense of the world and experiences is always overshadowed by biological needs.
False
In his article "Fear the Bogeyman: Sex Offender Panic on Halloween," Extein claims that the American public has always been afraid of strangers approaching their children, especially adult men.
False
In his article "Prayer as Person: The Performative Force in Navajo Prayer Acts," Sam Gill shows that the Najavo ceremonies are always effective in curing illnesses.
False
In his article "The Ritual Experience: Pain and the Transformation of Consciousness in Ordeals of Initiation," Morinis argues that pain as the chosen stimulus is unnecessary in initiation because it can easily be replaced with joy or bright colors.
False
In his article "The Ritual Experience: Pain and the Transformation of Consciousness in Ordeals of Initiation," Morinis states that ordeals of initiation are universal.
False
In the article "Healing Through Images: The Magical Flight and Healing Geography of Nepali Shamans," Desjarlais states that a shaman's alter serves as a place for his patients to give offerings to the spirits and gods inhabiting the ground on which the alter is built.
False
In the article "Korean Shamans and the Spirits of Capitalism," Kendall states that no true shamans exist anymore in Seoul because capalism has taken away any need for them.
False
In the article "The Soul of the Indian, Lakota Philosophy and the Vision Quest," Martinez concludes that anyone can experience the Lakota vision quest so long as they follow the ritual in exact detail.
False
In the article "The Soul of the Indian, Lakota Philosophy and the Vision Quest," Martinez states that the purpose of examining vision quests through the Lakota is to demonstrate how diluted the ritual has become due to Christianity.
False
In the article "The Virgin of Guadalupe," Eric Wolf argues that the Virgin of Guadalupe is a syncretistic figure who may one day become popular all over the world, as her symbolic significance can be applied across all cultures.
False
In the chapter "Rational Mastery by Man of His Surroundings," Malinowski claims that the natives he studies are completely incapable of logic and reason, attributing all outcomes to magic rather than cause and effect.
False
In the film A Balinese Trance Seance, Jero Tapakan demands additional money from her clients every time they want to speak to another spirit during the seance.
False
In the film Saved? The Church Trap, the creator and builders believed that the Church Trap had a single, universal meaning for everyone.
False
In the film Sweating Indian Style, all the women reportedly participate in the sweat lodge because they think they have Native American heritages.
False
In the film The Three Worlds of Bali, water holds a special significance because it is believed to come from the Dutch.
False
In the film Witchcraft Among the Azande: Disappearing World, Atonita and her boyfriend do not believe in the witchcraft, so they do not perform rituals on their newborn baby.
False
In the film Witchcraft Among the Azande: Disappearing World, the Azande cannot believe in witchcraft and Christianity at the same time.
False
In their article "Bioarcheological and Biocultural Evidence for the New England Vampire Folk Belief," Sledzik and Bellantoni found that the 12 historic accounts they examined revealed that charlatans were believed to be the cause of death of vampires and any deceased relatives.
False
In their article "Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge," Dudgeon and Berkes argue that ecosystems are solely constructed by the environment but can be influenced by people within and around them.
False
In their article "Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge," Dudgeon and Berkes claim that both traditional ecological knowledge and indigenous knowledge systems are essentially similar approaches to the study of the environment.
False
Malinowski claimed that because stories change with every individual retelling, we should not trust them as hard social facts. Other evidence confirms that myths, spells, and stories passed down through the oral tradition are always "false" because people in general do not consider stories to be sacred.
False
The baseball players could often rank the importance of ritual activities, removing various ones and any time.
False
The baseball players only ritualized very specific actions seeing most daily activities as mundane.
False
Tylor believed that humans were so wildly different from one another that it would be impossible to lump social behavior into a "sort of general average," and that we should never attempt to generalize onto the "arts and opinions of whole nations."
False
n the article "Korean Shamans and the Spirits of Capitalism," the shrine patrons were initially suspicious of Kendall because they knew that Kendall had no experience working with shamans, and they generally distrusted academics.
False
In the chapter on Animism, Tylor reports of a 16th-century traveller who gave an account of the natives of _________________ who determined that since the traveller could not comprehend their language, signs, or gestures that these particular natives must therefore have no religion or laws at all.
Florida
According to the film The Three Worlds of Bali, the Balinese see time as repeating cycles of growth. Based on this principle, which of the following has the shortest cycle of growth.
Flowers
According to Desjarlais in the article "Healing Through Images: The Magical Flight and Healing Geography of Nepali Shamans," which of the following terrains is analogous to the western idea of the unconscious, where irrationality, danger, and wildness resides?
Forests
According to the lecture on witches, which philosophy claimed that illness was the result of an imbalance of four essential bodily fluids?
Galenism
According to the film Homeland: Four Portraits of Native Action, the putting in methane gas wells could pollute the air and rivers on Cheyenne land , which would result in _________________, the destruction of the people and their culture.
Genocide
Which of the following did the Australians bring the highland New Guinea?
Gramophone
In Hoodoo in America, why did Hurston have to visit Samual Thompson four times before he taught her the rituals of petitions and responses?
He didn't trust her
In "Phoenix rising: The culture of fire at the Burning Man Festival," what does the Burning Man founder, Larry Harvey, claim the Man represents?
He doesn't represent anything
In Hoodoo in America, according to Hurston's description of hoodoo in the Southern states, why would a man sprinkle the Waters of Lourdes in front of a woman's house for three days before going to see her?
He is trying to earn her love
In Hoodoo in America, how did Albert Frechard bond his flesh and spirit with Hurston's during her training?
He joined their blood through cuts on their fingers
According to the film Jump at the Sun, what did Zora Hurston lie about throughout her entire career?
Her age
In Hoodoo in America, Hurston describes the terms veaudeau, juju, conjure, and roots as approximate synonyms for:
Hoodoo
In addition to the Indians, who else felt a rightful place in New Spain as a result of Guadalupe appearing to an Indian according to Wolf's article "The Virgi of Guadalupe"?
Illegitimate children of Spanish fathers and Indian mothers
In his article "Prayer as Person: The Performative Force in Navajo Prayer Acts," Sam Gill states that most Navajo ceremonies are motivated by _________.
Illness
In the film Saved? The Church Trap, why was the Church Trap creator Rebekah Waites upset when construction was finished?
It now belonged to the larger community instead of just her
According to Dudgeon and Berkes' article "Local Understandings of the Land: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge," which term contrasts local was of knowing with dominant understandings derived from contemporary development science?
Knowledge
According to Malinowski in his chapter "Rational Mastery by Man of His Surroundings," the natives cope with misfortunes such as broken fences or destroyed seeds with ___________.
Knowledge and work
In the film Jump at the Sun, Zora Hurston had a white literary patron who financially supported her anthropological work. What did the patron require in return for her support?
Legal rights to Zora's findings
According to the article "Gone the Bull of Winter?", Crate states that global climate change is mostly fueled by:
Lifestyles based on consumption
According to lecture, what do totems represent?
Lineage
According to Chapter 1 of Evans-Pritchard's book, why do the Azande people expression apprehension of old persons?
Magic grows with age.
According to lecture and past readings, which of the following anthropologists claimed that magic, science, and religion are all different?
Malinowski
According to David Kertzer, Polynesian rulers were considered to be descended from the gods. Because of this, they radiated __________, which surrounded them in a web of _________ that governed all interactions with their subjects.
Mana; ritual
According to class lecture, Tylor believed that ___________ drove culture, and ___________ were passive recipients.
Men/women
According to Reed's article "Deep Culture in Action: Resignification, Synecdoche, and Metanarrative in the Moral Panic of the Salem Witch Trials," actors make sense of experiences by creating narratives. When many different, concrete stories are grouped together into defined collectives, this is termed a ______________.
Metanarrative
According to class lecture, how did Tylor, and many other anthropologists of his era, obtain ethnographic data?
Missionaries
In the chapter "Primitive Man and His Religion," Malinowski believes that _____________ and _____________ are often neglected in the anthropological study of primitive religion.
Monotheism/morality
According to Reed's article "Deep Culture in Action: Resignification, Synecdoche, and Metanarrative in the Moral Panic of the Salem Witch Trials," ________ ________ occur when a large number of people in a society believe that something or someone poses a significant threat to that society, resulting in a "something should be done" mentality.
Moral panics
What is the term Kertzer uses to describe how a symbol might be interpreted by different people in different ways?
Multivocality
In The Goddess and the Computer, which of the following groups were NOT consulted on how to use the computer models?
Officials at the World Bank
In Chapter 3 of Evans-Pritchard's book, it is only socially acceptable for Zande commoners to associate with ___________.
Other commoners
According to discussion, what must anthropologists do in order to understand rituals?
Participant observation
In the film Witchcraft Among the Azande: Disappearing World, Chief Soro consults the _________ oracle to determine if Bukuyo had sex with Gume.
Poison
According to lecture, if a person is able to convince other people of something, then they have:
Power
According to Conklin's article "Shamans versus Pirates in the Amazonian Treasure Chest," what is defined as the media representations of indigenous populations and their rights movements in order to gain support from influential, non-Native peoples?
Pulp indigenism
In his article "Ethos, World View, and the Analysis of Symbols," what is the Javanese term Geertz introduces that symbolizes a union of both (subjective) "feeling" and (objective) "meaning"?
Rasa
According to Dr. White's lecture on witch hunts, which of the following is probably not a contributing factor to witch hunts?
Real witches
According to the Tibetan Book of the Dead, compassion for everything that lives is the basis of their religion, and belief in ___________ is an expression of that compassion.
Reincarnation
According to the film Homeland: Four Portraits of Native Action, how has Congress betrayed the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe since 1877?
Repeatedly taking large portions of their reservation land
In the film The Goddess and the Computer, the efforts of international development advisors to improve rice yields in Bali had the following effect:
Rice yields decreased and pests increased.
According to Dr. White's lecture on Driver, __________ can store knowledge and transmit information across the ages, such as traditions.
Rituals
In the chapter "Rational Mastery by Man of His Surroundings," Malinowski claims that because primitive knowledge is based on experience and derived from it by logical inference, then even the "lowest savage communities" have ___________.
Science
In his article "Fear the Bogeyman: Sex Offender Panic on Halloween," Extein claims that _______ ________ are the new mythical monsters invented to scare children into social order.
Sex offenders
According to Frazer's chapter "The Nature of the Soul," savages often regard their ________ or ________ as a vital part of themselves, making it a source of danger to them.
Shadow/reflection
According to Hutson's article "The rave: Spiritual healing in modern Western subcultures," raves are a form of healing comparable to:
Shamanic healing and spiritual experiences
According to Conklin's article "Shamans versus Pirates in the Amazonian Treasure Chest," what has been redefined through the political processes of the indigenous rights movements in the Amazon?
Shamanism
According to the film Jump at the Sun, Zora Hurston did some incredible things, but Hurston did not accomplish which of the following.
She gave birth to three children
According to Frazer's chapter "The Nature of the Soul," many savages believe that during _________, the soul leaves the body, putting it at risk to never return.
Sleep
In the article "A Practice Approach to Ritual," what element of ritual does Kray focus on?
Social relationships
