Anthro 2: Kinship Systems
what is demonstrated descent? Is associated with clans or lineages?
members can trace the names and relationships of their kin in each generation from apical ancestor to present.
what is stipulated descent? is it associated with clans or lineages?
members don't trace their ancestry through each generation back to apical ancestor (clans)
married couples establish a new home apart from their parents and other family
neolocality
social unit whose members believe they have ancestors in common
descent
parents and offspring living together is called?
nuclear family
what does this describe: members of nuclear family given kin names based in gender an generation--all parents siblings are either aunts or uncles and all children of parents siblings are cousins
eskimo kinship terminology
where was/is unilinear descent most often found? ( what type of society)
often in hunter and gatherer, horticulture and pastoral societies
men trace ancestry through male lines; women through female lines
parallel descent
historically, which is more popular: matrilineal descent or patrilineal descent?
patrilineal
children assigned to their fathers kin group
patrilineal descent
post marriage residence with or near husbands family
patrilocality (virilocal)
3 or more generations of kin living together is called?
extended family ex- parents, children, grandparents and great grandparents
describe "namesake kinship"
first born son is named after father's father Second son named after mother's father Additional sons named after father's brothers, then mother's brothers Same rules apply to girls (with mother's mother etc.)
culturally defined relationships and rules for determining family membership
kinship
children assigned to their mothers kin group
matrilineal descent
post marriage residence with or near wife's family
matrilocality(uxorlocal)
what belief is common to both lineages and clans? -define
apical ancestor- founder of descent group
Jews and Arabs share Abraham as their ____ _____. what is this an example of?
apical ancestor; example of demonstrated descent
what are the 3 basic categories of kinship? define all 3
1. marriage- union of strangers transformed into kin 2. affinal relationships (in laws) 3.consanguinal relationhips- biological links= parents, grandparents, children)
what 4 ways is kinship important in?
1. transmitting status to the next generation 2.transmitting property to the next generation 3. determining how family ties are established in marriage 4.determining how family ties are established for children
up until what century did about 60% of all human cultures follow unilineal descent patterns?
20th century
who are apical ancestors in Judeo- Christian tradition
adam and eve
individuals select either mothers or fathers descent line
ambilineal descent
which descent is the most common of the cognatic descent systems?
bilateral
all children are members of both parents descent lines
bilateral descent (US)
combination of matrilineal with patrilineal descent patterns --children are members of their mothers group and their fathers group
bilineal descent (double descent)
descent traced through both mothers and fathers ancestors
cognatic descent
siblings, their spouses, and their children living together is called?
collateral extended family
what is fictive kinship?
creates kinship links where they normally do not exist ex- god parents, sorority sisters, adoptive parents etc.
what is it called when apical ancestor is not human, but an animal or a plant?
totem
tracing descent through either the matrilineal or patrilineal line only
unilineal descent
