ANTHRO 201 Final

According to Anthropologist Arjun Appadurai, Christian missionaries in foreign countries are an example of which of the following?

Ideoscape

What does Benjamin Whorf 's research with the Hopi, a Native American group in the southwestern United States, suggest about language?

Language creates different ways of thinking.

Globally, native and minority languages are becoming endangered. The process of a group stopping use of a language and adopting another is called ___

Language shift

Which of the following individuals was among the earliest anthropologists who sought formalize study of kinship in the discipline?

Lewis Henry Morgan

Western Washington University occupies land which is part of the traditional territory of which Native American nation?

Lummi

Why do contemporary anthropologists study sexuality?

They study sexuality in order to provide a better understanding of the diverse expressions of sexuality worldwide.

Which of the following is an example of how family status and roles have changed over time in the US?

Today, it is more common for a father to be an equal partner in caring for children

Which discipline of anthropology studies human beings through the excavation and analysis of human material artifacts?

archaeology

Marriage is often seen as a way to build an alliance, and to match people with others from the "correct" social, economic or religious group. Sometimes this outcome is coincidental, but in many cases, it is accomplished intentionally through what kind of marriage?

arranged marriage

The Kula Ring Kula ring system of exchange found in the Trobriand Islands of the South Pacific is an example of which of the following?

balanced reciprocity

Early work by Ruth Benedict documented "two-spirit" individuals within the Zuni Tribe of New Mexico. What concept did her work critique?

binary model of gender

Which term best describes people who are sexually and/or emotionally attracted people of multiple genders, such as (but not limited to) men and women?

bisexual

You attend a friend's wedding. At one point, the father of the groomgives the bride's family an envelope filled with cash . What would you, as an anthropologist, call this?

bridewealth

What do anthropologists call groups who have a general notion of common descent that is not attached to a specific biological ancestor?

clans

In 2009, newly elected president Barack Obama visited a famous eatery in the inner city of Washington, D.C., and, after paying his tab, was asked by the cashier if he wanted his change. The president's reply was, "Nah, we straight." Which of the following was the president doing?

code switching

Cultural anthropologists employ the process of ethnology to:

compare cultures

Particularly knowledgable individuals who provide assistance, access and information to an anthropologist conducting fieldwork is called ___ ?

key informants

Which of the following types of marriage specifically involves the marital union of one woman to two or more men?

polyandry

Which of the following types of marriage specifically involves the marital union of one man to two or more women?

polygyny

What sub-field of anthropology studies monkeys and apes, but not human beings?

primatology

Franz Boas's attempts to document Native American cultures that were devastated by the westward expansion of settlers is called salvage ethnography. Boas's method involved:

rapid gathering of available material culture and key interviews.

In the United States, what form of economic exchange does taxation represent?

redistribution

What term describes ethnographers' awareness that they should engage in critical self-examination regarding the role they play in the research process?

reflexivity

Which of the following is a research method that has developed in response to globalization?

salvage ethnography

What are we talking about when we refer to observable physical and biological differences between the male and female human reproduction systems?

sex

Which term commonly describes an individual who identifies differently from the gender they were assigned at birth.

transgender

The work of many non-anthropologists through the nineteenth century suggested what theoretical idea about human life that anthropologists applied to culture?

unilineal cultural evolution

Which of the following terms describes a core set of books, articles and scholars that are read in an academic discipline, like Anthropology?

A compendium

Ithaca Hours is an example of which of the following?

A complementary currency

Which of the following is an example of the informal economy?

A yard sale

The distinct era in which human activity is reshaping the planet in permanent ways is referred to as what?

Anthropocene

The term etic means _____

Anthropological study from the perspective of an observer or outsider

Cultural Anthropologists have studied gender and sexuality around the world. Which of the following best describes what has been learned through cross-cultural study of gender and sexuality in the discipline?

Biology alone cannot predict the roles people play in a given culture.

Functionalism emphasized the ways that the parts of a society work together to support the functioning of the whole. It is associated with which group of Anthropologists?

British Structuralism

What term best describes European powers acquiring "unclaimed" land with little regard for ethnic groups who already lived in those places, their political structures, belief systems, or ways of life.

Colonization

According to the Perspectives text, the end of World War II and the Bretton Woods Conference, marks the start of what?

Contemporary globalization

During which era did the discipline of Anthropology begin?

Enlightenment

According to Anthropologist Arjun Appadurai, tourism is an example of which of the following ways that people, resources and knowledge flow across borders?

Ethnoscape

Which of the following is an example of negative reciprocity?

Gambling

Which answer best describes why globalization is described as "a double edged sword"?

Globalization has positive and negative effects on cultural groups

Which of the following best describes how globalization is impacting global language diversity?

Greater language shift resulting in linguistic homogenization

One area of study in Linguistic Anthropology involves understanding language evolution. What is this area of study called?

Historical linguistics

Early anthropological research relied on accounts from missionaries, explorers, soldiers and naturalists. Why was use of these sources problematic?

Inherent bias in data was not accounted for

Language shift, language loss and language revitalization are most impacted by, which of the following?

Internal factors like ideology and prestige

The Potlatch Ceremony is commonly practiced by Native peoples of the Pacific Northwest, such as the Kwakiutl. Which of the follow best describes the cultural and economic function of the activity?

It can reinforce the prestige of the chief and secure kinship based ties

Generalized reciprocity is practiced by cultures around the world. Which of the following best describes a cultural benefit of this mode of exchange.

It helps build and maintain social ties

Which of the following terms is defined as culturally recognized ties between members of a family, the social statuses used to define family members, and their expected behaviors?

Kinship

Which term best describes the ideology of free-market capitalism emphasizing privatization and unregulated markets?

Neoliberalism

Edward Curtis and others have been criticized for reinforcing romanticized images of "authentic" Native Americans. The term describing this is called ___

Noble savage

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a Statement of Land Acknowledgment, in this course?

Recognition of traditional land ownership is a first step toward decolonizing curriculum

What term best describes the combination of different beliefs—even those that are seemingly contradictory—into a new, harmonious whole?

Syncretism

What did Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942) encourage fellow anthropologists to do in his effort to improve field work methods?

Take time to learn the local language of the people being studied.

An anthropologist conducts ethnographic research on the lives of illegal immigrant families. How might the anthropologist justify publishing intimate and potentially incriminating details about the subjects?

The researcher obtained informed consent and ensured the anonymity of the subjects.

What term do anthropologists use to refer to the smallest units of sound that can make a difference in meaning, but has no meaning itself

phonemes

Because of its appreciation for cultural relativity, Anthropology as a discipline has always maintained ethical research relationships with Native cultures.

True

Which of the following best describes the tributary mode of economic production?

Workers typically own the means of production and pay a portion of what they produce in taxes

The "man the hunter, woman the gatherer" story is based on the idea that greater male strength and aggression is imprinted in human DNA. Which of the following terms describes this concept?

a gender myth

What is one of the typical steps taken during the planning stages of a fieldwork project?

conduct a literature review

The ability to appreciate the value of a cultural practice from the perspective of a member of that culture is best described by which of the following terms?

cultural relativism

Which of these definitions best describes sexuality, as understood by Cultural Anthropology?

desires, beliefs, and behaviors related to erotic physical contact, and cultural ideas or rules about how, when, and with whom sex occurs

What do anthropologists call a nonstandard or subordinate variation of a language?

dialect

What term describes how we learn to become part of a cultural group?

enculturation

The concept of "The Other" as described in stories like Gulliver's Travels emphasizes difference between people, often negatively. Which term best describes how people can view other people or cultures as worse or less important than their own culture?

ethnocentrism

What do we call the belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural and the practices of other people are abnormal and unnatural?

ethnocentrism

Many different kinship structures send a son away (or search outside their immediate kin groups) for a marriage partner. What rule does this reflect?

exogamy

Demonstrating your gender in expected or stereotypical ways is described by which of the following terms?

gender performance

Halloween is an example of which system of economic exchange?

generalized reciprocity

Which of the following processes is intensifying the exchange and diffusion of people, ideas, and goods worldwide, creating more interaction and engagement among cultures?

globalization

Which term first emerged in the late 1980s and refers to the adaptation of global ideas into locally palatable forms?

glocalization

Which term best describes the concept developed by French philosopher Michel Foucault to refer to the often-unnoticed system of rights and privileges that are associated with the sexual choices and family formation of dominant society?

heteronormative

Which concept refers to anthropology's commitment to looking at the full scope of human diversity and experience, including cultural, biological, historical, and linguistic aspects?

holism

What might an anthropologist interested in kinesics study?

how body language varies across cultures

Micro-loan programs and crowd funding programs are examples of what Political Scientist Manfred Steger calls _____?

humane forms of globalization

How do humans build kinship ties between two people who are not their immediate biological kin?

marriage

In a matrilineal descent group, membership in the family group is passed down through which member?

mother

Cultural anthropologists like to hang out with the people they are studying and ask lots of questions as the people work, celebrate, dance, or play games. What is the term best describes this process?

participant observation

In an age of intensifying globalization, ethnographic research continues to provide a deep understanding of informants' everyday lives and cultures, due in large part to the continued use of what specific research method?

participant observation

When anthropologists emphasize how culture, society, and a person's social position shape language, what kind of anthropology are they describing?

sociolinguistics

If an anthropologists is interested in understanding economic inequalities that prevents people from obtaining basic needs, their research will likely involve which of the following?

structural violence

A historical linguist would be most likely to study:

the development of language over time, including its changes and variations.