Anthro FINAL Study

Check all reasons why race is NOT a valid biological concept - 'races' account for only a very small fraction of the biological variation in humans - in every culture, skin color is used as the prime determining factor for race - cultural groups define race differently throughout the world - most traits do not vary concordantly in humans - the distribution of biological traits follow a cline - humans everywhere actually look alike, even though their genes are very different.

- 'races' account for only a very small fraction of the biological variation in humans - cultural groups define race differently throughout the world - most traits do not vary concordantly in humans - the distribution of biological traits follow a cline

Which populations do not fit the three vitamin D zone model?

- Pacific Islanders - Inuit

Which of the following explanations are discussed in your readings as a reasonable explanation for the geographic variations seen in human skin color? (check all that are true)

- sexual selection - protection for the body's stores of folate - intensity of UV radiation

The strength and mass of bone

- vary with an individual's level of physical activity while growing - are positively affected with access to vitamin D, calcium, and protein while growing

Modern humans have existed for over 100,000 years, but only over the last ________ years has Earth's population grown three orders of magnitude, from a few million people to over seven billion today.

10,000

Analyses of modern human genetic variation suggest that modern Homo sapiens (anatomically modern humans) evolved approximately

200,000 yBP.

Why do women in natural fertility populations menstruate less often than women in industrialized societies?

Because women in natural fertility populations spend more of their lives either pregnant or lactating.

While at the zoo, you notice a sign that reads "Western Lowland Gorilla: Gorilla gorilla." Given your current understanding of scientific taxonomy and classification, what do these names stand for?

Common name, genus name, species name

These lower leg bones are from Ötzi, the Iceman who died at age 45 around 5,000 years ago and was found mummified in the Alps.

False

The idea that face size decreased in humans due to the consumption of softer foods is known as the _______________ hypothesis.

Masticatory-Functional

After a few days the body can adapt to increased heat or cold, and the individual will 'get used' to the temperature due to dilation or constriction of blood vessels near the surface of the skin.

True

Both undernutrition and overnutrition can lead to cardiovascular disease.

True

Human adaptation occurs at four levels: genetic, developmental, acclimatization, and cultural.

True

Symptoms like nausea, vomiting, fever, and coughing

True

How is vitamin D related to sunlight?

UV radiation from the sun helps the body to synthesize vitamin D

According to your readings, which of the following is NOT a potential factor in the distribution of human skin color?

adaptation to altitude

Although Bergman's and Allan's rules most often explain body shape and morphology, we occasionally see variations from the patterns. The fact that not all populations follow the expected pattern indicates:

body shape and morphology reflect natural selection, sexual selection, AND developmental processes (including nutrition)

A gradual change in phenotype over a geographical area is called a:

cline.

According to your textbook, the concept of race began:

during the Renaissance.

The functional physiological adaptations that humans experience in their lifetimes are usually influenced most by

environmental conditions

When epiphyses fuse to diaphyses:

full adult height is attained.

All of the following are advantages of agriculture over foraging EXCEPT:

greater ecological diversity

People who live in the areas of the world highlighted in red have adapted to these particular geographical conditions and are likely to:

have relatively larger chest cavities.

Lactase persistence is most likely to be found in populations

that have a long history of dairy farming and pastoralism

Domestication refers to

the process of converting wild animals or plants into forms that humans can use.

Which of the following is a response to excessive cold which involves blood vessels near the body's surface?

vasoconstriction

The disease rickets, which affects bone mineralization, results from a deficiency in:

vitamin D

Pre-Agricultural populations

were generally healthier, but lived shorter lives, and may have had a higher rate of infant and child death

The average heights of European-American males in the United States fluctuated between 1710 and 1970 and: (positive=heights increased, negative=heights degreased):

were positively affected by access to medical care